Neckera submacrocarpa may be recognized by the numerous paraphyllia to ca. 2 mm long, and distally rugose perichaetial leaves. According to De Sloover (1977), it occurs in montane forests and Senecio heaths between 2 400 and 3 650 m. The present material was collected between 3 400 and 3 700 m; one specimen was growing on rotten wood and the others on Senecio. Neckera submacrocarpa is endemic to Africa, being mainly distributed on the mountains of East Africa (Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zaire, Rwanda). A disjunct occurrence is located on Mt. Cameroon

Enroth, Johannes

English

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193Tropical Bryology 6:193-198, 1993Taxonomic Results of the BRYOTROP Expedition to Zaire andRwanda23. Neckeraceae, Pterobryaceae, HypopterygiaceaeJ. EnrothDepartment of Botany, P.O. Box 7, SF-00014 University of Helsinki, FinlandAbbreviations:*  New record for Rwanda viz. ZaireKB: Kahuzi-Biega (Zaire)Ka: Karisimbi (Rwanda)Ny: Nyungwe Forest (Rwanda)Ak: Akagera region (Rwanda)Ki: Kigali region (Rwanda)100-171, number of collecting site.For locality data and a description of the collecting sites see thecontribution by E. Fischer on the vegetation of the study area inthis volume (Tropical Bryology 8: 13-37, 1993). The speci-mens are deposited at the Botanical Museum Berlin as well asin the herbarium of the author (except for unicates).NECKERACEAENeckera Hedw.I follow De Sloover’s (1977) treatment of thethree species of Neckera reported here.Neckera submacrocarpa Dix.Neckera submacrocarpa may be recognized bythe numerous paraphyllia to ca. 2 mm long, anddistally rugose perichaetial leaves. According toDe Sloover (1977), it occurs in montane forestsand Senecio heaths between 2 400 and 3 650 m.The present material was collected between 3400 and 3 700 m; one specimen was growing onrotten wood and the others on Senecio. Neckerasubmacrocarpa is endemic to Africa, beingmainly distributed on the mountains of EastAfrica (Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zaire,Rwanda). A disjunct occurrence is located on Mt.Cameroon.Ka: 161, Pócs 8384; 162, Frahm 8096, 8247,Pócs 8086, 8232.Neckera platyantha (C. Müll.) Par. (Distichiaplatyantha C. Müll.)Neckera platyantha lacks or has only very few194paraphyllia which do not exceed ca. 0.5 mm inlength. Especially the branch leaves are oftenstrongly spreading, relatively long and narrow,and usually distinctly narrowed towards the apex.For the differences between this species and N.remota, see discussion under the latter below.This species is restricted to the mountains of EastAfrica (Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zaire, Rwan-da, Burundi) and encountered between (1 500-)2 000 - 4 000 m in montane forests and alpineheaths (De Sloover 1977). The Zairean andRwandan specimens reported here were collec-ted between 2 200 and 2 600 m. One of them wasgrowing on peat in a bog. The rest of the speci-mens were epiphytic in montane forests and(one) ericaceous heath.KB: 118, Pócs 6557; 128, Pócs 7607, 7614; 130,Pócs 7082; 131, Frey & Kürschner 6918; 133,Pócs 7198, Frey & Kürschner 6981; 139, Frey &Kürschner 7024; 144, Pócs 7574, 7793. Ny: 102,Pócs 6068; 114, Pócs 6708.Neckera remota Bruch & Schimp. ex C. Müll.Neckera remota can be distinguished from N.platyantha by the usually (but not consistently)shorter and relatively wider leaves with broaderapices; less strongly porose walls of the laminalcells; shorter (3-5 mm) inner perichaetial leavesmore abruptly narrowed above; more numerous(5-15 per capsule) apophysal stomata; mostly550-750 µm long exostome teeth; and smallerspores, (16)20-33(-45) µm in diameter.The geographic distribution of Neckera remotaencompasses Cameroon, Zaire, Ethiopia, Ugan-da, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, andMadagascar. It occurs between 1 500 and 2 600m (De Sloover 1977). The BRYOTROP speci-mens from Zaire were epiphytic and collected inmesic montane forest at 2 200 m and in bambooforest between 2 300 and 2 600 m.KB: 118, Frey & Kürschner 6533; 144, Frey &Kürschner 7509.Neckeropsis