Barbula flavicans D.G. Long replaces Barbula consanguinea (Thwaites & Mitt.) A. Jaeger sensu Eddy. This is a variable species. The types of several mainly Asian taxa were studied. Fifteen taxa are proposed as new synonyms of Barbula flavicans. Barbula (?) anceps Cardot is Barbula arcuata Griff

Sollman, Philip

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1TROPICAL BRYOLOGY 25  (2004)Studies on Barbula flavicans.....Tropical Bryology 25: 1-6,2004Studies on Barbula flavicans D.G. Long and related taxaPhilip SollmanNetarisappel 2, 9076 LB St. Anna Parochie, The NetherlandsAbstract. Barbula flavicans D.G. Long replaces Barbula consanguinea (Thwaites & Mitt.) A. Jaegersensu Eddy.  This is a variable species. The types of several mainly Asian taxa were studied.  Fifteentaxa are proposed as new synonyms of Barbula flavicans.  Barbula (?) anceps Cardot is Barbulaarcuata Griff.In Eddy (1990), Saito (1975, as Barbulasubcomosa Broth.) and Sollman (2000), it is statedthat Barbula consanguinea is a variable species.Seen in this context, the author has studied thetypes, especially, and if possible, additional non-type materials of several Asian taxa belonging tothe section Hydrogonium (Müll. Hal.) K. Saitoof the genus Barbula Hedw. To clarify thetaxonomic confusion.Barbula flavicans D.G. Long, J. of Bryology 18:356. 1994.Type: ‘Nepal, Wallich (BM!)’Syn.: Tortula flavescens Hook. & Grev., Edinb. J.Sc. 1: 297. 1824. hom. illeg. nec Tortula flavescens(With.) P. Beauv. 1805, non Tortula flavescensBrid. 1806; - Barbula flavescens (Hook. & Grev.)Brid., Bryol. Univ. 1: 831. 1826. hom. illeg. nonRoehling 1813; - Tortula fuscescens Hook. & Grev.in Wallich, Num. List Herb. E. Ind. Comp. no. 7567,1832, nom. nud. (orthographical error for T.flavescens Hook. & Grev.); - Barbula fuscescensMüll. Hal. Syn. Musc. 1: 831, 1849, nom. inval.(Art. 34.1).Notes.1.For relevant literature, see especially Long(1994: 356-357) and also Townsend (1993: 672).2.All the Barbula (Tortula) flavescens andBarbula (Tortula) fuscescens collections at Herb.BM that I studied - in total 13 numbers - includingmaterial from the Herb. Hooker are identical.  Theyall bear axillary gemmae.  All these collections arereferred here to Barbula flavicans D.G. Long.New Synonyms of Barbula flavicans D.G. LongThe following names are proposed as newsynonyms of Barbula flavicans D.G. Long.  Theyare listed in chronological order of thepublications.Barbula tenuirostris Brid., Bryol. Univ. 1(suppl.): 826. 1826 (1827). syn. nov.2TROPICAL BRYOLOGY 25  (2004)SollmanType: Nepal, Wallich, fruiting, Hb. Hooker (BM!).Homotypic syn.: Tortula angustifolia Hook. &Grev., Edinb. J. Sc. 1: 298. 1824; Barbulaangustifolia (Hook. & Grev.) Müll. Hal., Syn. 1:603. 1849, hom. illeg. non Brid.Notes.1. Barbula tenuirostris Brid. and Tortulaangustifolia Hook. & Grev. are based on the same(type) material.2.In Hooker’s herbarium there is a reference toBarbula tenuirostris Brid. written in betweenbrackets on the type sheet.3. Wilson annotated the above collection„closely allied to T. (Tortula) flavescens (capsulenot seen)“.  This taxon is here treated as Barbulaflavicans D.G. Long.4.  All collections from Herb. BM named Barbula(Tortula) angustifolia that I studied are identical.Axillary gemmae are constantly present.  All thesematerials are here referred to Barbula flavicansD.G. Long.5. There is no original material of Barbulatenuirostris Brid. present at Hb. B-Bridel,according to H. Sipman at Hb. Berlin (pers.comm.. dated 29 Jan. 1997).Barbula sordida Besch., Bull. Soc. Bot. France41: 80. 1894. syn. nov.Type: (Vietnam), Annam, Prov. de Hanoi, Vo-xa,mont. Chua Hac, fruiting, with gemmae, 25 Jan.1888, H. Bon 3615, Hb. Bescherelle (PC, holo!).Syn.: Hydrogonium sordidum (Besch.) P. C.Chen, Hedwigia 80: 239. 