A number of collections from Africa identified as Phyllodon scutellifolius or Glossadelphus serpyllifolius belong to Bryocrumia vivicolor, previously known only from America and Asia. Phyllodon scutellifolius is known only from one (possibly two) collections from Madagascar, and Glossadelphus serpyllifolius is a synonym of Bryocrumia vivicolor

Buck, William R.

O’Shea, Brian J.

English

Hochschulschriftenserver - Universität Frankfurt am Main

103TROPICAL BRYOLOGY 20  (2001)Bryocrumia new to Africa Tropical Bryology 20: 103-107, 2001Bryophytes of Uganda. 5. Bryocrumia L.E.Anderson(Hypnaceae), a monotypic moss genus new to AfricaBrian J. O’Shea 1 and William R. Buck 21141 Fawnbrake Avenue, London SE24 0BG, U.K.2 Institute of Systematic Botany, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126,U.S.A.Abstract.  A number of collections from Africa identified as Phyllodon scutellifolius or Glossadelphusserpyllifolius belong to Bryocrumia vivicolor, previously known only from America and Asia.Phyllodon scutellifolius is known only from one (possibly two) collections from Madagascar, andGlossadelphus serpyllifolius is a synonym of Bryocrumia vivicolor.Amongst recent collections from Uganda(Wigginton et al. 1999) were a number ofcollections of a moss from wet rocks in forest,stones in streams and wet rocks in a waterfall.The moss was identified by M.J. Wigginton asGlossadelphus serpyllifolius P.de la Varde, basedon the original publication (Potier de la Varde1955). This moss was described from a 1948collection of Dr. Olov Hedberg from the MobukuValley, quite low on the eastern flanks of theRwenzori Mountains, Uganda; the descriptionand illustration are succinct but clear and explicit.In a review of Glossadelphus, Tixier (1988)included G. serpyllifolius in the synonymy of G.scutellifolius Besch. (” Phyllodon scutellifolius(Besch.) W.R.Buck), but without giving anyreasons, and apparently without examining thetype of G. serpyllifolius, which is in Potier de laVarde’s herbarium in PC, nor the type of G.scutellifolius, which is in BM, with an isotype inPC.   This has resulted in a number of recentAfrican collections of Potier de la Varde’s plantbeing identified as Phyllodon scutellifolius.Tixier (1988) also included Glossadelphusvivicolor (Broth. & Dixon) Broth. in thesynonymy of G. scutellifolius, but this species isnow treated as Bryocrumia vivicolor (Broth. &Dixon) W.R.Buck (Buck 1987). The typespecimen of Phyllodon scutellifolius has beenexamined, and Glossadelphus serpyllifolius isclearly a separate species. The material recentlycollected in Uganda agrees perfectly with Potierde la Varde’s type collection and his publisheddescription and illustration of G. serpyllifolius,but not at all with G. scutellifolius.   In addition,the type specimen of the Indian Glossadelphusvivicolor (” Bryocrumia vivicolor) has also beenexamined, and this also agrees remarkably wellwith the Uganda collections.All three taxa belong in the traditional rather laxconcept of Glossadelphus.   The genusBryocrumia was separated from Glossadelphus104TROPICAL BRYOLOGY 20  (2001)O´Shea & Buckand Taxiphyllum by Anderson (1980), andsubsequently Buck (1987) separated Phyllodon,pointing out that Glossadelphus was a synonymof Phyllodon, and thus species currently inGlossadelphus should either be moved intoPhyllodon, or transferred elsewhere.   The threegenera Taxiphyllum, Phyllodon and Bryocrumia‘lack clear definition’ (Anderson 1980), but canbe distinguished as shown in Table 1.Contrary to descriptions, all three genera have adiscrete short double costa, although this isn’talways easy to see, but stands out best in clearedspecimens, for instance mounted in Hoyer’ssolution.  