Murtomaa, Eeva

Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto

11FRAD: the bright new future?Part 2• Helsinki 29.11.2007• Eeva Murtomaa• National Library of Finland2Functional Rrequirements forAuthority Data, FRAD• FRBR … ”the need to extend the model … tocover authority data”• IFLA Working Group on FunctionalRequirements and Numbering of AuthorityRecords, FRANAR was established in 1998• world-wide review in 2005 and 20073FRAD, Functional Requirements forAuthority Records• three goals• to define functional requirements of authorityrecords• to serve as the official IFLA liaison to and workwith other interested groups concerningauthority files• to study the feasibility of an InternationalStandard Authority Data Number, ISADNNumber to identify entities (ISADNs – International Standard AuthorityData  Numbers)  / prepared for the IFLA Working  Group on FunctionalRequirements and Numbering of Authority Records by Barbara B. Tillett ;edited  by Glenn E. PattonISO TC 46/SC 9ISNI, International Standard Name Identifier4Members of the IFLA Working Group on FunctionalRequirements and Numbering of Authority RecordsFrancoise Bourdon, FranceChristina Hengel-Dittrich, GermanyOlga Lavrenova, RussiaAndrew MacEwan, UKEeva Murtomaa, FinlandGlenn Patton, chair, USAHenry Snyder, USABarbara Tillett, USAHartmut Walravens, GermanyMirna Willer, CroatiaConsultantTom Delsey, Canada5conceptual model is designed• to analyse functional requirements of authoritydata that is required to support authority control• to provide a frame of reference for relating thedata that are recorded in authority records to theneeds of the users of those records• to assist international sharing and use of authoritydata both within the library sector and beyond6who are the users?• the users of the authority data include both• the authority data creators• the end users• who use the authority information eitherthrough direct access to authority files• or• indirectly through the controlled accesspoints and reference structures in librarycatalogues, national bibliographies, etc.27FRBR                             FRADto find to findto identify to identifyto select an entity to contextualizeto obtain access to justifyto the entity described.user tasks8USER TASKSto find an entity or set of entities corresponding to theuser’s stated search criteriato identify an entity i.e.  to conform that the entityrepresented corresponds to the entity sought,and to distinguish between two or more entities with similarcharactersto contextualize: to  place a person, corporate body,work etc. in context and to clarify different kind ofrelationahips between those enetiesjustify: document the  reason for choosing the name orform of name9attributes “Known by” relationship ð nameand “Assigned” relationship ð identifierrelationships Dates of personTitle of personOther designation associated with the personReal name relationship ð name*Pseudonym relationshipð name*Secular name relationshipð nameName in religion relationshipð name*Earlier name relationshipð name*Later name relationshipð name*Alternative linguistic form relationshipð name*Other variant name relationshipð name*e.g.  TO FIND    an entity PERSON10attributesrelationshipsPlaces associated with familyHistory of familyGenealogical relationship ð familyAlternative linguistic form relationship ð namee.g. TO CONTEXTUALIZE  an entityFAMILY11entity-relationship methodology• the first step is to identify the entities, that are ofinterest to the users• to identify the relationships between thoseentities• to identify the  attributes of each entity• at a more detailed level also• to depict the relationships that may existbetween instances of entities 12entities• work, expression, manifestation, item• concept, object, event, place• person, family, corporate body• name• identifier• controlled access point (constructed name)• rules• agency313entity• key object of interest to the user e.g.• Astrid Lindgren14search: Astrid Lindgren• Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award• Hej Astrid!