William Julius Wilson in The Truly Disadvantaged (1987) put forward the idea that concentrations of poverty in US inner cities was not all structural, deriving from the labour market, nor all the result of racial discrimination, but also it arose out of social forces in neighbourhoods where people were predominately poor. Simply put, living in a poor neighbourhood was said by Wilson on the basis of his Chicago evidence to increase an individual’s chances of poverty. Since then the idea of ‘ne..