The African plant thus falls within theconcept of Bryocrumia, a genus with only onespecies.Bryocrumia was created as a genus by Anderson(1980) because he believed that the taxon namedGlossadelphus andersonii did not appear to fitwell in Glossadelphus, and nor was it a good fitfor the only alternative, Taxiphyllum.Subsequently, Buck (1987) discovered that theIndian Taxithelium vivicolor was ‘almostidentical’ to Bryocrumia andersonii, and that ‘itmay indeed prove to be synonymous but fromthe limited material available it is slightly morerobust’, and he transferred it to the genus.   Healso commented that ‘an explanation is elusivefor a disjunction between southern India andSouth Carolina’.   Subsequently furtherspecimens have been found in both North andSouth Carolina as well as China, and the Africancollections complete the picture, of a taxon thatrequires high levels of moisture for large partsof the year, growing in or by water.   The presentdistribution suggests a relict presence of a plantmuch more widely distributed in the past, but stillable to grow in some abundance where theconditions remain suitable (see Figure 1).Bryocrumia vivicolor was based by Brotherus andDixon on a collection made by L.J. Sedgwick,and as Dixon was the recipient of Sedgwick’scollections, the specimen in BM from Dixon’sherbarium should be made the lectotype, and anyspecimen in H-BR is likely to be an extract fromthis.Bryocrumia vivicolor (Broth. & Dixon)W.R.Buck, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 45: 522.1987.Basionym: Taxithelium vivicolor Broth. &Dixon in Dixon, Rec. Bot. Surv. India 6(3):86, f.1:4a-h. 1914; Glossadelphus vivicolor(Broth. & Dixon) Broth. in Engl., Nat.Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 11: 444. 1925.Type: INDIA: Maharashtra. On stones in thebed of a torrent, Mahabaleshwar, 1220 m,Jan 1909, Sedgwick [23] (BM - lect. nov.,Taxiphyllum M.Fleisch. Phyllodon Schimp. Bryocrumiain Bruch, Schimp. & L.E.AndersonW.GümbelLeaf shape Narrowly ovate to lingulate Elliptic to oblong-ovate, Elliptic to oblong-ovate,from a contracted base, from a contracted base,strongly concave flatLeaf apex Acute (sometimes bluntly) Truncate Bluntly obtuse to broadlyroundedLeaf areolation Cells pointed Cells blunt to rounded Cells blunt to roundedLeaf papillae Absent, but cells sometimes Present, obvious, and cells Absent, but cells veryslightly prorate  often prorate slightly prorateLeaf decurrency Not decurrent Not decurrent Slightly decurrentAlar cells Sparsely differentiated Not differentiated Differentiated withseveral rows ofrectangular cellsTable 1: Characters distinguishing Taxiphyllum, Phyllodon and Bryocrumia105TROPICAL BRYOLOGY 20  (2001)Bryocrumia new to AfricaBM000661471!).Paratype: INDIA: Tamil Nadu. Shembaganur,1911, Foreau (BM BM000661472 !)= Glossadelphus andersonii E.B.Bartram,Bryologist 54: 81, f.1-6. 1951;Taxiphyllum andersonii (E.B.Bartram)H.A.Crum, Bryologist 68: 220. 1965;Bryocrumia andersonii (E.B.Bartram)L.E.Anderson, Phytologia 45: 66. 1980;syn. fide Anderson, Crum & Buck (1990).Type: U.S.A. South Carolina: Oconee Co.,Lower Falls, Whitewater River, about 3miles NW of Jocassee, moist vertical rock,cool ravine, hemlock-hardwoodcommunity, 460 m, 6 Jun 1950, L.E.Anderson 9237 (FH - holotype; DUKE !,NY - isotypes !).= Glossadelphus serpyllifolius P.de la Varde,Ark. Bot. ser. 2, 3: 193. f.33. 