- The thesis is about the celebrations for the 50th anniversary of Italy's political unity (1909-1911), top moment between the national festivities of the liberal period. The topic is approached gradually: in a first part, by introducing the recent historical analytic tendencies about nation and celebration; then, by observing it from the Italian internal point of view; finally - in a chapter dedicated to the results of an original research - by following the intertwining of French diplomacy and press readings and the main international dynamics which involved the two neighbouring countries in that period