'Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering'
Doi
Abstract
Geophysical subsurface investigations use the principles of physics to unravel intrinsic Earth’s subsurface features and nature of the underlying geology. Over the past two decades, the use of Seismic Refraction Tomography (SRT) and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) for subsurface investigations has greatly improved the quality of acquired data for two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) surveys. SRT employs more shotpoints and receivers than the conventional seismic refraction for its imaging technique. ERT uses automated multi-electrode array systems to improve the confidence of large and dense data collection. SRT and ERT techniques use powerful inversion algorithms to achieve high resolution subsurface inversion models for resolving subsurface characteristics and geological conditions over a complex and larger area that may be difficult with the use of their conventional methods. The 2D and 3D inversion models (tomograms) generated from the field data sets of these techniques efficiently ameliorate inaccurate subsurface boundaries and structural delineation with higher depth resolution, especially the 3D inversion models for areas of complex geology. These state-of-the-art techniques have extensively been used for groundwater, environmental, engineering and mining investigations among others. This study provides insight from theories to data inversion techniques for the known tomography techniques (SRT and ERT) in use for subsurface investigations.Geofizičko istraživanje podzemlja temelji se na fizikalnim načelima kojima se objašnjava intrinistička priroda geoloških pojava. Tijekom zadnja dva desetljeća primjena seizmičke refrakcijske tomografije (skr. SRT) te one električne otpornosti (skr. ERT) značajno je povećala kvalitetu 2D i 3D interpretacije prikupljenih podataka. Tehnika SRT-a rabi veći broj točaka i prijamnika negoli konvencionalna seizmička refrakcija. Tehnika ERT-a koristi automatizirane višeelektrodne nizove s ciljem prikupljanja većega broja podataka na manjoj površini. Obje se temelje na naprednim algoritmima inverzije kako bi omogućile stvaranje visokorazlučivih modela podzemlja na kojima je moguće interpretirati složene geološke odnose. Stoga je primjena takvih 2D i 3D modela višestruka; za određivanje granica podzemnih tijela ili promjena u njima, opažanja podzemnih voda, rješavanje inženjersko-geoloških problema, u rudarskim istraživanjima itsl. Ova studija je obuhvatila teorijske osnove tih tehnika te nekoliko primjera njihove uporabe