1941.Notes.1. According to Chen (1941: 239) this taxon isvery near Barbula consanguinea (Thwaites &Mitt.) A. Jaeger (sensu Eddy).2. Barbula sordida is here treated also as asynonym of Barbula flavicans D.G. Long.Barbula scleromitra Besch., Bull. Soc. Bot.France: 81. 1894. syn. nov.Type: Vietnam (Nord), Prov. de la Ha Noi, KienKhê, fruiting, with gemmae, 14 Sept. 1887, R.P.3515, H. Bon, det. Bescherelle (PC, lecto!, selectedhere).Notes.1. The protologue mentions two collectionswithout indicating a holotype.2. In the above material, very interesting capsuleshape variation is present, varying from aboutcylindrical to more of less cupiform.3. The above collection is here treated as Barbulaflavicans.Barbula majuscula Müll. Hal., Nuov. Giorn. bot.Ital. n. ser. 5: 182. 1898. syn. nov.Type: China interior, Prov. Schen-si-mer, propeShan-gen-ze, in alveo fluminis Lao-y-huo, nonfruiting, with gemmae, 15 Mar 1897, J. Giraldi,det. Müll. Hal. no. 1825, Bryotheca E. Levier (BM,iso!).Syn.: Hydrogonium majusculum (Müll. Hal.) P.C. Chen, Hedwigia 80: 242, 1941.Barbula subcomosa Broth., Hedwigia 38: 211.1899. syn. nov.Type: Japan, Kiushiu, Kanagawa, ad rupes,fruiting, with gemmae, 7 Oct. 1860, Wichura 1400(BM, iso!).Syn.: Hydrogonium subcomosum (Broth.) P.C.Chen, Hedwigia 80: 236. 1941.Notes.1. The holotype in Hb. H-BR. was not availablefor study.2. Although Chen (l.c., p. 237) gives Wichura1400-a as type, the protologue states onlyWichura 1400.3. Wichura 1400-a at Hb. S-G.Roth was studied.This collection also belongs here.4.  Wichura 1400-b (Hb. H-BR.) was alsoexamined. This material is also a Barbulaflavicans D.G. Long.4. Some capsules in the type material aresomewhat asymmetrical.Barbula louisiadum Broth., Öfv. Finska Vet. Soc.Förh. 42: 97-98. 1899 (1900).Type: (Louisiade Arch.), Louisiades, RosselIsland, ad terram, non fruiting, with gemmae, April1898, W. Micholitz s.n., Hb. Brotherus (H no.027.60.02, holo!).3TROPICAL BRYOLOGY 25  (2004)Studies on Barbula flavicans.....Syn.:  Hydrogonium louisiadum (Broth.)Schultze-Motel, Willdenowia 7: 55. 1973.Notes.1. This collection was annotated by D.H. Norris(May 1986) as Barbula subcomosa Broth. Seealso Norris & Koponen (1989: 119).2. Eddy (1990: 178) placed this taxon into thesynonymy of Barbula consanguinea (sensuEddy).  I agree with this conclusion.  This taxonis here treated as a new synonym of Barbulaflavicans D.G. Long.Barbula obtusissima Broth. & Paris, Oefv.Finsk. Vet. Soc. Foerh. 48: 11. 1906, hom. illeg. etsyn. nov.Type: Nova Caledonia, ad amnem Dumbea, adterram, non fruiting, with gemmae, 10. 1904, leg.Le Rat (25) (Hb. H-BR no. 12.92.003, holo!).Syn.: Didymodon obtusissimus Broth., Nat. Pfl.ed. 2, 11: 528. 1925, hom. illeg.Barbula yunnanensis Copp., Bull. Séanc. Soc.Sci. Nancy 3, 12(4): 15. 1911, syn. nov.Type: (China), Yunnan, fruiting, with gemmae,1910, leg. R.P. Maire s.n., comm. G. Bonati, Hb. A.Coppey, stamped: Hb. J. Cardot (PC, iso!).Notes.1. The collection at PC bears the text, sp. nov.2. I consider the collection above as the isotypematerial. No fruiting plants were present.According to the protologue, at least somefruiting plants should be present.  Furthermore,the material agrees well with the type literature.3. This collection represents clearly a commonform of Barbula flavicans.Barbula lobayetensis  R.S. Williams, Bull.Torrey Bot. Club 42: 573. 1915. syn. nov.Type: Philippines, Luzon, Tayabas Prov.,Lobayet, on earth, fruiting, with gemmae, May1909, J.B. Leiberg 1258 (NY, holo!).Notes.1. The citation of the type collection in Norris &Koponen (1989: 119) is not quite correct.These authors placed this taxon into synonymyof Barbula subcomosa Broth.  