A study of the effect of lenses and prisms on vertical ductions at 16 inche

Freeton, William E

O\u27Connor, Charles M

Priest, Paul W

English

CommonKnowledge

Pacific University 
CommonKnowledge 
College of Optometry Theses, Dissertations and Capstone Projects 
1-15-1958 
A study of the effect of lenses and prisms on vertical ductions at 
16 inches 
Charles M. O'Connor 
Pacific University 
William E. Freeton 
Pacific University 
Paul W. Priest 
Pacific University 
Recommended Citation 
O'Connor, Charles M.; Freeton, William E.; and Priest, Paul W., "A study of the effect of lenses and prisms 
on vertical ductions at 16 inches" (1958). College of Optometry. 205. 
https://commons.pacificu.edu/opt/205 
This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations and Capstone Projects at 
CommonKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of Optometry by an authorized administrator of 
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A study of the effect of lenses and prisms on vertical ductions at 16 inches 
Abstract 
A study of the effect of lenses and prisms on vertical ductions at 16 inches 
Degree Type 
Thesis 
Degree Name 
Master of Science in Vision Science 
Committee Chair 
Subject Categories 
Optometry 
This thesis is available at CommonKnowledge: https://commons.pacificu.edu/opt/205 
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A STUDY O F T HE EFFECT OF LENSES 
.A IL IJ PR I SMS 0 V ERTIC L DVOTIO S 
.... 0 ... 
Ortg~IudlResll'!ar(Jh presented ·to the faeult;r of the College 
of Optc.lm-etry~ Pacific Univ·ersity, in ·pat"tial fulfillmeni; 
of the :requirements t or the degree Doctor of Opto.rootry 
Ch.a:rlos M. O' Connor 
t{illiaro. E. Preston 
and 
Pa'Ul w .. Priest 
A STUDY 0 .. THE EFFECT OF PLUS AJ..lD MINUS LENSES BI DO PRISl1 
ON VERTICiiL DUCTIONS AT 16 INCHES 
INTJ!JPUOT_;roN 
Thia atttd:;r 'W"'a organized to oaserve the ef'feet o:· 
Jl'l. W dioptie anci. billocular vergence stilooll variabil.ity on 
verttea1 duotione s.t 16 1nches. 
The equipment used in this expertm · t ~s an lt.OJ 
:590 Phor-opter and en .A. O. Rotochart target eonsisting of a 
single 00/20 o.rizonte:l llne ,of letters. The rot.e.ry prisms 
Ur:J'Gd were 2 75 inehe _ .from the e-ye and 13. 25 1nnhes from the 
target. 
Instructions .... Vertiele Ductione . 
"Tell me when the line doubl es and tell me ~hen 
it is single • .~~ 