1955.Type: UGANDA. Rwenzori: Mubukuvalley, at a small stream in montanerain forest, 2100 m, 19 Mar 1948,Hedberg 329c p.p. (PC !) syn. nov.Habitat: wet rocks in forest, streams,rivers and waterfalls, to 2300 m in Yunnan,2680 m in Uganda, but more usually 1000-1600 m in the tropics, and 400-500 m in theCarolinas.Distribution: U.S.A. (North Carolina,South Carolina), Zaire, Uganda, Kenya, India(Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu), Sri Lanka(Nuwara Eliya), China (Yunnan).Additional description/illustration:Crum & Anderson 1981: 1187 (as B.andersonii). N.B.: African specimens arecloser to illustrations of Dixon (1914) thanthose of Crum & Anderson (1981).Phyllodon scutellifolius (Besch.) W.R.Buck hasprobably been collected only once, from theisland of Nossi Comba, just off the north westcoast of Madagascar, as all references to thistaxon (Crosby & Schultze-Motel 1983) refer backto the type collection (Bescherelle 1880a: 311;1880b: 38; Wright 1888: 267; Renauld 1898:243; Renauld & Cardot 1915: 474). Appearingto contradict this point of view, though, Tixier(1988) refers to a collection in PC from Sainte-Marie, an island off the east coast of Madagascar,also collected by Marie. However, as EdouardAuguste Marie was resident as a French colonialcivil servant on Nossi Bé (an island adjacent toNossi Comba), there may have been confusioncaused by his name, although there is independentevidence that he did collect on Île Sainte-Marie(Dorr 1997). A duplicate of the collection labelledfrom Sainte-Marie is at NY in the MittenHerbarium. However, the only specimenavailable from PC appears to be the one seen byRenauld & Cardot (1915) (who stated that therewas one small specimen, and described a plantthat sounds the same as the BM specimen), andappears from the label data to be an extract fromBescherelle’s original Nossi Comba specimen,even sharing the same associated Callicostella(see below). Bescherelle’s herbarium is in BM,and the specimen there, which must be regardedas the type, is labelled ‘Taxithelium scutellifoliumBesch. Nossi Bé, M. Marie’ in Bescherelle’shandwriting.   Nossi Comba is a small island offthe south end of Nossi Bé, and althoughBescherelle is precise about the location in theprotologue, on other occasions he includes bothislands under the name of Nossi Bé (Bescherelle1880b).  In order to further confirm whether ornot this plant is the holotype, the other taxonmentioned in the protologue as collected with it,Hookeria nossiana, was also investigated.  Theplant was actually described as Hookeria laceransvar. nossiana (now Callicostella fissidentella)elsewhere in the same paper (Bescherelle 1880a)and there are specimens of that taxon also in BM.Although it was possible to find Callicostella inthe Phyllodon specimen, it was not possible tofind Phyllodon in the Callicostella specimen, sothe evidence is inconclusive, but nevertheless theBM specimen must be regarded as the holotype,and the PC specimen as an isotype. This confirmsthe taxonomic view of Buck (1987), placingTaxithelium scutellifolium in Phyllodon.Phyllodon scutellifolius (Besch.) W.R.Buck,Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 45: 521. 1987.Basionym: Taxithelium scutellifolium Besch.,Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 6, 10: 311;Glossadelphus scutellifolius (Besch.)M.Fleisch., Musci Fl. Buitenzorg 4: 1352.Type: MADAGASCAR: Nossi Comba, associé àHookeria Nossiana, août 1879, Marie s.n.106TROPICAL BRYOLOGY 20  (2001)O´Shea & Buck(BM - holotype, BM000661470 !; PC -isotype!)Specimens examinedBryocrumia vivicolorUSA: North Carolina. Jackson County:Upper Falls, Whitewater River, near Bohaynee,[35°02’N, 83°01’W,] 25 Aug 1949, L. E. Anderson8652a (DUKE); Transylvania County: ToxawayCreek, in Toxaway Gorge, 8 mi SW of Rosman,[35°05’N, 