• 21.08.2007Lese- und Ausstellungsprojekt zum 100.Geburtstag von Astrid Lindgren• Event at Astrid Lindgren Elementary SchoolSeptember 8, 2005• Astrid Lindgren Association which is an organizationin operation to have The Astrid Lindgren Club.15search: Astrid LindgrenAstrid LindgrenAstrid Lindgren16name entityAstrid Lindgrenentity entityrelationship relationship17ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM’bibliographic entitiesEricsson, AnnaLin'gedeng, AosiruiLin'gelun, AsitelideLimdgren, Astrid...ID-number 999 999 999 999-7names and/ or identifiersbasis forcontrolled access pointsLindgren, Astrid, 1907-2002known byfundamental basis for the conceptual model18Rinduguren, Asut'uriduLingelun, Asitelide, 1907-2002Rindoguren, Asutoriddo, 1907-2002Lindgrin, Astrid, 1907-2002Lindjrin, Astrid, 1907-2002Lindgran, Astrid, 1907-2002Lindgirin, Astrid, 1907-2002Lingran, Ästrid, 1907-2002Lindgrin, Astrid, 1907-2002Lindjrin, Astrid, 1907-2002Lindgrene, Astrida, 1907-2002Lindgrena, Astrida, 1907-2002Lindgrenová, Astrid, 1907-2002Lindgren, Astrida, 1907-2002Lindgr¯ene, Astrida,|1907-2002NAME AUTHORITY FILELindgren, Astridattributes:14.11.190728.1-2002authorfemaleVimmerbyStockholmSwedenSwedishChildren’s literatureRight Livelihod Award 1994H.C.Andersen Award•relationshipsbetween an entityand specificinstances of the”name” by which thatentity is knownan authority record is defined as the aggregateof information about an instance of an entity whosename is used as a controlled access point forbibliographicr records in a librarycatalogue or bibliographic file419Rinduguren, Asut'uriduLingelun, Asitelide, 1907-2002Rindoguren, Asutoriddo, 1907-2002Lindgrin, Astrid, 1907-2002Lindjrin, Astrid, 1907-2002Lindgran, Astrid, 1907-2002Lindgirin, Astrid, 1907-2002Lingran, Ästrid, 1907-2002Lindgrin, Astrid, 1907-2002Lindjrin, Astrid, 1907-2002Lindgrene, Astrida, 1907-2002Lindgrena, Astrida, 1907-2002Lindgrenová, Astrid, 1907-2002Lindgren, Astrida, 1907-2002Lindgr¯ene, Astrida,|1907-2002 NAME AUTHORITY FILELindgren, Astrid, 1907-2002management of the identificationof the  entity,which is  knownby one or several names,name variations, name forms etc.As a result users are able to getat the same time the aggregateof names or name forms relatedto the  entity and identify the entity20Relationshipse.g.earlier nameEricsson, Astridvariant nameEricsson, Annalater nameLindgren, Astridvariant names and alternative linguisticformsLindgren, Astrid (Anna Emilia)Lin'gedeng, AosiruiLin'gelun, AsitelideLimdgren, AstridRind???ren, As?t'?rid?Lindgren, Astrid, 1907-2002 Authority record:authorized form of name for theentity as  the preferred formvariant forms of name andrelated namesalso usedas controlled acces points21PersonFamilyCorporate bodyworkexpressionmanifestationitemconceptobjecteventplacerulesagencynameidentifierknown byassignedbasis forgovrned byapplied bycreated/modified byassociated withbibliographic entitiescontrolledaccess point22PersonFamilyCorporatebodyworkexpressionmanifestationitemconceptobjecteventplacerulesagencynameidentifierknown byassignedbasis forgovrned byapplied bycreated/modified byassociated withbibliographic entitiesNames andidentifiers aretreated as entitiesbecause this methodallows more clarity inshowing therelationships betweenthe entities on whichauthority data arefocused and thenames and/oridentifiers by whichthose entities areknownand on which thecontrolled accesspoints for thoseentities will be basedcontrolledaccess point23controlledaccesspointauthorizedheadingvariant headingexplanatory headingauthorityrecordreferencerecordexplanatoryrecordname and identifierasbasisforregistered as referenced fromreferenced formregistered inregistered inregistered asregistered inagencyrulesgoverncreated/modified byapplied bycreated/transcribed/modified/issued by24PersonFamilyCorporate bodyworkexpressionmanifestationitemconceptobjecteventplacecontrolledaccess pointrulesagencynameidentifierknown byassignedbasis forgovrned byapplied bycreated/modified byassociated withbibliographical entitiesA specific instance ofany of thosebibliographic entitiesmay be ”known by”one or more names,and conversely anyname may beassociated with oneor more specificinstance of any of thebibliographic entities.Similarly, a specificinstance of any oneof the bibliographicentities may be”assigned” one ormore identifiers, butan identifier may beassigned to only onespecific instance of abibliographic entity.525Why persons, families, corporate bodies (bibliographicentities) and the names and identifiers are treated asentities ?