ReichardtAccording to a recent treatment by Enroth (1993),seven species of Neckeropsis occur in continen-tal Africa and the adjacent islands. Two speciesare represented in the present material.Neckeropsis lepineana (Mont.) Fleisch. (Neckeralepineana Mont.)The paleotropical Neckeropsis  lepineana wasdealt with by Touw (1962), and a map of its totaldistribution was presented by Pócs (1976). It iseasily distinguished from the other African spe-cies of Neckeropsis by its large size, transverselyundulate leaves with non-auriculate bases, andobsolete costa. The remote, irregular mode ofbranching, mostly rounded or truncate leaf api-ces, and short leaf cells distinguish N. lepineanafrom species of Neckera.In Africa, Neckeropsis lepineana is known fromCameroon, Gabon, Zaire, Uganda, Tanzania,South Africa, Comoros, Madagascar, and Réuni-on of the Mascarenes. According to Touw (1962),it grows epiphytically or on rocks from sea levelup to 1 700 (- 2 150) m. The two Zaireanspecimens were growing on tree trunks at 1 100m in primary tropical rain forest and at 1 300 min submontane rain forest.KB: 123, Pócs 6748; 124, Pócs 6777.Neckeropsis  madecassa (Besch.) Fleisch.(Neckera madecassa Besch.)This species can be distinguished from the fairlycommon N. disticha (Hedw.) Kindb. by the di-stinctly auriculate leaf bases and the filiformrather than leaf-like paraphyses in the perichaetia.Neckeropsis madecassa is very closely related tothe west African N. spuriotruncata (Dus.) Fleisch.In the former, however, well-developed limbidiaformed of elongate cells are present in both leafmargins, whereas in N. spuriotruncata the lim-bidium in the acroscopic leaf margin is short ordiscontinous and ill-defined, or sometimes ab-sent (Enroth 1993).The geographic range of Neckeropsis madecas-195sa includes Cameroon, Gabon, Zaire, Madagas-car, and Réunion. The two BRYOTROP speci-mens are somewhat different in aspect, since theleaves of Frahm 6608 are more strongly sprea-ding and slightly longer than those of Pócs 6612.In all other characters, however, the specimensare identical. Both were collected in primarytropical rain forest at the altitude of 850 m, onegrew on temporarily inundated riverbed rocksand the other on roots.KB: 119, Frahm 6608, Pócs 661.2Homaliodendron Fleisch.*Homaliodendron  piniforme (Brid.) Enroth(Pilotrichum piniforme Brid.)Superficially, Homaliodendron piniforme is fairlysimilar to Porotrichum molliculum; the distinc-tions are given in the discussion under the latterspecies below.Homaliodendron piniforme is distributed in theNeotropics and Africa (Enroth 1990). The Afri-can range encompasses Liberia, Nigeria, Came-roon, Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Mada-gascar, and the Mascarenes. The Zairean speci-mens were epiphytic and collected in primarytropical rainforest at 900 m and in submontanerain forest at 1 300 m.KB: 120, Frey & Kürschner 6586; 124, Frey &Kürschner 6674.Porotrichum (Brid.) HampeDe Sloover (1983) treated in detail five Africanspecies of Porotrichum, including the two repor-ted here. His paper lacked Porotrichum usaga-rum Mitt., endemic to Tanzania (Enroth 1991,1992).*Porotrichum elongatum (Welw. & Duby) GeppPorotrichum elongatum can be distinguished bythe relatively long, often prorate laminal cellsand the often obtuse-mucronate and cucullateapices of the branch leaves. A closely relatedspecies is P.  caudatum Broth., in which theapices of the branch leaves are sharper and plane,and the abaxial terminal spike of the costa isstronger.De Sloover’s (1983) distribution map shows thatPorotrichum elongatum is mainly distributed inthe continental Africa between ca. 10°N and10°S. It is also known from Natal, Seychelles,Comores, Madagascar, and Mascarenes. TheZairean specimens were growing on tree trunksin primary tropical rain forest at 1 100 m and“summit forest of Mt Ilimo dominated byJulbernardia seretii and montane elements suchas Ocotea keniensis and Beilschmiedea sp.” at   1500 m. One of the specimens was mixed withLopidium hemiloma (C. Müll.) Fleisch. of theHypopterygiaceae. According to De Sloover(1983), Porotrichum