Testing Vertical Dttctions ... Base dowa to B/R then l3aee 
up to B/R. 
Through # 7A measured OD tbe:n OS. 
Through II- 7:A f. 1 .00 measured OD then os. 
Through # 7.A.8 6 BI measured OD then os. 
'l:hrougb .# 7A ... l.Oo measured OD then as. 
'1'hrough II 'lA:...: 6 BO mea$ured OD then os. 
Instructions .... Vertical Phoria. 
"While reading the stationary siD.f.le line of 
letters tell me U~'hen one line of let ers ~e even 
with the other line or letters" tr 
Testing Vertical Phoria -
Measuring Prism OD Base up to Base down direction. 
:Oisasocie.ting Prism OS Base 1n dU'sction. Then 
ing Prism. 
Controls for Usable Findings -
l. Vertical Phoria not Sh¢jzing more than i~ 
' 
2. Supra & Intra Puotions as measured on on in 
agreement wi tb Supra & Infra Ductions ae measured _ 
Qr.t os . 
SUPRADUCTION INFR~J)DC'HOJ~ 
B R 
J:B:iw.k for Supr"gyg§ton 
f d td ra2 f 4 fd 
3.90-4.00 2 14 2S .392 
3. ?'0-.3. 80 13 0 
.3. 50-.3.60 l 12 12 144 12 24 288 
.3.~-.3.40 u 0 ll 0 
3. lo-.;. :?D 10 0 10 0 
2.90-.3.00 7 9 6.3 567' 
2. '70- 2. 80 l s s 64 
3 9 ,36 243 
8 0 
2. 50-2. 60 .3 7 2l l47 J '1 2l 147 
2 .~-2.40 6 () l 6 6 :;6 
2. 10-2. 20 l 5 5 2S 
' 
0 
1 . 90-2. 00 9 4 :;6 U4 1,; 4 52 ~8 
1.70-1.80 .3 3 9 27 2 3 6 18 
1. 50-1.60 l 2 2 4 4 2 s l6 
1 . ,30-1.40 0 1 0 l 0 
l.lo-1.~ 2 0 0 
--
. 90-1.00 184 1514 
2 0 _.5L 
-153 956 
. 70 .. .so N -..: ~ -· 
ReeovE~ for §ttpragygtm 
2.85-3.00 
2. 55-2. ?0 2 7 l4 
2.25•2.40 6 0 
1.95-2.10 7 7 49 34.3 
1.6;-1. 00 1 6 6 .36 
3 s 15 
l 4 4 
1 • .35-1. 50 
' 
.5 15 75 4 J l2 
1 .05-1. 20 l~ 
"' 
4 52 208 18 2 36· 
.'15- .90 3 0 1 0 
•• 45- .60 2 2 4 8 Q 0 0 
.1;... . '$) 2 1 2 2 
0 2 0 
-.9.... 
""6'12 127' -81 
N - 3J 
-
r 
i 
I 
Sigma- •10V 
- 30 
Sigml) = • ~g X 102-5 
0.35 £1 
-
Bimaa f~ Sypraduction Recovetf 
Sigma= .15 -v·' 
30 
):) ( 672)- (127) ·2 
s~ _ . 15 x 64 
- 30 
. i Sigma = -N 
Sigma - d y 
- 30 
. T _ 7 
Sigma = · ~g X 72'1 
0.23 b 
.15 / ' Sigma = 30\ 
Si .1.5 ~ !J(j gma = }0 - ii>C 
Sigma = 
2.349 
DUCTIONS THROUGH # 7A ·e .f-1.00' 
, . 90-4,.00 
3. ?0-3.80 
3.50-3.60 
.3. ~:3.Jil 
.3.10'!0';3. 20 
2. 9()..;3. 00 3 
2. 70-2.80 
2.,5().2. 60 5' 
2.~2.40 
2.10-2. 20 
l . 90-2.00 13 
l . ?Q.l.BO 
1. 50•1.60 ) 
1 • .1;)-1.40 2 
1.10-1. 20 2 
.90--1.00 2 
R R 
P~eat .for §!lprgdUQtioQ 
d. td, td2 
10 30 ,:>() 
9 0 
8 AO '3 20 
7 0 
6 0 
' 
65 325 
4 0 
3 9 2'1 
2 4 s 
l 2 2 
0 
..JL 
9.S2 150 
