The aim of the article is to present a new typology of paradigms of futures studies with
specific focus on decision-making. Possible roles of futurists and other actors in long-term
planning and decision-making processes are formed using logical analysis. The resulting seven
schools of thought are interpreted in the light of literature of futures studies and planning
theory. Connections to the philosophical discussion on the role of knowledge and values in
policy recommendations are presented as well. Some futures studies methodological applications
are attached to the paradigms. The new typology forms a gradient from technocracy
performed by professionals to direct citizen participation. Finally, the paradigm shift of Finnish
national transport futures studies is analysed using the new typology