I agree with them.The correct name is here treated as Barbulaflavicans.2. The type material (above) contains a note -likely in the handwriting of R.S. Williams - ‘nearB. (Barbula) consanguinea, but leaves morepointed’.Barbula dharwarensis Dixon („dharvarensis“),J. Indian Bot. 2: 182-183. 1921. syn. nov.Type: (India), Nigadi, 7 miles W. of Dharwa (W.Ghats), non fruiting, with gemmae, earth bank incompound of resthouse, 1919, L.J. Sedgwick, Hb.Dixon, ref. no. 5703 (BM, holo!).Notes.1. The plants in the type packet are in a badcondition.2.  A few non type collections bearing similarname were studied; they proved to belong toother taxa, e.g. Barbula javanica Dozy & Molk.and Trichostomum sp.Trichostomum birmense Broth. in Brühl, Rec.Bot. Surv. India 13 (1): 128. 1931. nom. nud.Material studied:  (Burma), Birmania sup.,Maymyo, Wetvin Hill, (near Mandalay), on rock,with gemmae, 2775 ft, 13 Dec. 1923, R. Sarup s.n.,det. Brotherus, no. 5667 (BM!).Note.1. This collection is here referred also to Barbulaflavicans D.G. Long.Barbula subdenticulata Dixon, J. Siam Soc. Nat.Hist. Suppl. 9 (1): 17-18. 1932. syn. nov.Type: (Thailand), Siam, Udawn, Loi Wang,Supung, on rocks in deciduous forest, by stream,fruiting, with gemmae, alt. c. 300 m., Mar. 1924,A.F.G. Kerr (78), hb. Dixon, BM!Notes.1. The type material is here considered asBarbula flavicans D.G. Long.4TROPICAL BRYOLOGY 25  (2004)SollmanBarbula obscuriretis Dixon, J. Siam Soc. Nat.Hist. Suppl. 9: 18. 1932.Type: (Thailand), Siam, Payap, Doi Sutep, oldplaster wall, fruiting, c. 600 m., 13 Nov 1922, A.F.G.Kerr (34), Hb. Dixon (BM).Notes.1. This taxon was placed in synonymy of Barbulaconsanguinea by Eddy (1990: 178).  I agree withthis.  I have studied only the non-type materialsnamed Barbula obscuriretis.Hydrogonium hygrophilum Hilp., Beih. Bot.Centralbl. 50 (2): 629-630. 1933. syn. nov.Type: (Sri Lanka), Ceylon, Perandeniya, im bot.Garten an Wasserrinnen, non fruiting, withgemmae, 800 m., 8 Feb. 1898, M. Fleischer [MusciFrond. Archipelagi Indici et Polynesiaci: Serie X(no. 451-500), 1908, no. 461] (L, iso!).Syn.: Barbula hygrophilum (hygrophila) M.Fleisch. in Hilp., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 50 (2): 632.1933. nom. nud.Trichostomum philippinense Iwatsuki & Tan,Kalikasan, Philipp. J. Biol. 8 (2): 195. 1979. syn.nov.Type: Philippines, Luzon, Ilocos Sur Prov., TiradPass, Mt. Tirad, Sitio Sisim, Barrio Mabatano,Conception, through secondary forest, on rock,non fruiting, with gemmae, s. alt, 7 May 1953, J.V.Santos 5701, det. E.B. Batram (FH, holo!).Homotypic syn.: Trichostomum brevifoliumBartr., Philipp. J. Sci. 87: 277-278. 1959, hom. illeg.;Trichostomum  bartramii Iwatsuki & Tan, Misc.Bryol. Lichénol. 7: 7. 1977, hom illeg.Notes.1. There is an annotation made by B.C. Tan in1984, - „This is better placed in Barbula close toB. obscuriretis Dix.“.  I agree with him.Taxa not available for study -Semibarbula ranuii Gangulee, Nova Hedwigia8: 148. 1964.Type: India, Ranchi Distr., prope cataractus, nearHudru Falls, in regione Chotanagpur, PresidencyCollege, fruiting, Oct. 1956, Gangulee 2400(CAL, holo).Notes.1.The type collection in Hb. CAL was notavailable for study.  Apparently no duplicates ofthis taxon were distributed.2. Compare also the short text in Gangulee (1972:721) below: Distribution.3. Judging from the protologue (including plates),this taxon is very likely identical with Barbulaflavicans D.G. Long.Other related taxa -Barbula seramensis H. AkiyamaRecently, Akiyama (1996) described, illustratedand discussed a new species, Barbulaseramensis H. Akiyama, which is related to therather variable Barbula flavicans D.G. Long.Seen in this context, I have checked the types oftaxa cited above and none of these match thenew species of Akiyama.  