A proposed landfill site near Wheeler, Washington Co., Arkansas, was investigated for its hydrogeologic suitability. The site is located on the highly fractured, cavernous, and cherty Boone Ls. The site is a small upland valley 4500 ft. north of Clear Creek. The valley containing the proposed site is a karst dry valley in which precipitation rapidly infiltrates, recharging the water table and local springs. The water table around the site was mapped to determine the hydraulic gradient and direction of ground-water movement. The water table slopes in a SE direction from the landfill towards Clear Creek with a steep hydraulic gradient of an average 200 ft/mile. Water levels in wells near the site are 17-80 ft. below the surface of the valley. Specific capacity values of 0.54 and 0.94 gpm/ft. and transmissibility values of 257 and 301 gpd/ft were determined from two pumping tests in the unconfined and semi-confined Boone-St. Joe aquifer. These values indicate a relatively high permeability of the aquifer. The cherty soil to be used as a liner is inadequate due to its highly variable permeability. Therefore, the site as designed, is judged unsuitable. One large spring and five wells in the area were monitored for Cl⁻,NO₃⁻¹ and SO⁻² and found uncontaminated according to health standards. Since the Arkansas DPCE has granted permission for the landfill, these same sites will be monitored through time to detect any leachate contamination

Ogden, Albert E.

Quintana, Carlos J.

English

UARK (University of Arkansas )

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 33 Article 20 1979 Hydrogeologic Investigation of a Landfill Site in Washington County, Arkansas Albert E. Ogden University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, aogden@mtsu.edu Carlos J. Quintana University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas  Part of the Geology Commons, and the Hydrology Commons Recommended Citation Ogden, Albert E. and Quintana, Carlos J. (1979) "Hydrogeologic Investigation of a Landfill Site in Washington County, Arkansas," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 33 , Article 20. Available at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol33/iss1/20 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu. Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol.XXXIII,1979 55Hydrogeologic Investigation ofa LandfillSite inWashington Co., ArkansasALBERT E. OGDEN and CARLOS J. QUINTANADepartment of GeologyUniversity of ArkansasFayetteville, Arkansas 72701ABSTRACTAproposed landfill site near Wheeler, Washington Co., Arkansas, was investigated for itshydrogeologic suitability. The site is located on the highly fractured, cavernous, and chertyBoone Ls. The site is a small upland valley 4500 ft. north ofClear Creek. The valley containingthe proposed site is a karst dry valley in which precipitation rapidly infiltrates, recharging thewater table and local springs.The water table around the site was mapped to determine the hydraulic gradient and direc-tion of ground-water movement. The water table slopes in a SE direction from the landfilltowards Clear Creek witha steep hydraulic gradient of an average 200 ft/mile. Water levels inwells near the site are 17-80 ft. below the surface of the valley. Specific capacity values of0.54and 0.94 gpm/ft. and transmissibility values of 257 and 301 gpd/ft were determined from twopumping tests in the unconfined and semi-confined Boone-St. Joe aquifer. These values in-dicate a relatively high permeability of the aquifer. The cherty soil to be used as a liner is inade-quate due to its highly variable permeability. Therefore, the site as designed, is judged unsuit-able. One large spring and five wells inthe area were monitored forC\~ ,N0j~\ and SO- 2 andfound uncontaminated according to health standards. Since the Arkansas DPCE has grantedpermission for the landfill, these same sites will be monitored through time to detect anyleachate contamination.INTRODUCTIONInew landfill site for the Fayetteville area was chosen near themunity of Wheeler, Arkansas, as the old landfill at Johnsoni.Controversy over the proposed new site began. The landfill atison is on similar soils and rock types as the proposed new site,leaks leachate to the ground water. Therefore, concerned re-lts in the area requested that a hydrogeologic investigation beormed around the proposed site to test its suitability for wasteasal. The area was investigated by the authors, and a report wasented at a hearing of the Arkansas Department of Pollution Con-and Ecology in January 1978. This paper presents the data andInsic >ns of this investigation.LOCATION,GEOLOGY, AND SOILSThe Wheeler sanitary landfillsite is located in the northwest part ofsection 23, T17N, R31W (Figure 1) Washington Co., Arkansas.Topographically, the