Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) has emerged as an optimized optical next-generation access network that is capable of providing high speed Internet to the ever increasing end-users carrying applications such as, voice communications (VoIP), standard and high-definition video, video conferencing (interactive video) and data traffic, at the minimum cost. However, although standardized, EPON presents network designers with several challenges. In this thesis, we address many of these issues and we propose appropriate solutions that we believe can be adopted by EPON designers. First, we introduce the technologies currently deployed and we motivate our work. Next, we overview the EPON technology along with its related work, and highlights the challenges it carries. Our main contributions start when we investigate the fairness issue in EPON. Here, a new intra-ONU scheduler is presented in order to provide every class of service (CoS) of every ONU with a fair access to the bandwidth allocated by the OLT. We then present the first admission control (AC) framework with all its rules and functionalities along with a new dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) designed especially for the application of AC. This framework will resolve the bandwidth guaranteed matter that stems from the lack of QoS flows protection. In our next main contribution, we discuss a possible upgrade of the current time division multiple access (TDMA) PON to a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) PON. This upgrade is evident with the continuous growth of Internet users, that makes traditional EPONs not capable of coping with this increase. Here, we present novel dynamic wavelength and bandwidth allocation schemes (DWBAs) to arbitrate the transmission of ONUs over multiple wavelengths. We then present three new DWBAs to support quality of service (QoS) in the new WDM-PON. We validate all the proposed models and schemes by conducting comprehensive experiments and extensive simulations, where performance is evaluated. Finally, we conclude our work and presents suggested future wor