I conclude that Barbulaseramensis is a rather clear cut taxon next toBarbula flavicans.While working with unnamed or partially namedPottiales material made on loan from theherbarium at New York Botanical Garden, I cameacross three collections which were identified byme in October of 2003 as belonging to Barbulaseramensis.  These collections fit well the text,figure and key characters presented in Akiyama(1996).  No axillary gemmae were found in thesematerials.  They are not mentioned either in theoriginal publication of Barbula seramensis(Akiyama, 1996).The data for these new materials of Barbulaseramensis are as follows:(1) Indonesia, Java, Buitenzorg, fruiting, s. date,Kurz 919.916, mixed with Hyophila involuta andBryum (Hb. NY);(2) Indonesia, Java Occid., Prov. Preanger,Tjipeum, Bandung, Halioven waterfall, fruiting,c. 500 m., Sm. Harsar sn., 27 Feb. 1913 (Hb NY);(3) Indonesia, Java, Pasangrahan, Kamodjan, c.200 m., fruiting, M. Fleischer (54), 6 June 1913,with Weissia, Philonotis and others (Hb NY).Barbula sumatrana Baumgartner & DixonThis taxon seems to be known only from the type5TROPICAL BRYOLOGY 25  (2004)Studies on Barbula flavicans.....locality.  For this paper, the type material ofBarbula sumatrana Baumgartner and Dixon wasalso studied.  The data for the type collection areas follows:  (Indonesia), Sumatra, prope Padang,fontes calcarei, ad lacum media Singkarak, nonfruiting, c. 400 m., 6 March 1929, coll. C.F. Rutner4A, comm. J. Baumgartner (Hb. Dixon, BM!).Furthermore, I came across in the loan materialfrom Hb NY a Griffith’s collection which was badlylabelled: „Tortuloides ubique on banks“, s. date,Griffith no. 125. 147 (in Hb W. Mitten, NY).  Thismaterial was compared with the type of Barbulasumatrana (see above).  They match well.  Mixedin this collection are several plants of Barbulaarcuata Griff. in fruiting and with gemmae.  Verylikely the plants of this collection come from theIndian Himalayas, near Simla.  The nearest Griffithnumber I found is no. 129, which was collectednear Simla (India).  As such, Barbula sumatranalooks to be more widespread than was thought.I strongly oppose the suggestion of Eddy (1990,p. 176, below) that the cell ornamentation inBarbula sumatrana should approach that ofBarbula pseudoehrenbergii Fleisch. and its mostrelated taxa.  Barbula flavicans, Barbulaseramensis and Barbula sumatrana are obviously(closely) related.  They share especially the ratherdense, pluripapillose lamina cells, which obscurethe cell lumen.  To see the differences in the cellwall ornamentation, one needs toexamine the lamina papillae, if possible, in thegrowing shoots.  The differences of the threetaxa is shown in Table 1.rAdditional note -Barbula (?) anceps Cardot, Beih. Bot. Central bl.19 (2): 102. 1905, syn. nov.Type: Formosa, Kushaku, non fruiting, leg.Faurie no. 130, 6 June 1903 (Hb. J. Cardot, PC,holo!).Syn. Hydrogonium anceps (Cardot) Herzog &Nog., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 14: 60. 1955.Table 1.  Gametophytic character differences between Barbula flavicans, Barbula seramensis andBarbula sumatrana.