area consists ofa gently undulating uplands sur-face that is dissected by ephemeral tributaries that lead to the flood-plainvalleys ofClear and Little Wildcat Creeks. The landfill site is atthe head ofone of these tributaries.iegeology of the landfill is relatively simple. It is underlain byy fractured, cherty, and cavernous Boone Limestone ofMissip-age (Figure 2).The Boone is over 250 feet thick at the site, as in-ed bynearby water wells. Structurally, the site is along the axialof the "Wheeler Anticline" (Evans, 1952). Subsequent fieldlination has not demonstrated the existence of this structureig,pers. comm.). The rocks have a regional dip ofless than one:e to the southeast. Solution enlarged joints are common inbed-exposures in the area.The residual soils covering the Boone Limestone are characteris-tically red and are silty-clay and clay in texture, with a high contentofchert fragments. The site is primarily on the Baxter and Clarksvillecherty silt loam of 12-60% slope (Harper et al., 1969). Borings madeby McClelland Eng.Inc., (1977) at the landfill site were made up to adepth of 31 feet. The McClelland's (1977) report states the followingabout the soils at the site:"Due to the nature of the weathering and the presenceof broken and fractured chert seams and layers, massvertical and horizontal permeabilities of the strata arehighly variable".Figure 2. Cross section showing the generalized stratigraphy ofstudy area.theFigure 1. Location of the study area.55Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 33 [1979], Art. 20Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 197956 Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol.XXXIII,1979Hydrogeologic Investigation of a LandfillSite inWashington Co., ArkansasThis report further says that:"due to the inherent variability of the residual depositsof the Boone Formation, it is not possible to pinpointexact areas with high or low potential for leachateseepage . .."The U.S. Soil Conservation Service at Fayetteville, Arkansas,drilled several test holes at the site in April1976, These boringsshowed soils of moderate to high permeability and high percentagesof chert (Gaston, 1978). This report states:"The alluvial layer ofgravelly silt loam inthe bottom ofthe narrow drains, transmits water too rapidly for goodpollution control".A study by Ransom et al., (1975) which characterized the Clarksvillesoils as to their suitability for septic tanks, found that the ClarksvilleSoil Series has amoderate torapid rate ofdye percolation from sep-tic tanks.HYDROGEOLOGY: DIRECTION AND RATE OFOF WATER MOVEMENTCarbonate rocks are known by geologists tohave zones ofextreme-lyhigh permeability due to solution in favorable lithologies, jointedand faulted regions, and along bedding planes. Such factors havecaused a variety of researchers to recommend that carbonate rockareas not be used as landfillsites (Lessing et al., 1971;Parizek et al.,1971).Three important questions that must be asked when constructing alandfillthat has the potential forproducing leachate are:1) What is the lithologyof the underlying aquifer?2) How permeable is the aquifer?3) What direction does the ground water move inthe area?Recent investigations in northwest Arkansas have shown that theBoone-St. Joe aquifer is primarily unconfined with local semi-con-finement by dense chert and limestone beds (Willis,1978; Rezaie etal., 1979; Ogden et al., 1979). Wells commonly intersect caves andenlarged fractures. This secondary permeability is found in wells 1and 2 (Figure 3)located down slope from the landfillsite. The cavesthat were intersected by these wells are waterfilled primarily duringthe wet season, thereby supplying some water to the wells. Springsalong Clear Creek (Figure 3)are believed to be the ultimate dischargepoints for this water.The site is located in a karst dry valley that has flowing water onlyafter very hard rains. This indicates the high permeability of the soiland rocks in the area. To further investigate the permeability, pump-ing tests were performed on two wells downslope from the site(Figure 3, wells 1 and 3). The wells were pumped for 30 min. andallowed torecover for 1hr. The coefficient of transmissibility (T) andspecific capacity (C) were then calculated using the methods of Jacob(1963). Specific capacity values of0.54 and 0.94 gpm/ft and transmis-sibility values of 257 and 301 gpd/ft were found for wells 1 and 3,respectively. Acomparison of these values to the median C and Tvalues (0.29 gpm/ft and 176 gpd/ft, respectively) from 32 pumpingtests performed inthe Boone-St. Joe aquifer of Benton and Washing-ton Counties (Rezaie et al., 1979), indicates that the permeability atthe landfill site is high. The direct implication of this is that the water,and thus the leachate that may be produced from the