82°54’W,] 29 Jul 1952, L. E. Anderson11088a, 11089a (DUKE), East Fork, Thompson River,5 mi SE of Bohaynee, [35°03’N, 82°59’W,] 30 Jul1952, L. E. Anderson 11106a (DUKE). SouthCarolina. Oconee County: Lower Falls, WhitewaterRiver, ca. 3 mi NW of Jocassee, [35°00’N, 83°00’W,]6 Jun 1950, L. E. Anderson 9237 (Type ofGlossadelphus andersonii) (DUKE, NY), 9242a(DUKE), Lower portion of Coley Creek emptying intoThompson River cove portion of Lake Jocassee,[35°01’N, 82°58’W,] 15 Jul 1987, L. E. Anderson &C. Gaddy 25052 (DUKE); Pickens County: EastatoeRiver, near Rocky Bottom, [35°03’N, 82°49’W,] 25Aug 1976, L. E. Anderson 22264a (DUKE).ZAIRE: Kivu. Stone in waterfall in montane rainforest, between Pinga and Peti, about 120 km NW ofGoma, [1°00’S 28°43’E,] 18-23 Aug 1991, F. MüllerZ575 (Hb. F. Müller) (see also Müller 1995)UGANDA: Kabarole: Mubuku valley, at asmall stream in montane rain forest, 2100 m, 19Mar 1948, Hedberg 329c p.p. (PC). Rukungiri.Bwindi-Impenetrable Natl. Park, Buhoma, MunyagaRiver Trail (loc. 72), 0°58’50"S, 29°36’36"E, boulderin stream just outside forest edge, 1400 m., 1 Feb 1996,J.W. Bates U2340a (E); Bwindi-Impenetrable Natl.Park, Waterfall Trail, from track S from Buhoma (loc.70), 1°00’28"S, 29°37’41"E, wet rocks in upperwaterfall, 1700 m, 7 Feb 1997, B.J. O’Shea U5528a(E), M.J. Wigginton U8336a (E); Bwindi-ImpenetrableNatl. Park, Kigina R., W of track S from Buhoma (loc.73), 1°01’33"S, 29°37’09"E, rocks in small foreststream, 1620 m, 8 Feb 1997, B.J. O’Shea U5563 (E),M.J. Wigginton U8356c (E), U8358a (E), U8359b (E,NY 456549). Kisoro. Mgahinga Natl. Park, mid slopes(89b), 1°22’09"S, 29°36’05"E, steep shaded moist rockin gully, by forest path in bamboo zone, 2680 m, 10Feb 1997, M.J. Wigginton U8392a (E).KENYA: Central. Kiambu Distr., submergedin river, Chania River, Thika, [1°03’S, 37°05’E,] 23Oct 1934, G. Taylor 1177 (BM BM000662591).INDIA: Maharashtra. On stones in a stream,Mahabaleshwar, [17°56’N, 73°42’E,] Jan 1909, L.J.Sedgwick s.n. 27a (= 23) (?) (BM - holotype,BM000661471); stones in stream in Evergreen,Mahabaleshwar, 5 Nov 1918,  L.J. Sedgwick 4751 (BMBM000661476); stones in stream, Mahabaleshwar, 6Nov 1918,  L.J. Sedgwick 4775 (BM BM000661481);Lingmala Falls, Mahabaleshwar, ca. 1350 m, 10 Mar1962, A.E. Norkett 10178a (BM BM000662590). TamilNadu. Palni Hills, Shembaganur, [10°15’N, 77°31’E,]1911, Foreau (BM - paratype, BM000661472); PalniHills, Perumalmalai Shola, 2000 m, [10°15’N,77°31’E,] 5 Apr 1926, G. Foreau 222 (BMBM000661480); Palni Hills, Tiger Shola, 19 Jan 1927,G. Foreau 651 (BM BM000661479).SRI LANKA. Nuwara Eliya. Nuwara Eliya, rockin stream, [6°58’N, 80°46’E,] 26 Feb 1913, C.H.Binstead 204 (BM BM000661478); Nuwara Eliya,smooth rocks in shade near waterfall, Feb 1913, C.H.Binstead 354 (BM BM000661477).CHINA. Yunnan. Yangbi County, W slope ofDiancang Mt. Range, vicinity of Xueshahne abovevillage of Zhongshan, 25°43’N, 100°02’E, 2600-2800m, 15 Jun 1984, P. L. Redfearn et al. 278 (NY 456548);Yangbi County, W side of Diancang Shan Mt. Range,vicinity of Dajiuping, 25°50’N, 99°59’E, 2600 m, 2Jul 1988, P. L. Redfearn & Y.-G. Su 971 (NY 456547);Yangbi County, Diancang Shan Mountain Range,vicinity of Malutang, 25°46’N, 100°01’E, 2700m, 23 Jun 1984, P. L. Redfearn & Y.-G. Su 467(DUKE).Phyllodon scutellifoliusMADAGASCAR: Nossi Bé. Marie s.n. (BM - holotype,BM000661470; PC - isotype); Île Ste.