Supported by the National Science Foundation and Indiana Universit

Hsieh, R.H.

Ku, T.H.

Richards, P.

Singh, P.P.

Stang, L.G. Jr.

Ward, T.E.

English

IUScholarWorks

RADIOISOTOPE PRODUCTION CROSS SECTIONS 
EXCITATION FUNCTION MEASUREMENTS OF PROTON INDUCED REACTIONS ON RHODIUM AND 
INDIUM: YIELDS OF 9 7 ~ u ,  9 6 ~ c ,  l o 9 c d ,  AND l1 3 ~ n  
T.H. Ku, R.H. Hsieh,  L.G. Stang,  Jr., and P. Richards 
Brookhaven NationaZ Laboratory, Upton, L.I., New York 11973 
P.P. Singh and T.E. Ward 
Indiana University CycZotron FaciZity, BZoomington, Indiana 47405 
The e x c i t a t i o n  f u n c t i o n s  of proton-induced n u c l e a r  I n  a d d i t i o n ,  a number of ruthenium compounds have 
r e a c t i o n s  f o r  f o u r  r a d i o n u c l i d e s  o f  v a l u e  i n  n u c l e a r  shown promise a s  u s e f u l  a g e n t s  i n  cancer  chemotherapy. 
1 
medicine have been measured. Cross s e c t i o n s  of 9 7 ~ u  The convenient  h a l f - l i f e  of 9 6 ~ c  ( 4 . 3  d) makes i t  a 
and 9 6 ~ c  formed i n  rhodium t a r g e t s  a s  w e l l  a s  1 0 9 ~ d  and v a l u a b l e  t r a c e r  f o r  developing new rad iopharmaceut ica l s  
l13sn  formed i n  indium t a r g e t s  have been determined f o r  t h e  s h o r t - l i v e d  i s o t o p e ,  9 9 m ~ c  (6.02 h) , which 
f o r  p ro ton  e n e r g i e s  from 60 t o  200 MeV. These d a t a  h a s  found e x t e n s i v e  a p p l i c a t i o n  i n  n u c l e a r  medicine. 2 
w i l l  p rov ide  a b a s i s  f o r  s e l e c t i n g  op t imal  i r r a d i a t i o n  
c o n d i t i o n s  and c a l c u l a t i n g  t h i c k - t a r g e t  y i e l d s  f o r  
l a r g e - s c a l e  p r e p a r a t i o n s  a t  t h e  Brookhaven Linac I s o -  
tope  Producer (BLIP). 
The c r o s s  s e c t i o n s  have been determined by ac- 
t i v a t i o n  of t a r g e t s  fol lowed by Ge(Li) gamma-ray count- 
i n g  of t h e  a c t i v i t i e s .  No chemical s e p a r a t i o n s  were 
performed. I r r a d i a t i o n s  were c a r r i e d  ou t  i n  t h e  i s o -  
tope  produc t ion  f a c i l i t y  a t  IUCF. The beam c u r r e n t s  
were monitored w i t h  a Faraday cup. A f t e r  i r r a d i a t i o n  
t h e  samples were shipped t o  BNL f o r  counting.  S e v e r a l  
of t h e s e  r e s u l t s  a r e  shown i n  F igs .  l a - l b  along w i t h  
A l i c e  Hybrid c a l c u l a t i o n s  performed by D r .  H. Karwowski. 
Aside from some d i sc repancy  a t  lower e n e r g i e s ,  t h e  over- 
a l l  shapes of t h e  e x c i t a t i o n  f u n c t i o n s  and g e n e r a l  
magnitude a r e  reproduced. 
The elements ,  9 7 ~ u ,  9 6 ~ c ,  l o 9 c d ,  and l 1 3 s n ,  a r e  
of c o n s i d e r a b l e  i n t e r e s t  f o r  biomedical  and o t h e r  ap- 
p l i c a t i o n s .  Because of i ts d e s i r a b l e  p h y s i c a l  charac-  Ep (MeV) 
t e r i s t i c s  ( t  = 2.9 d ,  86% 216 keV gammas) and h igh  
Figure la .  Total cross section for the  production o f  
chemical r e a c t i v i t y  , 9 7 ~ u  is  a p o t e n t i a l  r a d i o n u c l i d e  3 6 ~ c  by proton bombardment of  rhodium. A comparison 
t o  Alice Hybrid caZcuZations i s  shorn. The curves are 