landfill, willrapidly move through the soil and rocks with little chance for purifi-cation.Inan unconfined aquifer such as the Boone-St. Joe, it is expectedthat the water table willconform somewhat to the topography. Waterlevels were measured in wells in the area and the data used to con-struct a water table map in order to determine the direction ofground-water flow and slope of the water table. Water levels in thewells range from 17-80 feet below the land surface with greaterdepths occurring inupland wells. The water level data indicate thatthe water table slopes in a southeast direction from the landfilltowards Clear Creek with a steep hydraulic gradient of up to 200ft/mile.GROUND-WATER CHEMISTRYFive wells and one spring were monitored to determine the degreeof contamination that existed in the ground water prior to theemplacement of the landfill (Figure 3). Figure 4 shows the concentra-tions ofchloride, nitrate, and sulfate that existed in the sampling sitesduring several sampling periods. Allconcentrations were found tofall within limits set by the U.S.E.P.A. (1976). This data will proveuseful for later comparisons of water quality, now that the landfill isinoperation.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONSThis investigation was performed prior to construction of theWheeler landfill at the request of concerned local residents. Soils arehighlyvariable inpermeability and depth. The high chert content inthe soil and soil liner, along with the moderate to high permeability,suggests that any leachate produced willinfiltrate to the water table.Surface karst features and pumping tests, further substantiate the rel-atively high permeability of the soil and cherty limestone beneath. Arelatively shallow depth to water exists, and the local water table mapproduced from collected data shows a southeast direction of move-ment, and discharge probably via springs along Clear Creek. Thehigh transmissibility and specific capacity values and the steep hy-Figure 3. Location of the pumping tests and sampling sites inT17N,R31W and their proximityto the Wheeler Landfill.Figure 4. Concentrations of sulfate, chloride, and nitrate at thesampling sites.56Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 33 [1979], Art. 20https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol33/iss1/20Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol.XXXIII,1979 57AlbertE. Ogden and Carlos J. Quintanadraulic gradient of the water table indicate a rapid flow rate of theground water. Therefore, the site, as designed, is judged by theauthors to be unsuitable and likely to contaminate local wells,springs, and ultimately.Clear Creek.Monitoring of several wells and springs for water quality indicatesthat the ground water presently isnot contaminated and falls withinlimits set byU.S. E.P.A. (1976) with respect to chloride, sulfate, andnitrate. Future monitoring of these samples sites will show if andwhen the leachate enters and moves into the ground water system.LITERATURE CITEDEVANS, N. 1952. Surface structure of portions of Washington, Ben-ton, and Madison Counties. Arkansas. Ark.Oiland Gas Report#4303, 9p.GASTON, J. L. 1978. District conservationists, U.S.S.C.S., writtencommunication toMcGoodwin, Williams, and Yates ConsultingEngineer and Carl Carpenter.HARPER. M.D., W. W. PHILLIPS, and G. J.HALEY.1969. surveyof Washington Co., Ark. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conser-vation Service and Forest Service, 94p.JACOB, E. E. 1963. The recovery method for determining the coeffi-cient of transmissibility. U.S.G.S. Water Supply Paper 1536-1,pp. 283-292.LESSING, P. and R. S. REPPERT. 1971. Geologic considerations ofsanitary landfill site evaluations. W. VAGeol. Survey, Environ.Geol. Bull., No. 1,33 p.McCLELLAND ENGINEERS, INC. 1977. Subsurface investigation,proposed sanitary landfill, Harmon, Ark.Report presented toCarl Carpenter c/o McGoodwin, Williams, and Yates, Consult-ingEngineers, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 31 p.OGDEN, A.E., N.L. TAYLOR, and S. E. THOMPSON. 1979. Apreliminary investigation of the rural-used aquifers of Boone,Carroll, and Madison Counties, Arkansas. Proc. Ark. Acad. ofSci. (inpress).PARIZEK, R. R., W. B. WHITE and D.LANGMUIER. 1971. Landuse problems in carbonate terranes in Hydrogeology and geo-chemistry of folded and faulted rocks of the central AppalachianType and related land use problems, Part FV, Mineral Conser.Series, Circular 82, PSU, pp. 135-180.RANSOM, M. D., W. W. PHILLIPS, E. M. RUTLEDGE andD. T. MITCHELL. 1975. Waste water disposal by septic tanksystems in selected soils of northwest Arkansas. NW ArkansasRegional Planning Commission Report No. 2, Springdale, Ar-kansas.REZAIE,M. N.,A. E. OGDEN and W. H. WILLIS. 1979. Aquifercharacteristics of the Boone-St. Joe aquifer inNW Arkansas (ab-stract). Southcentral GSA abstracts. Vol. XI,No. 2p. 165.WILLIS,III,W. H. 1978. Relationship of photo-lineaments to wellyields and ground-water chemistry innorth central Benton Co.,Ark.Unpubl.M.S. Thesis, University of Arkansas, 104 p.U.S.E.P.A. 1976. Quality criteria for water. U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, Washington, D.C., 250 p.57Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 33 [1979], Art. 20Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1979