-Marie, Maries.n. (NY 456552).AcknowledgmentsWe thank Molly McMullen at DukeUniversity Herbarium for sending us the localitydata of Bryocrumia from that herbarium, andCatherine Rausch for providing specimens fromPC.ReferencesAnderson, L.E. 1980. Bryocrumia, a new genus ofHypnaceae (Musci). Phytologia 45: 63-66.Anderson, L.E., Crum, H.A. & Buck, W.R. 1990.List of the mosses of North America north ofMexico. Bryologist 93: 448-499.Bartram, E.B. 1951. Glossadelphus andersonii, a newgenus to the United States moss flora. Bryologist54: 81-82.107TROPICAL BRYOLOGY 20  (2001)Bryocrumia new to AfricaBescherelle, É. 1880a. Florule bryologique de laRéunion et des autres îles austro-africaines del’océan Indien (Deuxième partie). Annales desSciences Naturelles, Botanique, sér. 6 , 10: 233-332.Bescherelle, É. 1880b. Florule bryologique de l’îlede Nossi-Bé. Revue Bryologique 7: 17-40.Buck, W.R. 1987. Notes on Asian Hypnaceae andassociated taxa. Memoirs of the New YorkBotanical Garden 45: 519-527.Crosby, M.R., Schultze-Motel, U. & Schultze-Motel, W. 1983. Katalog der Laubmoose vonMadagaskar und den umliegenden Inseln.Willdenowia 13: 187-255.Crum, H. 1965. A re-evaluation of Glossadelphusandersonii. Bryologist 68: 219-220.Crum, H.A. & Anderson, L.E. 1981. Mosses ofEastern North America. New York: ColumbiaUniversity Press.Demaret, F. & Potier de la Varde, R. 1977.Contribution à l’étude des mousses du Ruwenzori.Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique47: 409-434.Dixon, H.N. 1914. Report on the mosses collected byMr. C.E.C. Fischer and others from South Indiaand Ceylon. Records of the Botanical Survey ofIndia 4(3): 75-89.Dorr, L. J. 1997. Plant collectors in Madagascar andthe Comoro Islands. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.Müller, F. 1995. Neue und bemerkenswerteMoosfunde aus Zaire. Tropical Bryology 10: 81-90.Potier de la Varde, R. 1955. Mousses récoltées parM. le Dr. Olov Hedberg, en Afrique orientale, aucours de la mission suédoise de 1948. Arkiv förBotanik, Serie 2, 3(8): 125-204.Renauld, F. 1898[‘1897’]. Prodrome de la florebryologique de Madagascar, des Mascareignes etdes Comores. Monaco: Imprimerie de Monaco.Renauld, F. & Cardot, J. 1915. Les mousses deMadagascar. In: Grandidier, A. & Grandidier, G.(eds.) Histoire physique, naturelle et politique deMadagascar 39: 1-560.Tixier, P. 1988. Le genre Glossadelphus Fleisch.(Sematophyllaceae, Musci) et sa valeur. NovaHedwigia 46: 319-356.Wigginton, M.J., Porley, R.D. & Hodgetts, N.G.1999. Bryophytes of Uganda. 1. BBS TropicalBryology Group expeditions, 1996-1998.Introduction and collecting sites. TropicalBryology 16: 165-177.Wright, C.H. 1888. Mosses of Madagascar. Journalof Botany 26: 263-268.Figure 1.  World distribution of Bryocrumia vivicolor108TROPICAL BRYOLOGY 20  (2001)O´Shea & Buck

A re-evaluation of Glossadelphus andersonii.

Bryocrumia, a new genus of Hypnaceae (Musci).

Contribution à l’étude des mousses du Ruwenzori.

Florule bryologique de l’île de Nossi-Bé.

Glossadelphus andersonii, a new genus to the United States moss flora.

Introduction and collecting sites.

Katalog der Laubmoose von Madagaskar und den umliegenden Inseln.

Le genre Glossadelphus Fleisch. (Sematophyllaceae, Musci) et sa valeur.

Les mousses de Madagascar.

Mosses of Madagascar.

Mousses récoltées par M. le Dr. Olov Hedberg, en Afrique orientale, au cours de la mission suédoise de 1948. Arkiv för Botanik,

Neue und bemerkenswerte Moosfunde aus Zaire.

Notes on Asian Hypnaceae and associated taxa.

Plant collectors in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.

Report on the mosses collected by Mr.

Bryophytes of Uganda : 5., Bryocrumia L.E.Anderson (Hypnaceae) ; a monotypic moss genus new to Africa

Bryophytes of Uganda : 5., Bryocrumia L.E.Anderson (Hypnaceae) ; a monotypic moss genus new to Africa

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