• for getting much more flexibility in thecontrolled naming• for eliminating redundancies that would occurif these entities were modeled as attributes• because the names e.g. for the entities personsand corporate bodies can be controlled in anauthority record and linked to other authorityrecords or to bibliographic records orholding records as needed 26Lindgren, Astrid1907-2002FinnishrulesNational libraryAstrid LindgrenAosirui Lin'gedengID-number999-99-7known byassignedbasis forgovrned byapplied bycreated/modified byassociated withbibliographical entitieswork27Lindgren, Astrid1907-2002Alla vi barn i Bullerbyn FinnishrulesNational libraryiAstrid LindgrenID-number xxx999known byassignedbasis forgovrned byapplied bycreated/modified byassociated withbibliographical entitiesworkexpressionmanifestationitempersonAlla vi barn i BullerbynISTWCxxxxxxxcreator/workas controlled access point28attributes• are defined at a ”logical” level i.e. as characteristicsof the entities to which they belong• in certain cases, the characteristics of a givenentity may change over time• (e.g. the field of activity in which a person is engaged).• but, this model does not make an explicitdistinction between such attributes and thosethat are not subject to change29entity: person entity:  nameattributes of a nametype of namescope of usagedates of usagelanguage of namescript of nametransliteration scheme of nameattributes of a persondates associated with the persontitle of personother designation associated withthe persongenderplace of birthplace of deathcountryplace of residenceaffiliationaddresslanguage of personfield of activityprofession/occupationbibliography/history”known by” relationship30work: nameknown byidentifierISTWCassignedattributes of a workform of workdate of the workmedium of performancesubject of the workkeyplace of origin of the workoriginal language of the workhistoryother distinguishuing characteristicattributes of anidentifiertype of identifieridentifier stringsuffixattributes of a nametype of namescope of usagedates of usagelanguage of namescript of nametransliteration schemeThe ”title of work” is treated as an attributeof the name by which that work is known.Through the relationship, however, theattributes of name and ifentifier function in thesame way as if they were defined as attributesof the associated entity.Jul i Bullerbyn631Relationships between persons,families, corporate bodies and works32§hierarchical relationship§sequential relationshipCorporate Body ð CorporateBody§genealogical relationshipFamily ð Family§membership relationshipPerson ð Corporate Body§membership relationshipPerson ð Family§pseudonymous relationship§attributive relationship§collaborative relationship§sibling relationship§parent/child relationshipPerson ð PersonSample Relationship TypesEntity Type33§equivalence relationship§descriptive relationship§whole/part relationship§accompanying relationship (part-to-part)§sequential relationship§derivative relationship§shared characteristic  relationshipWorkðWork34relationships between personspseudonyms relationship• under some cataloguing rules• entity person  as 1) real individual• under other cataloguing rules• 2) a specific instance of the bibliographic entity person may correspond to apersona adopted by an individual••••• Person Persona• The relationship between a persona Kristian Korppi and that person’s• real name Mika Waltari• usually expressed in authority data through links between authorized names given to each entity  (see alsoreferences) and/or information notes35relationships between persons• Person A    Person B Persona•Kapteeni Leo Rainioshared pseudonymMika Waltari Armas J. Pulla36other relationshipsbetween persons• attributive relationships• collaborative relationships• sibling relationships• parent/child relationships737relationships betweenpersons and families• Membership relationship• The relationship between a person and afamily of which the person is a member.• Example38relationship betweenpersons and corporate bodies•• Corporate Body ß à•• Group ßà Person39relationships between familiesProgenitorFamilyDescendentFamilyDescendentFamilyDescendentFamilygenealogical relationship 40relationships between corporatebodiesOrganizationSubunit Subunit Subunithierarchical relationship41sequential relationshipOrganization ASubunit Subunit SubunitOrganization ASubunit Subunit SubunitOrganization ASubunit Subunit SubunitBody A               Body B                 Body C42sequential relationship•• Split• BodyBody ABody  A1Body  A2843Body ABody BMergedBody44Relationships between Names andPersons, Families, Corporate bodies, andWorks• Entity Type                    Sample Relationship Types• Person ð Name• Name ð Name• real name relationship• pseudonym relationship• secular name relationship• name in religion relationship• official name relationship• earlier name relationship• later name relationship• alternative linguistic form relationship• other variant name relationships• Family ð Name• alternative linguistic form relationship45Relationships between Names