elongatum occurs between150 and 1 800 m.KB: 123, Frey & Kürschner 6653, Pócs 6753(mixed with Lopidium hemiloma); 126, Frey &Kürschner 6706b.Porotrichum molliculum Broth.This variable species is characterized by therelatively wide leaves mostly with obtuse andmucronate apices; costa which ends in a distinctabaxial spike; smooth, short leaf cells; and stipeleaves which often are not as strongly spreadingas in the other African species of Porotrichum.The numerous misidentified herbarium speci-mens show that it has frequently been confusedwith  Homaliodendron  piniforme. As for thegametophyte characters, the fronds of the latterare usually clearly more complanate in appea-rance; the stipe leaves are always closely appres-sed; the stems lack a central strand; the costalacks a terminal spike or, at the very most, has avery indistinct one; and the upper leaf cells areclearly more regularly rhomboid to oval. Also thevery rarely encountered sporophytes of H.piniforme are different from those of Porotrichummolliculum (cf. Enroth 1990).Porotrichum  molliculum is distributed in thetropical Africa, the adjacent islands to the east,and a few localities in eastern South Africa; it isclearly commonest in tropical East Africa (De196Sloover 1983). The BRYOTROP specimens wereepiphytic and collected in submontane rain fo-rest at 1 930 m, submontane rain forest at 2 000and 2 100 m, montane rain forest at 2 400, 2 470and 2 500 m, at the upper margin of bambooforest at 2 600 m, and in Erica heath at 3 200 m.De Sloover (1983) gave the altitudinal range of600 - 3 500 m.KB: 131, Pócs 7115, Frey & Kürschner 6914;133, Frey & Kürschner 6975; 143, Pócs 7767;152, Pócs 7842, Frey & Kürschner 7519.Ny: 103, Pócs 6122; 110, Frey & Kürschner7918, 7921, 7925; 113, Frahm 6485.Porothamnium Fleisch.De Sloover’s (1983) revision pointed out that twospecies of Porothamnium occur in Africa. Inaddition to a few relatively minor gametophytedifferences, such as the typical “metallic” lusterand somewhat longer leaf cells, Porothamniumis distinct from Porotrichum by having a perfecthypnoid peristome. In the latter genus, the peri-stome is reduced: endostomal cilia are lacking orhighly rudimentary, the endostome segments areperforate rather than fenestrate below, and theexostome teeth are narrower and their dorsalcross-striolations are clearly less prominent,mostly restricted to the proximal parts of theteeth.Porothamnium stipitatum (Mitt.) Touw ex DeSloover (Trachyloma stipitatum Mitt.).Relative to Porothamnium variifolioides, P. sti-pitatum is characterized by the usually stronglydentate leaf margins, conspicuous abaxial spikeof costa, and thinner-walled leaf cells not di-stinctly porose in the alar region (cf. De Sloover1983).De Sloover (1983) gave the altitudinal amplitudeof 300 - 3 500 m for Porothamnium stipitatum.The BRYOTROP specimens were collected bet-ween 900 and 1 930 m in tropical and submon-tane rain forests and at 2 400 m in mesic montaneevergreen forest. Five of them were saxicolous,one epiphytic on branches, and one epiphytic ona tree trunk. The species is distributed throug-hout tropical Africa and evidently most frequentin East Africa.KB: 122, Frahm 6635; 123, Pócs 6768, 6773;124, Pócs 6785; 152, Pócs 7840, 7843. Ny: 110,Frey & Kürschner 7926.Porothamnium variifolioides De SlooverPorothamnium variifoliodes is distinguishablefrom P. stipitatum mainly by the usually lessstrongly dentate leaf margins and very indistinctto non-existing abaxial spike of costa. Also, thewalls of the leaf cells of P. variifolioides areslightly thicker and, in the alar region, morestrongly porose.The two BRYOTROP specimens were growingon the trunk of a tree in montane rain forest at 2100 m, and on soil in a bamboo thicket at 3 040m. Porothamnium variifolioides is a sparinglydistributed and apparently rare African species.De Sloover (1983) reported it from EquatorialGuinea (Bioko), Zaire, Rwanda, Tanzania,Madagascar, and La Réunion.KB: 147, Pócs 7744.Ny: 112, Frahm 6455.PTEROBRYACEAEArgent’s (1973, 1974) revision of the Pterobrya-ceae in Africa included a key to the genera. Myidentifications