f o r  n u c l e a r  medicine a p p l i c a t i o n s  t o  n u c l e a r  oncology. a guide t o  the  eye. 
The element, lo9cd (tl12 = 453 d), is in equilibrium 
with its daughter, 109m~g (tlI2 = 40 s), which emits 
a single 88 keV gamma-ray (3.92% abundant). It is 
useful as an X-ray fluorescence or radiography source. 
The nuclear properties of the 109~d-109m~g pair also 
satisfy the requirements for a generator system which 
would provide a continuous source of ultrashort-lived 
medical nuclide for repeated dynamic studies . The 
parent nuclide for the important generator 
m 
system is 13sn (tl12 = 114.9 d) . The 113 in genera- 
tor has been shown to be of value in many nuclear imag- 
ing applications .4 The desirable characteristics of 
m 113 In include a short half-life of 1.658 h, a mono- 
energetic gamma emission of 392 keV (65% abundant), 
and no beta emissions to contribute to the radiation 
dosage. 
The Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer (BLIP) ' €I 
has been in active use for the past few years for 
preparing large quantities of radionuclides of medical 
interest. It utilizes the excess beam capacity of a 
200-MeV proton Linac that injects protons into the 
Alternating Gradient Synchrotron, a 33-GeV accelerator 
used in high-energy physics research. The Linac can 
generate up to 10 pulses of 200-MeV protons per second, 
providing beam currents of 70 to 100 microamperes for 
radionuclide production. Preparations of clinically 
useful quantities of 9 7 ~ u  and 9 6 ~ c  from a rhodium 
target, and lo9cd and 3 ~ n  from an indium target at 
the BLIP have been demonstrated to be feasible. 
1) S.C. Srivastava, P. Som, G. Meinken, A. Sewatkar, 
and T.H. Ku, "Ruthenium-97 labeled compounds--A 
new class of radiopharmaceuticals," Second Inter- 
national Congress of World Federation of Nuclear 
Medicine and Biology, Washington, D.C., September 
1978. 
2) P. Richards, et al., in Radiopharmaceuticals, ed. 
G. Subramanian et al., Part Two (Society of Nuclear 
Medicine, Inc., New York, 1975). 
3) P. Richards, Division of Isotopes Development, &- 
search and Development Projects, Atomic Energy 
Commission, Washington, DC, TID Report /I25372 
(1969). 
4) J. Alvarez, in Radiopharmaceuticals, ed. G. Sub- 
ramanian s c., Chapter 10 (Society of Nuclear 
Medicine, Inc., New York, 1975). 
5) P. Richards, E. Lebowitz, and L.G. Stang, Jr., in 
Radiopharmaceuticals and Labeled compounds, ~ b l  . I, 
325-341, IAEA, Vienna (1973). 
6) L.G. Stang, Jr., The Brookhaven linac isotope 
producer, Progr. Nucl. Med. 4, 34-36 (1978). 
Alice Hybrid 
I calculation I 
40 80 120 160 200 
Ep (MeV) 
Gpre 1b. Total cross section for the production of 
Ru by proton bombardment of  rhodiwn. The curves are 
explained i n  Fig. la. 


Excitation Function Measurements of Proton Induced Reactions on Rhodium and Indium: Yields of 97-Ru, 96-Tc, 109-Cd, and 113-Sn

https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/bitstream/2022/2905/1/iucf_1979_125-126.pdf

Excitation Function Measurements of Proton Induced Reactions on Rhodium and Indium: Yields of 97-Ru, 96-Tc, 109-Cd, and 113-Sn

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