The African taxa of the genus Chionoloma Dixon are revised. Eleven taxa are proposed as new synonyms. Only one taxon is recognized: Chionoloma bombayense (Müll.Hal.) P.Sollm

Sollman, Philip

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35TROPICAL BRYOLOGY 26  (2005)Taxonomic revision of ChionolomaTropical Bryology 26: 35-38, 2005A taxonomic revision of the genus Chionoloma Dixon (Musci,Pottiaceae) in AfricaPhilip SollmanNotarisappel 2, 9076 LB St. Anna Parochie, The NetherlandsAbstract: The African taxa of the genus Chionoloma Dixon are revised. Eleven taxa are proposedas new synonyms. Only one taxon is recognized: Chionoloma bombayense (Müll.Hal.) P.Sollm.IntroductionSome years ago, I published a partial revisionof the genus Pseudosymblepharis Broth. in Asia(Sollman, 2000). This genus is now treated as asynonym of Chionoloma Dixon (Sollman, 2001).During identification work on Africanmaterial, I came across essentially the samevariation patterns as described for the Asianmaterial (Sollman, 2000), and so that discussionof variable characters, description, habitat andothers is not repeated here. This paper should beread in connection with the Pseudosymblepharisrevision (Sollman, 2000).All author citations in botanical namesfollow Brummitt and Powell (1992).Material and MethodsIn total, about 350 herbarium collections ofChionoloma from Africa were studiedmicroscopically. All the material was filed andif necessary annotated. Many specimens werestudied from the herbaria at BR, EGR and L.Selected collections also were examined fromseveral other herbaria: BM, DUIS, GRO, H, andPC. Material was also identified from thefollowing private herbaria: G. Een, N.G.Hodgetts, G. and S. Miehe, F. Müller, B.J.O’Shea, R.D. Porley, K. Wesche, M. Wigginton,B.O. van Zanten.The African taxa described in the generaOxystegus (Limpr.) Hilp., Tortella (Lindb.)Limpr., Trichostomum Bruch and also some ofBarbula Hedw., were also checked as it waspossible that at least some of them could belongto Chionoloma.The same low percentage (ca 7%) offruiting plants were seen in the African material(compare Sollman, 2000: 130).TaxonomyThe following names are proposed as newsynonyms of Chionoloma  bombayense(Müll.Hal.) P.Sollm. The taxa are placed inchronological order of the original publications.36TROPICAL BRYOLOGY 26  (2005)SollmanChionoloma bombayense (Müll.Hal.) P.Sollm.,Trop. Bryol. 20: 139. 2001 (Trichostomumbombayense Müll.Hal., Syn. Musc. 2: 628.1851.)Type: (India) Bombay, herb. Kegelianumno. 10.025 (lectotype H-BR; isolectotype S)Symblepharis circinata Besch., Ann. Sci.Nat., Bot. ser. 6, 9: 308, 1880, syn. nov.Trichostomum circinatum (Besch.) Broth.,Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1 (3): 394, 1902.Pseudosymblepharis bescherellei Thér. nom.mut. (Symblepharis circinata Besch.),Recueil Publ. Soc. Havraise Etud. Div.1925: 134, 1926.Oxystegus circinatus (Besch.) Hilp., Beih.Bot. Centralbl. 50 (2): 670, 702, 1933.Types: Ile de la Réunion, 1875, non fruiting,M.G. de l’Isle... Cafres, PC !; Réunion, s.d., non fruiting, Lépervanche; GrandeComore, non fruiting, May (?) 1870, avecAnoectangium rhaphidostegium, Boivin,PC !Symblepharis usambarica Broth., Bot. Jahrb.20: 179, 1894, syn. nov.Trichostomum usambaricum (Broth.) Broth.,Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1 (3): 294, 1902.Type: (Tanzania), Usambare Mts,Waldungen, non fruiting, Nov. 1891, C.Holst no. 115 p.p., det. Brotherus, Hb. L,iso!Ptychomitrium soulae Müll.Hal. in Renauld& Cardot, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique33 (2): 118, 1895, syn. nov.Oxystegus soulae (Müll.Hal.) Wijk &Margad., Taxon 9: 191, 1960.Trichostomum soulae (Müll.Hal. in Renauld& Cardot) R.H.Zander, Genera of thePottiaceae…: 92, 1993.Type: Madagascar, Ambositra, Betsileo, nonfruiting, 1890, Rev. Soula, Hb. J. Cardot,PC, iso!Barbula corticicola Renauld & Cardot, Bull.Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 35 (1): 309,1897, syn. nov.Tortella corticicola (Renauld & Cardot)Broth. („corticola“), Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(3) : 397, 1902.Trichostomum corticicola (Renauld &Cardot) Cardot in Grandid., Hist. Madag.39: 203, 1915.Oxystegus soulae (Müll.Hal.) Wijk &Margad. var. corticicola (Renauld &Cardot) Wijk & Margad., Taxon 9: 191,1960.Trichostomum soulae (Müll.Hal. in Renauld& Cardot) R.H.Zander var. corticicola(Renauld & Cardot) R.H.Zander, Generaof the Pottiaceae …: 92, 1993.Type: Madagascar, Imerina, ad truncosputridos, non fruiting, 1890, Rev.Camboué, Hb. J. Cardot, PC!Leptodontium subintegrum Broth., Bot.Jahrb. 24: 239, 1897, syn. nov.Trichostomum subintegrum (Broth.) Broth.,Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1 (3): 394, 1902.Type: (Uganda), Africa or., Ru Nssoro,Rwenzori, stones in forest, 7000 - 8600ft, non fruiting, s. date, Scott Elliott no.185, det. Brotherus, Hb. H, holo!Barbula leptotortella Müll.Hal., Hedwigia38: 110, 1899, syn. nov.Trichostomum leptotortella (Müll.Hal.)Broth., Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1 (3): 394,1902.Oxystegus leptotortella (Müll.Hal.) Hilp.,Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 50 (2): 667, 1933.Type: (Rep. of South Africa), Cape SomersetEast, Boschberg, non fruiting, 1878, MacOwan s.n., Hb. H-Br. no. 42.97.017, iso!Note.Both Sim (1926) and Magill (1981) treat thistaxon as Oxystegus cylindricus (Brid.) Hilp.(=Trichostomum tenuirostre (Hook. &Taylor) Lindb.).  However, the isotypematerial of Barbula leptotortella (above),agrees much better with common states ofChionoloma bombayense.However, the occurrence of trueTrichostomum tenuirostre (Hook. & Taylor)Lindb. (= Oxystegus cylindricus (Brid.)Hilp.) is possible in southern Africa.See also note 4, below.37TROPICAL BRYOLOGY 26  (2005)Taxonomic revision of ChionolomaTrichostomum (Oxystegus) circinnatulumBroth. in Voeltzk., Reise Ostafr., Syst.Arbeit. 3: 54 + tafel 8, fig. 4, 1908, syn.nov.Pseudosymblepharis circinnatula (Broth. inVoeltzk.) R.H.Zander, Genera of thePottiaceae …: 80, 1993.Type: Grande Comoren, Angasidja,Convalescence, 1900 m, non fruiting,1903, A. Voeltzkow no. 84, Hb.Brotherus, H, holo!Trichostomum rhodesiae Broth., Denkschr.Akad. Wiss. Math.-Nat. (Wien) 88: 735,1913, syn. nov.Oxystegus rhodesiae (Broth.) Hilp., Beih.Bot. Centralbl. 50(2): 667, 1933.Type: (Zimbabwe), Rhodesien, VictoriaFalls, Regenwald auf Baumstämmen, nonfruiting, 4 Oct. 1909, J. Brunnthaler, Hb.Brotherus, H, no. 42.97.014, holo!Note.This collection was annotated by R.E. Magillin 1980 as „probably a Tortella“.Trichostomum fragilifolium Dixon, J. Bot.68: 117, 1930, syn. nov.Type: Kenya colony, Mt. Kenya, nearNanyuki, conifer forest, about 7000 ft,Aug. 1928 (1929), fruiting, A.B. Rendleno. 501, Hb. H.N. Dixon, BM, holo!Tortella syrrhopodontoides Dixon, J. Bot. 76:228 + fig. 8, 1938, syn. nov.Pseudosymblepharis syrrhopodontoides(Dixon) R.H.Zander, Genera of thePottiaceae ...: 80, 1993.Type: Kenya, Thika, Chania Falls, nonfruiting, 26 Aug. 1929, Priestley & Scott34-A, Hb. H.N. Dixon, BM, holo!Trichostomum perplexum P.de la Varde, Rev.Bryol. Lichénol. 11: 172 + fig. 1, 1939,syn. nov.Type: (Central African Republic), Oubangui,Bocaranga, entre Kolo et Ngam, nonfruiting, 16 June 1935, M.J. Eckendorffno. 