and the discussion below are basedon his treatment of the taxa.Calyptothecium Mitt.Calyptothecium hoehnelii (C. Müll.) ArgentIn this species, the costa is usually absent butsometimes it may be distinguishable and rea-ching to ca. 1/4 the leaf length. The only otherAfrican species with such costal characters isCalyptothecium pterobryoides Argent, which isonly known from the type specimen from Uganda.Calyptothecium hoehnelii can mainly be distin-guished from that species by the dioicous sexual197condition; ovoid, short capsules; longitudinalmedian furrows in the proximal parts of theperistome teeth; and spore diameter, which isvariable but up to ca. 40 µm. The present speci-mens lack sporophytes.Calyptothecium hoehnelii is essentially an EastAfrican species, but also known from SouthAfrica. According to Argent (1974), the speciesof Calyptothecium “appear to favour montaneforests of moderate altitudes”. The present speci-mens come from submontane rain forest at 1 930m, montane rain forest at 2 300 m, mesic montaneevergreen forest at 2 400 m, and Podocarpus-Psychotria forest at the upper margin of bambooforest at 2 600 m. Four specimens were epiphyticon tree trunks and one on branches.KB: 131, Frey & Kürschner 6913; 151, Pócs7811; 152, Pócs 7856. Ny: 110, Pócs 6400, Frey& Kürschner 7912.Orthostichidium C. Müll. in Dus.Orthostichidium  involutifolium (Mitt.) Broth.subsp. involutifoliumOrthostichidium  involutifolium is the singlespecies of this genus in Africa, represented bysubsp.  involutifolium and subsp. thomeanum(Broth.) Argent. In the former subspecies, theperichaetial leaves are lanceolate, taperinggradually to a long, slender acumen, and theperistome teeth are narrower, possessing distincttransverse processes. The perichaetial leaves ofthe subsp. thomeanum are ovate and more abruptlynarrowed to a long, piliform acumen, and theperistome teeth much wider, lacking conspicuoustransverse processes. None of the Zaireanspecimens reported here have sporophytes. Onlyone of them has female gametoecia and can thusbe identified by the shape of the perichaetialleaves. The vegetative characters of the threeother specimens are in accordance with thedescription by Argent (1974).Orthostichidium involutifolium subsp. involuti-folium was reported from Zaire (Kivu Province)by De Sloover (1979); a duplicate of the Zaireanspecimen cited by him is deposited in H. Thetaxon is also known from Guinea, Sierra Leone,Liberia, Ghana, Cameroun, Equatorial Guinea(Bioko), Nigeria, and Angola. It is epiphytic andencountered between 300 and 1 700 m (Argent1974). The four Zairean specimens were collec-ted at 850 and 900 m in moist or very wet tropicalrain forests.KB: 119, Pócs 6614, 6870; 122, Frahm 6634,6886HYPOPTERYGIACEAEHypopterygium Brid.*Hypopterygium mildbraedii Broth.According to Brotherus’ (1925) treatment, fourautoicous taxa of Hypopterygium occur in Africaand the adjacent islands to the east: H. mildbraedii,H. torulosum Schimp., H. torulosum var. kame-runiae Broth., and H.  sphaerocarpum Ren.Examination of the H and H-BR material of thethree former taxa showed that the differences arenot very convincing, but in H. mildbraedii theventral leaves tend to be slightly narrower andhave shorter aristae. In H.  torulosum and H.torulosum var. kameruniae the ventral leaves aremostly orbicular. The specimens Pócs 6506 and7837 have fairly wide ventral leaves, but theiraristae are clearly shorter and somewhat broaderthan in H. torulosum. I have not seen any mate-rial of H. sphaerocarpum, but Renauld (1889)described the ventral leaves as orbicular. Thelatter name has been used for plants from Mada-gascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius) (Crosby etal. 1983).According to Bizot & Pócs (1982),Hypopterygium mildbraedii is distributed on theeast African mountains from Ethiopia toTanzania. It has also been reported for Malawi(Bizot et al. 1976). It occurs in montane forestsand may grow epiphytically or on shady rocks.The present specimens cover an altitudinal rangebetween 1 500 and 2 300 m. Two of them weregrowing epiphytically in montane rain forest