H ~ 3) 
B,egovsa;dftt Sgpfaduejlioo. 
2.Ss-3.00 
2. 55-2. 'i0 
2. 25-2.40 
1.85-2.10 7' s ,, l'l.S 
1. 65-J.. OO 4 0 
1. 35-1. 50 2 3 6 18 
1.05-1. 20 lS 2 ~ 60 
.75- .90 1 1 3 3 
.45- .60 .3 0 0 
.15- ,.$) 
~ 
-
;a 
'74 . 25i. ·O 
f d t'd 
2 10 20 
9' 0 
2 a 16 ,. 0 
l 
' 
6 
12 5 6o 
4 0 
6 
.3 16 
2 0 
s 1 5 
............. 
125 
6 ? 42 
l 6 6 
3 5 lS 
12 4 4S 
1 3 J 
3 2 6 
2 l .2 
2 0 
.JL 
122 
2:)0 
128 
,36 
3JO 
54 
5 
-'123 
294 
.36 
75 
192 
9 
12 
2 
.............. 
63> 
CALCULATIOl'fS ll'aR DUCTIONS THROUGH II ?A f. 1 .00 
30 (982) -(150) 2 
= 
• 15 :::. Sigm.a = 30 X ,34.;.~ 
SiMTI __ £1 - .!l. """\I 
!';,-" - 30 \ 
S""""""" - .!.1:. ~ .... - 30 
::: 
Sigma = .15_ y 
30 . 
Sigma = ·~~ X 61 
= 
-. _- _., .. ' . . .- . 
- . 
DUOT!Ol S SOUGH (I 7A ':! 6 BI 
SUPRADUCi!ON INFRADUO?ION 
B R B 
. B~ea..~ for Supr51{iyption 
3. 90-4.00 
.3.70-.3. 80 
,3.;o...3.60 
3·30·3.40 
.3.10-.3. 20 
2 .• 90•.3. 00 
2.?'0-2.80 
2. 50-2. 60 
2. 30-2.40 
2.10 ... 2.20 
1.90-2.00 
1 •70-1. 80 
l . ;o.-1.60 
1.30-1.40 
1.10-1.20 
.90-1.00 
• '70- .so 
2. 85-3 .. 00 
2. 55-.2. 70 
2.25-2.40 
d 
:3 9 
8 
' '1 6 
l ' J.4 4 
1 3 
' 2 1 
3 0 
1 . 9_S•2. JO 7 ., 
6 
5 
4 
3 
2 
1 
0 
1.6; .... 1. e<J 3 
1 • .35-l.SO 4 
1 .05-1.20 10 
.7; ... . 90 1 
.45• .6o 3 
.l.s. •:IJ 
0 2 
fd 
27 
0 
'' 0 ; 
56 
3 
6 
0 
0 
49 
lS 
20 
40 
3 
6 
0' 
-2-136 
243 
245· 
25 
224 
9 
l2 
343 
108 
100 
lffi 
9 
12 
-7:32 
r 
l 
5 
4 
10 
2 
a 
' 
.:3 
9· 
l 
9 
2 
~ 
7 7 1..,9 
6 0 
s 0 
4 20 90 
3 12 :;£' 
2 20 /1) 
l 2 2 
0 0 
- 41 
7 21 147 
6 0 
5 lS 75 
4 36 .144 
3 3 9 
2 18 36 
l 2 2 
0 0 
-
~ 
95 413 
CALCULATIONS FOR DUCTIOtJS THBOUG.'H # 7.A ::;6 BI 
I - u-- nq 
- -- A 
-
S~P'flla .10 .... 7_'ll: 
.... ~ = 30 ,.. ... 
Sir~ = Sigma = 0. 29 6 
Mean 
--
3.90-4.00 
"'70380 ..,. . -.. .
:; .;o-3.60 
3 • .30-3.40 
;3.10-3.00 
2. 90-3.00 
2.-70~2•.80 
2. 50 ... 2·.-6o 
2 .• :3()•2.40 
2.J.o ... 2. 20 
1.~2.00 
1. 70-1.00 
1. 50-1,60 
1.30-'1.40 
1 . 10-1.20 
. 90 .... 1 .. 00 
. 70- .. eo 
2.85- 3 .. 00 
2. '55-.2/70 
2.25-2.40 
1.95 .. 2.10 
1.,65-1 .• 00 
1.35-1,50 
1.05-1.120 
.75· .so 
.45 ... .r:o 
.1!)- . JJ 
0 
DUCTIONS THROUGH 7li c • 1 .,00 
St1J?FRADUCTION INFRADliCT!ON 
B R B R 
·-
·-1 .975 l.OSj 1,791 o,ru 
Iffiemc:t2r SuprNqgtion 
f d t"d fd2 
l 10 10 100 
2 9 lS 162 
s 0 
2 1 l4 98 
6 0 
5 0 
16 4 64 2$6 
3 3 9 2.7 
3 2 6 12 
1 0 
.3 0 0 
~ 655 . N ·- .30 l 2l 