Hydrogeologic Investigation of a Landfill Site in Washington County, Arkansas

ScholarWorks@UARK

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of ScienceVolume 33 Article 201979Hydrogeologic Investigation of a Landfill Site inWashington County, ArkansasAlbert E. OgdenUniversity of Arkansas, Fayetteville, aogden@mtsu.eduCarlos J. QuintanaUniversity of Arkansas, FayettevilleFollow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaasPart of the Geology Commons, and the Hydrology CommonsThis article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able toread, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking priorpermission from the publisher or the author.This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academyof Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu, ccmiddle@uark.edu.Recommended CitationOgden, Albert E. and Quintana, Carlos J. (1979) "Hydrogeologic Investigation of a Landfill Site in Washington County, Arkansas,"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 33 , Article 20.Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol33/iss1/20Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol.XXXIII,1979 55Hydrogeologic Investigation ofa LandfillSite inWashington Co., ArkansasALBERT E. OGDEN and CARLOS J. QUINTANADepartment of GeologyUniversity of ArkansasFayetteville, Arkansas 72701ABSTRACTAproposed landfill site near Wheeler, Washington Co., Arkansas, was investigated for itshydrogeologic suitability. The site is located on the highly fractured, cavernous, and chertyBoone Ls. The site is a small upland valley 4500 ft. north ofClear Creek. The valley containingthe proposed site is a karst dry valley in which precipitation rapidly infiltrates, recharging thewater table and local springs.The water table around the site was mapped to determine the hydraulic gradient and direc-tion of ground-water movement. The water table slopes in a SE direction from the landfilltowards Clear Creek witha steep hydraulic gradient of an average 200 ft/mile. Water levels inwells near the site are 17-80 ft. below the surface of the valley. Specific capacity values of0.54and 0.94 gpm/ft. and transmissibility values of 257 and 301 gpd/ft were determined from twopumping tests in the unconfined and semi-confined Boone-St. Joe aquifer. These values in-dicate a relatively high permeability of the aquifer. The cherty soil to be used as a liner is inade-quate due to its highly variable permeability. Therefore, the site as designed, is judged unsuit-able. One large spring and five wells inthe area were monitored forC\~ ,N0j~\ and SO- 2 andfound uncontaminated according to health standards. Since the Arkansas DPCE has grantedpermission for the landfill, these same sites will be monitored through time to detect anyleachate contamination.INTRODUCTIONInew landfill site for the Fayetteville area was chosen near themunity of Wheeler, Arkansas, as the old landfill at Johnsoni.Controversy over the proposed new site began. The landfill atison is on similar soils and rock types as the proposed new site,leaks leachate to the ground water. Therefore, concerned re-lts in the area requested that a hydrogeologic investigation beormed around the proposed site to test its suitability for wasteasal. The area was investigated by the authors, and a report wasented at a hearing of the Arkansas Department of Pollution Con-and Ecology in January 1978. This paper presents the data andInsic >ns of this investigation.LOCATION,GEOLOGY, AND SOILSThe Wheeler sanitary landfillsite is located in the northwest part ofsection 23, T17N, R31W (Figure 1) Washington Co., Arkansas.Topographically, the area consists ofa gently undulating uplands sur-face that is dissected by ephemeral tributaries that lead to the flood-plainvalleys ofClear and Little Wildcat Creeks. The landfill site is atthe head ofone of these tributaries.iegeology of the landfill is relatively simple. It is underlain byy fractured, cherty, and cavernous Boone Limestone ofMissip-age (Figure 2).The Boone is over 250 feet thick at the site, as in-ed bynearby water wells. Structurally, the site is along the axialof the "Wheeler Anticline" (Evans, 1952). Subsequent fieldlination has not demonstrated the existence of this structureig,pers. comm.). The rocks have a regional dip ofless than one:e to the