andone on soil in “Lobelia mildbraedii - Cyperusdenudatus bog”. The Tanzanian specimens citedby Bizot & Pócs (1982) were collected between198500 and 2 600 m.KB: 126, Frey & Kürschner 6706a (mixed withLopidium  hemiloma); 152, Pócs  7837 (c. fr.juv.). Ny: 114, Pócs 6506Hypopterygium laricinum (Hook.) Brid. det. W.R.BuckThis species is characterized by dendroid plantswith differentiated underleaves. All leaves arebroad and bordered by hyaline, elongate cells.The costa is single and in the larger leaves endsabout midleaf, but is shorter in underleaves. Thelaminal cells are short (ca. 2:1) throughout.The plants grew in a mesic montane evergreenforest at 2400 m.Ny: 110, Frey & Kürschner 7913.Lopidium Hook. f. & Wils.*Lopidium  hemiloma (C. Müll.) Fleisch.(Hypopterygium hemiloma C. Müll.)Lopidium hemiloma is the single African speciesin which a limbidium formed of elongate cells isrestricted to one margin of the leaves, while thecells in the other margin do not markedly differfrom the laminal cells. According to Bizot &Pócs (1982), the species has previously beenknown from the Comores and Tanzania. Four ofthe present specimens, one mixed withHypopterygium mildbraedii, were growing epi-phytically at 1 500 m in montane forest. Onespecimen was collected from the trunk of a treein primary tropical rainforest at 1 100 m, and ithas Porotrichum elongatum (Welw. & Duby)Gepp of the Neckeraceae as a companion. TheTanzanian specimens cited by Bizot & Pócs(1982) covered an altitudinal range between 800and 1 450 m.KB: 123, Pócs 6753 (mixed with Porotrichumelongatum); 126, Frey & Kürschner 6701, 6706a(mixed with Hypopterygium mildbraedii), 6714,Pócs 6847ReferencesArgent, G. C. G. 1973. A taxonomic study of African Ptero-bryaceae and Meteoriaceae. I. Pterobryaceae. J. Bryol. 7: 353-378.Argent, G. C. G. 1974 (“1973”). A taxonomic study ofAfrican Pterobryaceae and Meteoriaceae. II. Pterobryaceae -continued. J. Bryol. 7: 563-602.Bizot, M. & Pócs, T. 1982. East African bryophytes, V. - ActaBot. Acad. Sci. Hungaricae 28: 15-64.Bizot, M. Dury, M. & Pócs, T. 1976. East African bryophytes,II. Collections made by L. Ryvarden in Malawi, S. E. Africa. -Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hungaricae 22: 1-8.Brotherus, V. F. 1925. Hypopterygiaceae. - In: Engler, A. &Prantl, K. (Eds.), Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, ed. 2, 11:270-278. LeipzigCrosby, M. R., Schultze-Motel, U. & Schultze-Motel, W.1983. Katalog der Laubmoose von Madagaskar und den umlie-genden Inseln. - Willdenowia 13: 187-255.De Sloover, J. L. 1977. Note de bryologie africaine VIII.Neckera, Neckeropsis. Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belgique 47: 31-48.De Sloover, J. L. 1979. Note de bryologie africaine. X. -Blindia,  Pilopogon,  Bryoerythrophyllum,  Orthodontium,Orthostichidium, Oligotrichum. Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belgique49: 393-408.De Sloover, J. L. 1983. Note de bryologie africaine XII.Porotrichum et Porothamnium. Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belgique53: 97-152.Enroth, J. 1990. Notes on the Neckeraceae. 3-7.Homaliodendron piniforme comb. nov. and new synonyms inPorotrichum,  Himantocladium and Neolindbergia. NovaHedwigia 51: 551-559.Enroth, J. 1991. Notes on the Neckeraceae (Musci). 9.Porotrichum usagarum, a neglected Tanzanian endemic, witha note on the growth pattern in the Neckeraceae. Ann. Bot.Fennici 28: 197-200.Enroth, J. 1992. New records for Porotrichum usagarum(Neckeraceae, Musci), a Tanzanian endemic. J. Bryol. 17: 159.Enroth, J. 1993. Notes on the Neckeraceae (Musci). 17. Ataxonomic study on the genus Neckeropsis in Africa. J. HattoriBot. Lab. 73: 159-173.Pócs, T. 1976. Correlations between the tropical African andAsian bryofloras. I. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 41: 96-106.Renauld, F. 1889. Notice sur une collection de mousses de l’îleMaurice. Suite 1. - Rev. Bryol. 16: 81-87.Touw, A. 1962. Revision of the moss-genus Neckeropsis(Neckeraceae) 1. Asiatic and Pacific species. Blumea 11: 373-425.199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217

