A new, phyllidiate, white-medulla species with yellow pseudocyphellae and a green photobiont, Pseudocyphellaria kalbii D.J.Galloway, is described from Brazilian collections, and typification and notes on P. aurora (De Not.) Vainio are presented

Galloway, David J.

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87Tropical Bryology 7: 87-92, 1993Nomenclatural notes on Pseudocyphellaria V: Some Braziliantaxa*D.J. GallowayDepartment of Botany, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW75BD, UKAbstract. A new, phyllidiate, white-medulla species with yellow pseudocyphellae and a greenphotobiont, Pseudocyphellaria kalbii D.J.Galloway, is described from Brazilian collections, andtypification and notes on P. aurora (De Not.) Vainio are presented.According to the literature the lichen genusPseudocyphellaria is represented in Brazil bythree taxa; P. aurata, P. aurora and P. clathrata(De Notaris 1851, Vainio 1890, Zahlbruckner1902, 1908, 1909, Malme 1934, Xavier Filho &Mariz 1970, Osorio 1977a, 1977b, 1985, 1992,Osorio & Homrich 1978, Osorio & Fleig 1982,1986a, 1986b, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990a, 1990b,Marcelli 1991. P. aurata and P. clathrata bothhave a green photobiont, yellow pseudocyphel-lae and a yellow medulla and form a species pair(Galloway & Arvidsson 1990) while P. aurorahas a green photobiont, white medulla and whitepseudocyphellae (Zahlbruckner 1902, Malme1934). It is typified here from authentic material.—————————* Part IV in Lichenologist 21: 88-89 (1989).While researching palaeotropical and SouthAmerican species of Pseudocyphellaria, Iexamined, inter alia some Brazilian collectionssent to me for identification by  Dr K. Kalb(Neumarkt). Kalb’s Brazilian collections contai-ned a new species with a white medulla, greenphotobiont, yellow pseudocyphellae and promi-nent marginal phyllidia, which is described be-low as P. kalbii.1.  Pseudocyphellaria aurora (De Not.) Vainio,Acta Soc. Flora Fauna fenn. 7: 184 (1890). -Sticta aurora De Not., Osserv. Sticta: 9, Tab.1,fig. 3. (1851). - Crocodia aurora (De Not.)Trevisan, Lichenotheca Veneta exs. no. 75 (1869).- Sticta aurata var. aurora (De Not.) Mü ll. Arg.,Flora 63: 264 (1880). Type: Casaretto s.n., Bra-sil, “Serra dos Organos” 1839 (BM - lectotypedesignated here, PC-LENORMAND, VER, W -88isotypes).Sticta aurata var. albocyphellata Müll. Arg.,Flora 63: 264 (1880). - Pseudocyphellaria al-bocyphellata (Müll. Arg.) Malme, Ark. Bot.26A (14): 9 (1934). Type: M.L. Deventer s.n.,Brazil, Petropolis (Brasilia) (L 910,213-1710 -lectotype designated here, BM, W - isotypes).(Fig. 1)Pseudocyphellaria aurora is characterised by awhite medulla, a green photobiont, sinuous,complex-imbricate lobes with sinuous, crenate-lobulate margins devoid of isidia, phyllidia orsoredia. It has white pseudocyphellae on thelower surface, a glabrous to partly pubescent ortomentose upper surface which is occasionallypunctate-impressed, and distinctly pedicellatemarginal to submarginal apothecia (Fig. 2).Spores are 3-septate, pale yellow-brown, straightto arcuate with pointed apices and evenly spacedlocules, (27-)29.5-34(-36.5) x 5-6.5 µm(Galloway 1986: 160). A characteristic, fertilespecies similar to P. clathrata (and like it deve-loping a characteristic brick-red colour on storagein the herbarium) and often occurring sympatri-cally with it, but distinguished by the white (notyellow) medulla, white pseudocyphellae, adiffering chemistry and longer spores (Galloway& Arvidsson 1990: 126).2. Pseudocyphellaria kalbii D.J. Gallowaysp.nov.Type: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Serra da Mantique-ira. Zwischen Registro do Picu und AgulhasNegras. In einem feuchten, lichten, beweidetenWäldchen, 2000 m, 15 March 1980, K. Kalb &G. Plöbst s.n. (Herb. Kalb - holotype; BM, Herb.Kalb - isotypes).(Fig. 3)Diagnosis: Thallus corticola, Pseudocyphella-riae arvidssoniae similis sed thallo minore, (4-)8-12(-15) cm latus, lobis rosulatis vel irregula-ribus; phyllidiatus, phyllidiis valde marginali-bus vel raro laminalibus, crebris, coralloideis,margibus tomentosis; medulla nivea; photobion-tus chlorococcoideus; subtus pallidus, densetomentosus, pseudocyphellis flavis, raro niveis;apothecia ignota; calycinum, acidum pulvini-cum et pulvinicum dilactonum continens.Thallus corticolous, orbicular, rosette-formingto irregularly spreading, (4-)8-12(-15) cm diam.,loosely attached centrally, margins ± free andsubascending. Lobes (2-)5-10(15) mm wide,rounded to irregularly divided to rather ragged-incised, 1-3(-5) cm long, ± discrete to closelycontiguous to complex-imbricate. Margins rare-ly subentire, more usually crenate or pectinate to± densely phyllidiate, narrowly deflexed, oftenwith minute, white, silky glistening, projectinghairs, slightly thickened below and commonlyfurnished with ± linear, discontinuous yellowpseudocyphellae. Upper surface bright lettucegreen to olivaceous when moist, pale glaucous-grey to buff tinged red-brown when dry to di-stinctly ochraceous in parts on storage, shallowlyundulate to plane, or irregularly pitted tosubfaveolate in parts, matt, with extensive smoothpatches to minutely scabrid-areolate in parts,often delicately white-pubescent at margins,delicate, fragile when dry, flabby when wet.Phyllidia frequent, mainly marginal but alsooccasionally laminal and there rather scatteredor more commonly developing from tears ofcracks in the upper cortex, fragile, flattened,dorsiventral, rarely simple, terete to furcate topalmately divided appearing squamiform, tocomplex- imbricate to ± coralloid, crowded, 0.2-0.8(-1.2) mm tall, margins glistening, delicatelywhite-pubescent above, lower surface with mi-nute yellow pseudocyphellae. Isidia, maculae,pseudocyphellae and soredia absent. Medullawhite. Photobiont green. Lower surface whitishto pale buff at margins, darkening slightly to-wards centre, ± uniformly tomentose from mar-gins to centre, tomentum medium to short, velve-ty at margins, ± woolly or shaggy centrally,whitish to buff or brownish to ± blackened cen-trally. Pseudocyphellae yellow (rarely white),numerous, conspicuous, 0.1-0.5(- 1.0) mm diam.,round to irregular to ± sigmoid or effigurate,decorticate area flat to slightly curved, marginsinapparent, concolorous with lower surface. Apo-thecia not seen. Pycnidia rather sparse, whenpresent often locally crowded, laminal, minute,slightly swollen, ostiole dark red-brown, to 1 mmdiam.91Pseudocyphellaria kalbii is distinguished fromP. arvidsonii by its white medulla, smaller andmore irregular lobes and apparent absence ofapothecia, and from P. aurora by the mainlyyellow pseudocyphellae and the conspicuousdevelopment of marginal phyllidia.Distribution and ecology: The type collection(holotype and five isotype specimens) is associa-ted with Heterodermia leucomelos and  Telo-schistes flavicans at a height of 2000 m. Materialcollected from south of Curitiba came from theforest interior and in this shaded site the lichengrows amongst bryophytes, the thallus appea-ring rather thinner and the pseudocyphellae lackthe yellow pigments common in the specimensfrom the type collection. It is possible that thelack of the yellow pigments in the pseudocyphel-lae is a response to the lower light intensity of thishabitat.Specimens examined: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro:Serra da Mantiqueira; Itatiaia, zwischen Regi-stro do Picu und Agulhas Negras, 23 July 1978,K. Kalb & G. Plöbst s.n. (Herb. Kalb). Parana:Mun. Tijucas do Sul, 46 km S de Curitiba,Campinas, interior de selva, 14 February 1978,A. Krapovickas & C.L. Cristobal 33745 (COLO313895).I am grateful to my friend Klaus Kalb for the loan of hisBrazilian collections of Pseudocyphellaria; to the curators ofthe herbaria mentioned above for the loan of type and otherspecimens in their care; to Phil Hurst (BM) for expert photogra-phic assistance; and to Per Magnus Jörgensen (Bergen) for helpwith the Latin diagnosis.LiteratureDe Notaris, G. 1851. Osservazioni sul genere Sticta. 20 pages.Torino.Galloway, D.J. 1986. Non-glabrous species of Pseudocyphel-laria from southern South America. Lichenologist 18: 105-168.Galloway, D.J. 1992. Studies in Pseudocyphellaria (lichens)III. The South American species. Bibliotheca Lichenologica46: 1-275.Galloway, D.J. and  Arvidsson, L. 1990. Studies in Pseudo-cyphellaria (lichens) II. Ecuadorean species. Lichenologist 22:103-135.Malme, G.O.A. 1934. Die Stictazeen der ersten RegnellschenExpedition. Arkiv för Botanik 26A (14): 1-18.Marcelli, M.P. 1991. Aspects of the foliose lichen flora of thesouthern-central coast of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Pp 151-170.In: (ed. D.J. Galloway) Tropical lichens: Their systematics,conservation, and ecology. Systematics Association SpecialVolume 43. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Osorio, H.S. 1977a. Contribution to the lichen flora of Brazil.II. Lichens from Guarapuava, Parana State. Dusenia 10 (2):101-102.Osorio, H.S. 1977b. Contribution to the lichen flora of BrazilIII. Lichens from western Parana. Acta Biologica Paranaense(Curitiba) 6 (1-4): 3-7.Osorio, H.S. 1985. Contribution to the lichen flora of Brazil.XIV. Lichens from Gramado, Rio Grande do Sul State. Interna-tional Journal of Mycology and Lichenology 2: 43-50.Osorio, H.S. 1992. Contribution to the lichen flora of Brazil.XXIX. Lichens from Ponta Pora, Mato Grosso do Sul. Comu-nicaciones Botanicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Monte-video 5 (98): 1-6.Osorio, H.S. and Homrich, M.H. 1978. Contribution to thelichen flora of Brazil IV. Lichens from southern Rio Grande doSul. Bryologist 81: 452-454.Osorio, H.S. and Fleig, M. 1982. Contribution to the lichenflora of Brazil IX. Lichens from the municipality of Torres, RioOsorio, H.S. and Fleig, M. 1986a. Contribution to the lichenflora of Brazil XVII. Lichens from Sâo Francisco de Paula, RioGrande do Sul State. Comunicaciones Botanicas del Museo deHistoria Natural de Montevideo 4 (74): 1-4.Osorio, H.S. and Fleig, M. 1986b. Contribution to the lichenflora of Brazil XVIII. Comunicaciones Botanicas del Museo deHistoria Natural de Montevideo 4 (75): 1-8.Osorio, H.S. and Fleig, M. 1987. Contribution to the lichenflora of Brazil. XIX. New or additional records from SantaMaria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Comunicaciones Botanicas delMuseo de Historia Natural de Montevideo 5 (81): 1-8.Osorio, H.S. and Fleig, M. 1988. Contribution to the lichenflora of Brazil. XX. Additional records from Sao Francisco dePaula, Rio Grande do Sul State. Comunicaciones Botanicas delMuseo de Historia Natural de Montevideo 5 (85): 1-7.Osorio, H.S. and Fleig, M. 1989. Contribution to the lichenflora of Brazil. XXII. Lichens from Canela, Rio Grande do SulState. Comunicaciones Botanicas del Museo de Historia Natu-ral de Montevideo 5 (88): 1-4.Osorio, H.S. and Fleig, M. 1990a. Contribution to the lichenflora of Brazil. XXIV. Lichens from Nova Petropolis, RioGrande do Sul State. Mycotaxon 36: 325-327.Osorio, H.S. and Fleig, M. 1990b. Contribution to the lichenflora of Brazil. XXVI. Lichens from “Vale do Diablo”, RioGrande do Sul State. Comunicaciones Botanicas del Museo de

Nomenclatural notes on Pseudocyphellaria V : some Brazilian taxa

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