southeast. Solution enlarged joints are common inbed-exposures in the area.The residual soils covering the Boone Limestone are characteris-tically red and are silty-clay and clay in texture, with a high contentofchert fragments. The site is primarily on the Baxter and Clarksvillecherty silt loam of 12-60% slope (Harper et al., 1969). Borings madeby McClelland Eng.Inc., (1977) at the landfill site were made up to adepth of 31 feet. The McClelland's (1977) report states the followingabout the soils at the site:"Due to the nature of the weathering and the presenceof broken and fractured chert seams and layers, massvertical and horizontal permeabilities of the strata arehighly variable".Figure 2. Cross section showing the generalized stratigraphy ofstudy area.theFigure 1. Location of the study area.55Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 33 [1979], Art. 20Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 197956 Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol.XXXIII,1979Hydrogeologic Investigation of a LandfillSite inWashington Co., ArkansasThis report further says that:"due to the inherent variability of the residual depositsof the Boone Formation, it is not possible to pinpointexact areas with high or low potential for leachateseepage . .."The U.S. Soil Conservation Service at Fayetteville, Arkansas,drilled several test holes at the site in April1976, These boringsshowed soils of moderate to high permeability and high percentagesof chert (Gaston, 1978). This report states:"The alluvial layer ofgravelly silt loam inthe bottom ofthe narrow drains, transmits water too rapidly for goodpollution control".A study by Ransom et al., (1975) which characterized the Clarksvillesoils as to their suitability for septic tanks, found that the ClarksvilleSoil Series has amoderate torapid rate ofdye percolation from sep-tic tanks.HYDROGEOLOGY: DIRECTION AND RATE OFOF WATER MOVEMENTCarbonate rocks are known by geologists tohave zones ofextreme-lyhigh permeability due to solution in favorable lithologies, jointedand faulted regions, and along bedding planes. Such factors havecaused a variety of researchers to recommend that carbonate rockareas not be used as landfillsites (Lessing et al., 1971;Parizek et al.,1971).Three important questions that must be asked when constructing alandfillthat has the potential forproducing leachate are:1) What is the lithologyof the underlying aquifer?2) How permeable is the aquifer?3) What direction does the ground water move inthe area?Recent investigations in northwest Arkansas have shown that theBoone-St. Joe aquifer is primarily unconfined with local semi-con-finement by dense chert and limestone beds (Willis,1978; Rezaie etal., 1979; Ogden et al., 1979). Wells commonly intersect caves andenlarged fractures. This secondary permeability is found in wells 1and 2 (Figure 3)located down slope from the landfillsite. The cavesthat were intersected by these wells are waterfilled primarily duringthe wet season, thereby supplying some water to the wells. Springsalong Clear Creek (Figure 3)are believed to be the ultimate dischargepoints for this water.The site is located in a karst dry valley that has flowing water onlyafter very hard rains. This indicates the high permeability of the soiland rocks in the area. To further investigate the permeability, pump-ing tests were performed on two wells downslope from the site(Figure 3, wells 1 and 3). The wells were pumped for 30 min. andallowed torecover for 1hr. The coefficient of transmissibility (T) andspecific capacity (C) were then calculated using the methods of Jacob(1963). Specific capacity values of0.54 and 0.94 gpm/ft and transmis-sibility values of 257 and 301 gpd/ft were found for wells 1 and 3,respectively. Acomparison of these values to the median C and Tvalues (0.29 gpm/ft and 176 gpd/ft, respectively) from 32 pumpingtests performed inthe Boone-St. Joe aquifer of Benton and Washing-ton Counties (Rezaie et al., 1979), indicates that the permeability atthe landfill site is high. The direct implication of this is that the water,and thus the leachate that may be produced from the landfill, willrapidly move through the soil and rocks with little chance for purifi-cation.Inan unconfined aquifer such as the Boone-St. Joe, it is expectedthat the water table willconform somewhat to the topography. Waterlevels were measured in wells in the area and the data used to con-struct a water table map in order to determine the direction ofground-water flow and slope of the water table. Water levels in thewells range from 17-80 feet below the land surface with greaterdepths occurring inupland wells. The water level data indicate thatthe water table slopes in a southeast direction from the landfilltowards Clear Creek with a steep hydraulic gradient of up to 200ft/mile.GROUND-WATER CHEMISTRYFive wells and one spring were monitored to determine the degreeof contamination that existed in the ground water prior to theemplacement of the landfill (Figure 3). Figure 4 shows the concentra-tions ofchloride, nitrate, and sulfate that existed in the sampling sitesduring several sampling periods. Allconcentrations were found tofall within limits set by the U.S.E.P.A. (1976). This data will proveuseful for later comparisons of water quality, now that the landfill isinoperation.