Jlecoven Jor;. SYQ;tad;untion 
2 9 lB 162 
,g 0 
2 7 14 ~ 
3 6 18 lOS 
7 ; 35 17,5 
6 4 24 (~ 
:3 0 
4 2 8 16 
2 1 .2 2 
4 0 __.u... 
625 -119 
N 
-
~ 
r d 
.'3 '9 
8 
1 7' 
6 
2 5 
9 4 
2 3 g a 
1 1 
l ~ 0 
fd 
27 
() 
7 
0 
10 
36 
6 
16 
1 
Q 
-103 
24? 
49 
so 
lls4 
JS 
512 
1 
-1017 
!G.spv 'Efl''Jl for ~Jntradu~tion I 
2 s l6 128 
2 7 l4 98 
l 6 6 .36 
6 :5 )) l?O 
12 4 48 192 
3 0 
3 2 6 12 
J. 0 
4 0 0 
- 616-:-13) 
CALCULATIONS FOR DUCTIONS T!!IDUGH I! 7Ac- 1.00 
i s-t.-. .. = -
"'ef"""' N 
. 1 • v·· Sigma= 30 ' , 5009 l99JJ. 
Sigma = 3~ 71 
Sigma = Sigma = 
sigma = • ~V .. ;o(625)-(l19) 2 
4589 40SO 
Sig1na = ·~~ X 67. 5 
Sigma = 
lJtJCT:tONS TIIROUGH fl 7 A:; 6 BO 
SUPRADUGTlON INFRAJJUCfiON 
B R B R 
1226 -Mean= 2al~ ~. !J,JJj . ' 
_Ere~ .for Suttradooti on Break for M!:educt~on 
t d fd fcr2 t d fd fd2 
3.90-4.00 
,~'70-.3.00 
3.50-3.60 1 lO 10 100 ) • .30-3.40 9 0 
.3.10-.3. 3> 1 s 8 64 
2. 90- 3.00 2 7 l4 98 
2. 70•2. 80 .l; 0 
2.50-2. 60 2 5 10 50 l 7 7 49 
2. 30 ... 2.40 4 0 6 0 
2.10 ... 2. 20 2 "' 6 18 2 
' 
10 SG .) 
l .. ~.oo 16 2 32 64 4 4 16 64 
l •. ?O-l.SO 1 0 5 3 lS 45 
l ... so-l.6o· 6 0 0 6 2 12 24 
l .,JQ .... l ,.iJJ 1 0 
l.. lG-1.2) 12 0 0 
-~~1100 
.• '10- .so N ~ )) 
-
-
~ 
·-80 394 ~· 232 
E_ecmrs:t:i fpr Snprsgue_tj,on leewip!X .. :t:~ - .mtrs4Uct!sm 
2. 8;-,3.00 
2.55-2. 'iU 1 8 a 64 
2.2S.2.40 7 0 
1.95-2.16 6 6 36 216 
1,. 65-1.80 5 0 
1.35-1.50 5 4 ~ so 3 ~ 15 ?S 
1.05-1.20 .IO· 3 .30 9.1 7 4 .28 112 
. 75- . 90 l 2 2 4 2 3 6 18 
.4.5- .60 5 l ; 5 8 2 16 32 
.l; ... • .30 2 0 0 2 1 2 2 
0 
-
8 0 0 
-
- -101 459 &7 ~9 
N= 'SJ 
Sigma = _3~ X 74 
30{459) - (lOl) 2 
Sigma= ·~~Y 
Sigma = 
!i -
Sigma = _;; Y . .'}(232)-{60) 2 
s .1 
- 30 
= o.l9A 
Si,mor,:n. - .15 V"' 
~:>- - 30 
= 
Thi.s studzr indi·ctated that J1he medial 
dieptie and binocular verg~noe stimuli varia .... 
bility had no :f'feot on vertical dttctions at 16 
inehes. 
'!'he variabili-ty shown in the data can be 
attributed. to ·th grC\Ss calibration. or the rot.a:ry 
pr.1ems .. 
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A study of the effect of lenses and prisms on vertical ductions at 16 inches

https://commons.pacificu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2428&amp;context=opt

A study of the effect of lenses and prisms on vertical ductions at 16 inches

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