___________________________________________________________________________B. flavicans B. seramensis B. sumatranaupper part of the lamina commonly upper part of the lamina commonly upper part of thelaminarather flat to weakly, widely rather hollow, to about tubulose hollowincurvate (in some leaves)leaf margins plane in upper part leaf margins often involute in leaf margins recurvedfrom aboveof the leaves upper part of the leaves base to 3/4 or 4/5 ofthe leaflengthaxillary gemmae constantly present, axillary gemmae not known axillary gemmae notknownalthough sometimes scarcewhen moist, leaf apex region when moist, leaf apex often curved when moist, leaf apexoftenstraight or nearly so to hooked (hamate) somewhat curvedwhen moist, many leaves circa plane when moist, many leaves keeled when moist, manyleaves keeled___________________________________________________________________________6TROPICAL BRYOLOGY 25  (2004)SollmanThis collection fits Barbula arcuata Griff. rathereasily, as described, illustrated and discussedespecially by Saito (1975).  The lamina cells inthe type material are smooth to slightlymammillate, with 1 of  2 tiny, low conical papillaeon a cell, but not obscuring the lumen. The leafshape is often triangular, tapering from a broader,cordate/hastate base, to a small, acuminate apex.The leaf margins are commonly recurved, fromabove base to near apex. The leaf apex is oftenslightly denticulate.  In some leaves the apex issomewhat small and blunt.  I found no gemmaein this collection.  A few rhizoidal tubers are,however, present, as described and illustratedby Whitehouse (1976) for Barbula arcuata.AcknowledgementsI wish to thank the late W.D. Margadant (Leersum)and also G. Zijlstra (University of Utrecht) fornomenclature advice; D.G. Long (Edinburgh) forallowing me to study a manuscript on the mosses ofNepal (checklist).ReferencesAkiyama, H. 1996. Taxonomic studies of mosses ofSeram and Ambon (Moluccas, East Malesia)collected by Indonesian -Chen, P.C. 1941. Studien über die ost-asiatischenArten der Pottiaceae I & II. Hedwigia 80: 1-76; 144-322.Eddy, A. 1990 (1991). A handbook of MalesianMosses, vol. 2. Natural History MuseumPublications, London.Gangulee, H.C. 1964. Additions to the Mosses ofEastern India and Adjacent Regions, I. NovaHedwigia VIII (1/2): 147-149 + plates.Gangulee, H.C. 1972. Mosses of Eastern India andAdjacent Regions, fasc. 3. Calcutta.Li, X.J., M.R. Crosby, 2001. Moss Flora of China,vol. 2. New York. English version.Long, D.G. 1994. Mosses of Bhutan II. A checklist ofthe mosses of Bhutan, Journal of Bryology18: 339-364.Long, D.G. 1995. The Musci Indici: its authors, typesand localities. Botanical Journal of the LinneanSociety 119: 1-33.Norris, D.H. & T. Koponen, 1989. Bryophyte floraof the Huon Peninsula, Papua New GuineaXXVIII. Pottiaceae (Musci). Acta BotanicaFennica 137: 81-138.Saito, K. 1975. A monograph of Japanese Pottiaceae(Musci). Journal of the Hattori BotanicalLaboratory 39: 373-537.Sollman, P. 2000. Studies on Barbula consanguinea(Thwaites & Mitt.) A. Jaeger sensu Eddy, apan-tropical species. Tropical Bryology 19:17-23.Townsend, C.C. 1993. New records and abibliography of the mosses of Pakistan.Journal of Bryology 17: 671-678.Whitehouse, H.L.K. 1976. Does Ceratodonpurpureus (Hedw.) Brid. have tubers? Journalof Bryology 9: 177-184.

A handbook of Malesian Mosses,

A monograph of Japanese Pottiaceae (Musci).

Additions to the Mosses of Eastern India and Adjacent Regions,

Bryophyte flora of the Huon Peninsula,

Does Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. have tubers?

Mosses of Bhutan II. A checklist of the mosses of Bhutan,

New records and a bibliography of the mosses of Pakistan.

Studies on Barbula consanguinea (Thwaites & Mitt.) A. Jaeger sensu Eddy, a pan-tropical species.

Taxonomic studies of mosses of Seram and Ambon (Moluccas, East Malesia) collected by Indonesian -Chen,

The Musci Indici: its authors, types and localities.

Studies on Barbula flavicans D.G. Long and related taxa

Studies on Barbula flavicans D.G. Long and related taxa

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