A taxonomic study of African Pterobryaceae

A taxonomic study of African Pterobryaceae and Meteoriaceae.

Correlations between the tropical African and Asian bryofloras.

East African bryophytes, II. Collections made by L.

New records for Porotrichum usagarum (Neckeraceae, Musci), a Tanzanian endemic.

Note de bryologie africaine VIII.

Note de bryologie africaine XII.

Note de bryologie africaine.

Notes on the Neckeraceae (Musci). 17. A taxonomic study on the genus Neckeropsis in Africa.

Notes on the Neckeraceae (Musci). 9. Porotrichum usagarum, a neglected Tanzanian endemic, with a note on the growth pattern in the Neckeraceae.

Notes on the Neckeraceae. 3-7. Homaliodendron piniforme comb. nov. and new synonyms in Porotrichum, Himantocladium and Neolindbergia.

Notice sur une collection de mousses de l’île Maurice. Suite 1. -

Revision of the moss-genus Neckeropsis (Neckeraceae) 1. Asiatic and Pacific species.

Taxonomic results of the Bryotrop expedition to Zaire and Rwanda

: 23., Neckeraceae, Pterobryaceae, Hypopterygiaceae

Taxonomic results of the Bryotrop expedition to Zaire and Rwanda : 23., Neckeraceae, Pterobryaceae, Hypopterygiaceae

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