A theory of the non-equilibrium double layer and of non-
equilibrium surface forces is presented. Departures from the
equilibrium state in the double layer are observed whenever there .
is flow in this structure. In the theory only external field influences
are treated. Dipolophoresis and diffusiophoresis are defined, and
conditions for a steady-state are described. Application of the
theory in interpreting phenomena of electrocoagulation, electrofiltration,
bubble flotation, and electrodeposition of polymers is
briefly discussed
