Faculty of Political Science - Center for International and Security Studies
Abstract
Od samih početaka diplomacije javlja se pitanje zaštite poslanika s ciljem neometanog obavljanja njihovih dužnosti (teorija funkcionalne nužnosti). Pravila međunarodnog prava o položaju diplomatskih predstavnika počela su se izgrađivati kroz nepovredivost glasnika i poslanika. S razvojem stalnih diplomatskih predstavništava u 15. stoljeću i prihvaćanjem prakse od strane većine aktera međunarodne zajednice, pravila zaštite poslanika postala su dio običajnog međunarodnog prava. Usvajanjem Bečke konvencije o diplomatskim odnosima iz 1961. godine, koja predstavlja kombinaciju kodifikacije i progresivnog razvoja međunarodnog prava, standardizirala se praksa primanja diplomatskih predstavnika te kodificiralo običajno međunarodno pravo vezano uz diplomatske imunitete. Istovremeno s jamčenjem imuniteta diplomatskim predstavnicima javljaju se i slučajevi njihove zloupotrebe s obzirom na različite mogućnosti interpretacije članaka Bečke konvencije. U radu se analiziraju pravila diplomatskih odnosa ugrađena u Konvenciju i njena teorijska utemeljenost, istražuje odgovaraju li odredbe Konvencije izazovima suvremenih diplomatskih odnosa, u kojoj mjeri Konvencija pruža prostor za zloupotrebu diplomatskih imuniteta, različite interpretacije njenih članaka te u konačnici nude moguća rješenja za problem zloupotrebe diplomatskih imuniteta u diplomatskoj praksi.From the beginnings of diplomacy, there is a question of the protection of diplomats with the aim of unhindered performance of their duties (the theory of functional necessity). The rules of the international law on the position of diplomatic representatives began to be built up through the inviolability of messengers and envoys. With the development of permanent diplomatic representations in the 15th century and the acceptance of the practice by the majority of international community actors, the rules of protection of diplomats became part of customary international law. By adopting the 1961 Convention on Diplomatic Relations, which presents a combination of codification and progressive development of international law, the practice of receiving diplomatic representatives was standardized and the customary international law related to diplomatic immunities codified. At the same time, with the guaranteeing of diplomatic immunities, the cases of their abuse emerged, given the different possibilities of interpretation of the Vienna Convention articles. The paper analyzes the rules of diplomatic relations contained in the Convention and its theoretical foundation, examines whether the provisions of the Convention are consistent with the challenges of contemporary diplomatic relations, to what extent the Convention allows for the abuse of diplomatic immunities, different interpretations of its articles and ultimately offers possible solutions to the problem of the abuse of diplomatic immunities in diplomatic practice