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONSThis investigation was performed prior to construction of theWheeler landfill at the request of concerned local residents. Soils arehighlyvariable inpermeability and depth. The high chert content inthe soil and soil liner, along with the moderate to high permeability,suggests that any leachate produced willinfiltrate to the water table.Surface karst features and pumping tests, further substantiate the rel-atively high permeability of the soil and cherty limestone beneath. Arelatively shallow depth to water exists, and the local water table mapproduced from collected data shows a southeast direction of move-ment, and discharge probably via springs along Clear Creek. Thehigh transmissibility and specific capacity values and the steep hy-Figure 3. Location of the pumping tests and sampling sites inT17N,R31W and their proximityto the Wheeler Landfill.Figure 4. Concentrations of sulfate, chloride, and nitrate at thesampling sites.56Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 33 [1979], Art. 20http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol33/iss1/20Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol.XXXIII,1979 57AlbertE. Ogden and Carlos J. Quintanadraulic gradient of the water table indicate a rapid flow rate of theground water. Therefore, the site, as designed, is judged by theauthors to be unsuitable and likely to contaminate local wells,springs, and ultimately.Clear Creek.Monitoring of several wells and springs for water quality indicatesthat the ground water presently isnot contaminated and falls withinlimits set byU.S. E.P.A. (1976) with respect to chloride, sulfate, andnitrate. Future monitoring of these samples sites will show if andwhen the leachate enters and moves into the ground water system.LITERATURE CITEDEVANS, N. 1952. Surface structure of portions of Washington, Ben-ton, and Madison Counties. Arkansas. Ark.Oiland Gas Report#4303, 9p.GASTON, J. L. 1978. District conservationists, U.S.S.C.S., writtencommunication toMcGoodwin, Williams, and Yates ConsultingEngineer and Carl Carpenter.HARPER. M.D., W. W. PHILLIPS, and G. J.HALEY.1969. surveyof Washington Co., Ark. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conser-vation Service and Forest Service, 94p.JACOB, E. E. 1963. The recovery method for determining the coeffi-cient of transmissibility. U.S.G.S. Water Supply Paper 1536-1,pp. 283-292.LESSING, P. and R. S. REPPERT. 1971. Geologic considerations ofsanitary landfill site evaluations. W. VAGeol. Survey, Environ.Geol. Bull., No. 1,33 p.McCLELLAND ENGINEERS, INC. 1977. Subsurface investigation,proposed sanitary landfill, Harmon, Ark.Report presented toCarl Carpenter c/o McGoodwin, Williams, and Yates, Consult-ingEngineers, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 31 p.OGDEN, A.E., N.L. TAYLOR, and S. E. THOMPSON. 1979. Apreliminary investigation of the rural-used aquifers of Boone,Carroll, and Madison Counties, Arkansas. Proc. Ark. Acad. ofSci. (inpress).PARIZEK, R. R., W. B. WHITE and D.LANGMUIER. 1971. Landuse problems in carbonate terranes in Hydrogeology and geo-chemistry of folded and faulted rocks of the central AppalachianType and related land use problems, Part FV, Mineral Conser.Series, Circular 82, PSU, pp. 135-180.RANSOM, M. D., W. W. PHILLIPS, E. M. RUTLEDGE andD. T. MITCHELL. 1975. Waste water disposal by septic tanksystems in selected soils of northwest Arkansas. NW ArkansasRegional Planning Commission Report No. 2, Springdale, Ar-kansas.REZAIE,M. N.,A. E. OGDEN and W. H. WILLIS. 1979. Aquifercharacteristics of the Boone-St. Joe aquifer inNW Arkansas (ab-stract). Southcentral GSA abstracts. Vol. XI,No. 2p. 165.WILLIS,III,W. H. 1978. Relationship of photo-lineaments to wellyields and ground-water chemistry innorth central Benton Co.,Ark.Unpubl.M.S. Thesis, University of Arkansas, 104 p.U.S.E.P.A. 1976. Quality criteria for water. U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, Washington, D.C., 250 p.57Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 33 [1979], Art. 20Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1979

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Hydrogeologic Investigation of a Landfill Site in Washington County, Arkansas

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