andPersons, Families, Corporate bodies, andWorks• Corporate Bodyð Name• expanded name relationship• acronym / initials / abbreviations relationship• pseudonym relationship• alternative linguistic form relationship• other variant name relationships• Workð Name• alternative linguistic form relationship• conventional name relationship• other variant name relationships46Relationships between controlledaccess points• Entity Type                   Relationship Type• Access Point• ð Access Point• Parallel language relationship• Alternate script relationship• Different rules relationship• Name/corresponding subject termor• Classification number relationshipName/identifier relationshipRelationships in this category may be made explicit by means oflinking devices such as linking fields and control subfields47some examples48Jul i Bullerbyn [Text] /av AstridLindgren ; med bilder av IlonWikland].- Stockholm : Rabén &Sjögren, 1963. – 32 s. : ill.5 L b L c 0100 h Underv j Barnbwork expressionmanifestationitemsubject udk:839.7-3(024.7)949work/expressionJul i Bullerbyn [Text], 1963subjectudk:839.7-3(024.7)creator – work/expression -relationshipLindgren, Astrid, 1907-2002Wikland, Ilon, 1930-50Lindgren, Astrid, 1907-2002Jul i Bullerbyn [text].1963. SloveneBo??? v Hrupni vasi / Astrid Lindgren ;ilustrirala Ilon Wikland ; prevedel MarjanMarin?ek . - Maribor : Rotis, c1993. - : [31] s.: färgill. – (Zbirka Astrid ; v 7).Wikland, Ilon, 1930-Marin?ek, Marjansubjectudk:839.7-3(024.7)Zbirka Astridirka Astrid51Lindgren, Astrid, 1907-2002work/expressionJul i Bullerbyn [Text] Finnishsubjectudk:839.7-3(024.7)Melukylän joulu /  kirjoittanut AstridLindgren ; kuvittanut Ilon Wikland. -Porvoo :  Söderström, 1964 ;(Hälsingborg :  Hälsingborgs litogr.).[32] s. : ill.Wikland, Ilon, 1930-52collocating functionLindgren, Astrid, 1907-2002Jul i Bullerbyn [text] Danish, 1963Jul i Bullerbyn [text] Dutch, 1980Jul i Bullerbyn [text] Greenlandic, 1978Jul i Bullerbyn [text] Icelandic, 1968Jul i Bullerbyn [text] Japanese, 1967Jul i Bullerbyn [text] Lithuanian, 1970Jul i Bullerbyn [text] Norwegian, 1964Jul i Bullerbyn [text] Polish, 198553Bo??? v Hrupni vasi / Astrid Lindgren ;ilustrirala Ilon Wikland ; prevedel MarjanMarin?ek . - Maribor : Rotis, c1993.[31] s. : färgill. - (Zbirka Astrid ; v 7).Jul i Bullerbyn*author Astrid Lindgren [link]illustrator Ilon Wikland  [link]More about the children of NoisyVillage / by Linda Bergström … [et al]. – NewYork : First Run Features, [1998] …Lindgren, Astrid *Lindgrenová, Astrid*Vimmerby…Wikland, Ilon, 1930-*??k l?nd, ???nPääbo, Ilon…Marin?ek, Marjantranslator …Marjan Marin?ek [link]translator, slovene...Bergström, Linda*New York …tem-specificcarrier characteristicsProvenanceRestrictions on access…embodiesembodiesexemplified bywork recordekspression recordwork recordrealized throughaccess point control recordaccess point control recordaccess point control recordaccess point control recorditem recordRelational/object-oriented database structure according to Tom Delseymanifestation recordrelated work: More about the childrenof Noisy Village [link]related work: Jul i Bullerbyn [link]Lindgren, Astrid [link]Wikland, Ilon [link]54conclusion• FRBR and FRAD support together the idea tohave access to the content of the works in thelanguage, script and form, which is mostconvenient for the user• Using this kind of data modelling technique• it is possible to provide data structure, which isas much as possible independent of today’sformats and systems• and as such open for future systems1055 56• The WG decided to replace the structuredexamples and GARR formatting with textualstatements that describe the situation which theexample illustrates.  For example, the currentexample for “Secular name relationship” insection 5.4.1 Relationship between Persons andNames will be changed to the phrase “Therelationship between the pope known by thename ‘Pope John XXIII’ and that pope’s secularname ‘Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli.”57Relationships between personsand names• .  For example, the French working grouphas noted that several of the relationshipsin section 5.4.1 Relationship betweenPersons and Names (particularly the“Earlier name” and “Later name”relationships) are not Person-to-Namerelationships but are really Name-to-Namerelationships.  The Working Group has notfully resolved this issue pending therecasting of examples described above.

FRAD: the bright new future? Part 2

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Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto