Upon examination of type material, the following new synonymies are proposed: Macromitrium altituberculosum Bartr. with M. carionis C. Muell.; M. aureum C. Muell. with M. longifolium (Hook.) Brid.; M. crumianum Steere & Buck with M. leprieurii Mont.; M. semimarginatum C. Muell. with Groutiella chimborazense (Spruce ex Mitten) Florsch.; M. standleyi Bartr. var. subundulatum Bartr. with M. fulgescens Bartr. In addition, the following synonymies were confirmed: M. brevipes C. Muell. with Groutiella apiculata (Hook. & Grev.) Crum & Steere; M. sartorii C. Muell. with M. punctatum (Hook. & Grev.) Brid. Floristic reports include M. leprieurii new to Dominica, Guadeloupe, and Panama, and M. ulophyllum Mitten is reported for the first time from Central America (Panama) and Venezuela. A complete description including illustration is provided for the first time for the latter species. Lectotypes are chosen for all types examined

Goffinet, Bernard

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149Tropical Bryology 7: 149-154, 1993Taxonomic and floristic notes on neotropical Macromitrioideae(Orthotrichaceae)Bernard GoffinetDepartment of Botany, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9 Canada.Abstract.   Upon examination of type material, the following new synonymies are proposed:Macromitrium altituberculosum Bartr. with M. carionis C. Muell.; M. aureum C. Muell. with M.longifolium (Hook.) Brid.; M. crumianum Steere & Buck with M. leprieurii Mont.; M. semimarginatumC. Muell. with Groutiella chimborazense (Spruce ex Mitten) Florsch.; M. standleyi Bartr. var.subundulatum Bartr. with M. fulgescens Bartr.  In addition, the following synonymies wereconfirmed: M. brevipes C. Muell. with Groutiella apiculata (Hook. & Grev.) Crum & Steere; M.sartorii C. Muell. with M. punctatum (Hook. & Grev.) Brid.  Floristic reports include M. leprieuriinew to  Dominica, Guadeloupe, and Panama, and M. ulophyllum Mitten is reported for the first timefrom Central America (Panama) and Venezuela.  A complete description including illustration isprovided for the first time for the latter species.  Lectotypes are chosen for all types examined.While working on the Macromitrium flora ofPanama and the Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupeand Dominica) several type specimens of neotro-pical taxa were examined.  Taxonomic and flori-stic observations are presented here while acomplete floristic account will be discussed later.Groutiella apiculata (Hook.) Crum & Steere(Bryologist 53: 146, 1950).Basionym:  Orthotrichum apiculatum Hook.(Musci Exot. 1: 45, 1818).  Typus: Mexico,“prope Xalapam in Regno Mexicano, regionetemperata. Humboldt et Bonplant” (Isotypus:NY!).Syn.: Macromitrium brevipes C. Muell. (Synop-sis Muscorum Frondosorum 1: 728, 1849).  Typus:“Insulae Martinique: Hb. Fe•’e, Guadeloupe:Bertero, Trinidad: Sieber.” (Lectotypus, heredesignated: Insulae Trinidad, Sieber 28; H-Broth!).From the three collections used for the originaldescription, only one was found in Brotherus’herbarium.  The specimen by Sieber is chosen asthe lectotype. It includes two creeping stems witha few erect branches.  The first one clearlybelongs to Groutiella apiculata: the basal cellsare short, the margin is well differentiated in thelower half of the leaf, the costa forms a prominentapiculus, and the leaf-margins are stronglyrevolute when dry.  According to Mueller’sdescription, there is little doubt that this was partof the specimen described under M. brevipes.The second stem belongs to Macromitrium.  The150smooth basal cells and the plane lamina wouldplace this stem close to M. richardii Schwaegr.,the latter however has inrolled leaf-tips whendry.  The specimen does not fall within anyknown and established concept of neotropicalMacromitria, and has to await further study foridentification.  Macromitrium brevipes  wasconsidered a synonym of Groutiella apiculata byGrout (1946), however it remains uncertainwhether Grout actually saw the type specimenand the name is here lectotypified.Groutiella chimborazense (Spruce ex Mitt.)Florsch. (Moss. Suriname 215, 1964).Basionym: Macromitrium chimborazense Spru-ce ex Mitt. (J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 12: 218, 1869).Typus: Ecuador, “Andes Quitensis, ad radicesoccidentalis montis Chimbrorazo (3500 ped.),Spruce, n. 110.” (Holotypus: NY!).Syn. nov.: Macromitrium semimarginatum C.Muell. (Bull. Herb. Bois. 5: 197, 1897).  Typus:Guatemala, “Laguna del Pino, Julio 1870”Bernouilli & Cario s.”Coll. N 47" (Lectotypus,here designated: H-Broth!).Macromitrium semimarginatum  was removedby Bartram (1949) from the flora of Guatemala.He had not seen authentic material, but based onthe description he concluded that it belonged toMicromitrium (now Groutiella Crum & Steere).Examination of the type material reveals that thespecies has indeed typical Groutiella characters,including a differentiated border, at least in thelower part of the leaves, and roundish to oblatejuxta-costal basal cells. The type specimen is inagreement with the species concept of Groutiellachimborazense based on its acuminate leaveswith a percurrent costa.  Therefore, M. semimar-ginatum is placed in synonymy with G. chimbo-razense.Macromitrium carionis C. Muell. (Bull. Herb.Bois. 5: 199, 1897).Typus: Guatemala, “Cuestade Lovio, Aug. 1870”, Bernouilli & Cario “Coll.N 48” (Lectotypus, here designated: H-Broth!).Syn. nov.: M. altituberculosum Bartr. in Grout(Bryologist 47: 17, 1944).  Type: “Guatemala:Sierra de las Minas: Dept. Zacapa: oak-pinewoods along the upper reaches of Rio SitioNuevo, between Santa Rosalia and first water-fall, alt. 1200-1500m., on rock, Jan. 9, 1942,Julian A. Steyermark, 42274.” (Isotypus: NY!).Mueller described M. carionis from Guatemala,based on a specimen collected by Bernouilli andCario.  Bartram (1949) excluded this speciesfrom the Macromitrium flora of Guatemala.  Hehad not seen authentic material, but based on thedescription, he thought that it “evidently belongsin  Micromitrium  (Mitt.) Schimp. in Besch.”(now Groutiella Crum & Steere).  Examinationof type material of M. carionis  reveals that it doesnot belong to Groutiella as the basal cells are allelongate and tuberculate and grade into an ill-defined marginal border.  Instead it is concludedthat it is conspecific with M. altituberculosumBartram in Grout described from Guatemala aswell. Thus the name, M. carionis C. Muell., haspriority over M. altituberculosum .Macromi-trium carionis is a rare, but widespread species inCentral America known from Mexico to Panama.The species is easily recognized based on itslingulate, mucronate leaves with prominent teethon the basal margin (for a detailed description ofM. carionis see Vitt 1993; under M.altituberculosum).  As already noted by Vitt(1993), M. carionis is very similar to M.stellulatum (Hornsch.) Brid. which differs fromthe former species by the absence of welldifferentiated basal marginal teeth (somespecimens had poorly differentiated teeth) andrather low tuberculae on the basal cells.  Furtherstudies are needed to establish the taxonomicrelationship between the two species.  Thedesignated lectotype consists of a single branchwith a few leaves.Macromitrium fulgescens  Bartr. in Grout(Bryologist 47: 12, 1944).  Typus: “On tree, LaPalma, Province of San José Costa Rica, (Stand-ley, 38011, type as no. 11)” (Isotypus: NY!)Syn. nov.: M. standleyi Bartr. var. subundulatumBartr. (Cont. Nat. Mus. 26: 86, 1928).  Typus:“On tree, Cerro de la Caricias, north of SanIndro, Province de Heredia, Costa Rica, altitude2,000 to 2,400 meters, Paul C. Standley & Juve-nal Valerio, March 11, 1926, no. 52096” (Isoty-151pus: NY!).Macromitrium fulgescens was described byBartram (1944; to replace M. fuscescens  Bartr.[Cont. Nat. Mus. 26: 89, 1928];hom. illeg.)together with several other species ofMacromitrium from collections made by PaulStandley in Costa Rica.  The species is distin-guished by smooth basal cells and subquadrate torectangular, hardly porose upper cells borderedby longer narrow cells.  From its habit it is closeto Macromitrium standleyi Bartr., but the latterhas spinulose-dentate marginal cells, stronglyporose upper cells, and tuberculate basal cells.Bartram (1928) distinguished a variety from thetypical M. standleyi, namely var. subundulatum,based on its more strongly secund branch leavesand upper cells that are only denticulate orserrulate.  Examination of type material (NY!) ofthis variety reveals that its basal cells are smoothand its upper cells are hardly porose and shorterthan in the type variety.  The material, despite thefact that its leaves are more narrowly acuminate,is very similar to M. fulgescens.  Macromitriumstandleyi var. subundulatum is therefore placedin synonymy with M. fulgescens.Macromitrium leprieurii Mont. (Ann. Sc. Nat.Bot. 14: 347, 1840).  Typus:  Guyana, “ad truncosarborum circa Cayennam.-Lepr. Coll. n. 334.”(Lectotypus: PC - drawings seen - Isotypus:NY!).Syn. nov.: M. crumianum Steere & Buck (Britto-nia 31: 395, 1979).  Typus: “Guatemala: onforest tree 10 m above ground, vicinity of Exmi-bal Camp 2 (La Gloria), NW of Lake Izabal, elev.400-500 m, 7 May 1966, Gayle C. Jones &Lynden Fayce 3296  “(Holotypus: NY!; Isotypi:ALTA!, BM, C, F, FH, FLAS, H, MEXU, MICH,MO, S, TENN, U, US, USCG).Macromitrium leprieurii was initially describedfrom Guyana.  It is characterized by a cucullatecalyptra, flat, acute leaves with long-rectangularcells that become shorter (but not round) towardthe often serrulate, and asymmetric apex.  Thiscombination of characters places it in the Sect.Reverbatum  (Buck 1990) with M. dubiumSchimp. ex C. Muell.  The latter species differsby its long acuminate leaves, linear upper cells,and subentire margins.  Steere and Buck (1979)described M. crumianum from a single locality inGuatemala based on the upper leaf cells remainingsimilar in size from the costa to the margin andby the absence of plications at the base of theleaves.  However, examination of M. leprieurii,throughout its range, indicates that the leaf baseis not invariably plicate and that the size of themarginal upper cells is variable even within asingle specimen.  The only character remainingto distinguish the two taxa would be the form ofthe calyptra.  According to Steere and Buck(1979) the calyptra of M. crumianum is “plicate,fringed at the bottom third or half, naked, butpapillose at apex from projecting thickened cellends”, which suggests that it was a mitratecalyptra.  In the holotype (NY), only mitratecalyptrae were found, but none was attached toM. crumianum capsules.  In an isotype (ALTA),two types of calyptrae were found, loose in thepackage, one mitrate and the other cucullate.The former one could belong to another species(M. cf. scoparium Mitt.) mixed with M. crumia-num.  Further confusion could have arisen fromthe actual shape of the calyptra in M. leprieuriiwhich is cucullate.  It has a major slit to the upperthird of the calyptra, but the base of it can still besomewhat fringed, giving it the appearance of amitrate calyptra.  Based on the above, M. leprieuriiand  M. crumianum are conspecific, with M.leprieurii having priority.Macromitrium leprieurii  occurs in secondaryand open montane forests.  The species is repor-ted as new to Dominica, Guadeloupe, and Pana-ma, and is otherwise known from the type loca-lities in Guatemala (M. crumianum) and Guyana(M. leprieurii) .  For a description and figures ofM. leprieurii see Florschuetz (1964).Selected specimens examined : Guadeloupe:Basse-Terre, Parc National de la Guadeloupe,Mamelle de Pigeon, Goffinet 2358 (ALTA, NY,PMA); Dominica: St. Paul Parish, Morne TroisPitons,  Goffinet 2713 (ALTA); Panama:Veraguas, Cerro Narices, Santa Fé, Salazar et al.13323 (ALTA, PMA).Macromitrium longifolium (Hook.) Brid. (Bryol152Univ. 1: 309, 1826).Basionym:  Orthotrichum longifolium Hook.(Musci Excot. 1: 44, 1818).  Typus: “Ad radicesBifariae glaucae altitudine 950 hexapod., regio-ne temperata, in devexis montis Avilae propeCaracas.  Humbold et Bonplant.” (Lectotypus:BM-Wilson; Isotypus: NY).Syn. nov. : Macromitrium aureum C. Muell.(Bot. Zeit. 15: 580, 1857).  Typus: Brazil, “NovaGranada, Cerro Pelado: Schlim 1852 legit. Col-lect. Linden . sine No. cum Zygogonte commix-tum” (Lectotypus, here designated: H-Broth!).The lectotype of Macromitrium aureum consistsof only a single entire leaf and a few leaf frag-ments.  The basal cells are tuberculate, the leafmargin is entire, and the upper leaf cells arestrongly bulging and lens-shaped.  These charac-ters are well within the concept of M. longifo-lium.  The latter is most easily recognized by itspapillose setae.  In his description, Mueller didnot characterize the seta suggesting that the setais smooth.  Lacking this character, M. aureumwould key out as M. cirrosum (Hedw.) Brid..  Thedistinctive lens-shaped upper leaf cells however,are characteristic of M. longifolium and thereforeM. aureum is proposed as a new synonym of M.longifolium.Macromitrium punctatum  (Hook. & Grev.)Brid. (Bryol. Univ. 1: 739 1826).Basionym: Orthotrichum punctatum Hook. &Grev. (Edinburgh Jour. Sci. 1: 119, 1824). Ty-pus:  “Communicated from Brazil, together withO. filiforme, by Professor Raddi.”  (Lectotypus:BM-Hooker, Isotypus: E-Greville).Syn.: Macromitrium sartorii C. Muell. (Linnaea38: 641, 1874).  Typus: “Mexico, Mirador, inarboribus sylvestribus, Florentin Sartorius vere1873. Hb. C. Mohr.” (Lectotypus, here designa-ted: H-Broth!).The lectotype of Macromitrium sartorii consistsof a single branch.  The leaves are plane and five-ranked when moist.  The basal cells are smoothand the upper ones are strongly bulging.  Theapex of the leaf is acute and serrulate.  All of thesecharacters fall within the concept of M. punctatum(sensu Vitt, 1979).  Therefore M. sartorii isconsidered as synonymous with M. punctatum.The present synonymy was proposed by Grout(1946), but it remains uncertain whether Groutactually examined the type collection.Macromitrium ulophyllum Mitt. (J. Linn. Soc.Bot. 12: 206, 1869).Typus: Ecuador, “AndesQuitenses, Abitagua (6000 ped.), Spruce, n. 94 “(Holotypus: NY!).Macromitrium ulophyllum was known outside ofColombia only from Guyana (Gradstein & Flor-schuetz, 1989; Buck, 1990).  The species is herereported from Panama (thus is new to CentralAmerica) and from Venezuela.  Although M.ulophyllum is a distinct species, examination ofherbarium material reveals that it has clearlybeen misinterpreted.  Therefore a complete des-cription is presented here for the first time andthe species is compared to other closely relatedtaxa.Plants robust, shiny, light-green to golden red-dish, in spreading mats. Stems with widely spa-ced leaves, tomentose, with numerous erect-ascending branches to about 2.5 cm.  Leavescrisped, undulate, spreading from an erect basewhen dry, wide-spreading when moist, 3.5 to 5.0mm long, ovate-lanceolate, more or less abruptlycontracting into a slenderly acuminate apex,keeled; margins flat or recurved from the base tothe middle, irregularly serrulate in the lower halfto strongly serrulate towards apex; costa strong,excurrent; upper cells elongate-elliptic, smooth,porose, 20-30 x 8 µm; apical cells shorter, rhom-bic and non-porose; upper marginal cells long,linear, oblique and overlapping forming a di-stinct margin; medial cells elongate, thick wal-led, 100-125 (170) µm; basal cells rectangular,porose, nodose, thick walled, 30-75 x 8-10 µm,tuberculate; basal marginal cells, with thin pe-riclinal walls and thick anticlinal walls, forminga hyaline entire border with sometimes largeteeth at the base.  Perichaetial leaves to 4 mmlong, erect, lanceolate, acuminate, with excur-rent costa.  Phyllodioicous, dwarf males seen onleaves.  Setae to 25 mm long, twisted counter-clockwise in upper half, smooth; capsule 1.5 mmlong, ovate-oblong, contracted at the mouth,154smooth or slightly ribbed when old and dry, rimerect, exothecial cells round-quadrate (1:1) toelongate (4:1), thick walled; stomates superfi-cial, numerous in the neck of the capsule; peristo-me single, consisting of a low membrane of 16,truncate, papillose, exostome teeth. Calyptraemitrate, naked, smooth, laciniate. Spores notseen.Macromitrium ulophyllum can be distinguishedfrom all other congeneric taxa by its upper leafcells arranged in radiating rows and bordered bylong linear cells (Fig. 1). Macromitrium ulophyl-lum resembles the more widespread M. subcirro-sum C. Muell., but the latter has smooth, linear-lanceolate leaves, no distinct margin, and theupper cells form irregular rows.  Macromitriumtrachypodium Mitten, endemic to northern SouthAmerica, is also similar to M. ulophyllum by itsleaf shape and habit, however differs by the lackof a serrate leaf margin, and plicate capsules.Specimens examined: Panama: Chiriqui, Fortu-na, Cerro Hornito, Goffinet (with Salazar &Espinosa) 942a (ALTA, PMA) & 942b (PMA);Chiriqui, Fortuna, Continental Divide, Goffinet(with Salazar & Espinosa) 1034 (ALTA, PMA,NY); Veraguas, Cerro de los Gringos, Salazar etal. 13283 (ALTA, PMA).  Venezuela: Rio Ne-gro, Cerro de Neblina, Buck 12689 & 13016(ALTA, NY).Acknowledgments.  This study was funded by a grant from theNatural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada(grant A-6390 to Dale Vitt).  Field work was made possiblethrough the financial support by the National Geographic So-ciety (grant to Dale Vitt).  I wish to thank the curators of theabove cited herbaria, for the loan of type specimens.  RandalBayer, Rob Gradstein, Catherine LaFarge-England, and DaleVitt kindly provided valuable comments on an earlier draft ofthe manuscript, for which I am grateful.Literature citedBartram, E.B. 1928.  Costa Rican mosses collected by Paul C.Standley in 1924-1926.  Contribution of the U.S.National Herbarium 26: 51-114.Bartram, E.B. 1949.  Mosses of Guatemala.  Fieldiana, Bot.25: i-v, 1-442.Buck, W.R. 1990.  Contributions to the moss flora of Guyana.Mem. NY Bot. Gard. 64: 184-196.Florschuetz, P.A. 1964.  The Mosses of Surinam.  Part I.Leiden.  271 p.Gradstein, S.R. & J. Florschuetz-de-Waard 1989.  Resultsof the botanical Expedition to Mount Roraima, Guya-na 1.  Bryophytes.  Tropical Bryology 1: 25-54.Grout, A.J. 1944.  Preliminary Synopsis of the North Ameri-can Macromitriae.  Family Orthotrichaceae.  Bryolo-gist 47: 1-22.Grout, A.J. 1946.  Orthotrichaceae.  North American Flora15A: 1-62.Steere, W.C. & W.R. Buck 1979.  Macromitrium crumianum(Musci: Orthotrichaceae) a new species from Guate-mala.  Brittonia 31: 395-398.Vitt, D.H. 1979.  New taxa and new combinations in theOrthotrichaceae of Mexico.  Bryologist 82: 1-19.Vitt, D.H. 1993.  Orthotrichaceae. In: A.J. Sharp, H.A. Crum& P.M. Eckel (eds.).  Mexican Moss Manual. Univer-sity of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor (in press)155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174

Taxonomic and floristic notes on neotropical Macromitrioideae (Orthotrichaceae)

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