6519, Hb. R. Potier de la Varde, PC,holo!Note 1.In the moss flora of Southern Africa (Magill,1981: p. 256 (text) and p. 257 (plate 11-18)), thelinear leaf facies of Tortella xanthocarpa isdiscussed and illustrated. The text and plate hereare likely to refer to Chionoloma bombayense,judging from the plate only. (The short leavedspecimens are the true Tortella xanthocarpa.)Note 2.Gymnostomum fragilifolium Dixon in Sim,Trans. R. Soc. S. Afr. 15: 246, 1926, nom. nud.I have not seen any material bearing thisname. This taxon was treated by Wijk et al.(1959-1969, 2: 418; 5: 665) as Trichostomumrhodesiae Broth. The latter taxon is treated hereas Chionoloma bombayense.Note 3.Trichostomum corticicola (Renauld & Cardot)Cardot in Grandid., Hist. Madag. 39: 203, 1915,var. brevifolium Cardot in Grandid.: 39: 293,1915, nom. illeg.I have not seen any collection bearing thisname. However, the type material ofPtychomitrium soulae in Hb. PC, Hb. J. Cardot(see above) contains a written note on the var.brevifolium Cardot, which is unfortunatelyillegible. The type material of Ptychomitriumsoulae Müll.Hal., also has a glued sticker on theback side of the packet: „Oxystegus soulae“, andIndex Muscorum (Wijk et al., 1959-1969, 5: 137)treats Trichostomum corticicola var. brevifoliumas Oxystegus soulae (Müll.Hal.) Wijk & Margad.It is thus here treated as a synonym ofChionoloma bombayense (Müll.Hal.) P.Sollm.Note 4.Trichostomum tenuirostre (Hook. & Taylor)Lindb.So far I have not seen convincing material ofTrichostomum tenuirostre (in Magill, 1981 asOxystegus cylindricus (Brid.) Hilp.) from (sub)tropical Africa, although its occurrence ispossible. The same can be stated ofTrichostomum tenuirostre in (sub) tropicalcountries in Asia.See also the note concerning Barbula lepto-tortella Müll.Hal.38TROPICAL BRYOLOGY 26  (2005)SollmanSmaller states of Chionoloma bombayense areespecially difficult to separate fromTrichostomum tenuirostre. For the differencesbetween the two taxa see especially: Sollman(2000: 142).Geographical distribution in AfricaThe countries are listed in alphabetical order. Thetotal number of studied collections is given inparentheses.Cameroon (1); Central African Republic (2);Comoros (17); Ethiopia (10); Guinea (5); IvoryCoast (1); Lesotho (3); Kenya (13); Madagascar(21); Malawi (82); Republic of South Africa(24); Réunion (26); Rwanda (5); Sierra Leone(1); Tanzania (67); Uganda (48); D.R. Congo(Zaire) (28); Zimbabwe (5).AcknowledgementsI wish to thank the curators of the herbaria mentionedin the text for making available material. I am obligedto the staff in Hb. Egger (Hungary), and especially toG. Kis and T. Pócs for making available the materialhoused there. I thank also the private personsmentioned in the text, for sending material foridentification. Mrs Y. Slingerland-Janssen is thankedfor her secretarial assistance.ReferencesBrummitt, R.K. & Powell, C.E., 1992. Authors ofPlant Names. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.Magill, R.E. 1981. Bryophyta, Part 1. Mosses, Fasc.1. Sphagnaceae-Grimmiaceae, in: Flora ofSouthern Africa, ed. O.A. Leistner, Republic ofSouth Africa.Sim, T.R. 1926. The Bryophyta of South Africa.Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa15: i-iv, 1-475. (Reprint Ed. 1973.)Sollman, P. 2000. A taxonomic revision ofPseudosymblepharis Broth. (Musci, Pottiaceae)in Asia. Tropical Bryology 18: 129-145.Sollman, P. 2001. A new combination in ChionolomaDixon (Musci, Pottiaceae). Tropical Bryology 20:139.Thériot, I. 1926. Cinquième contribution à la Florebryologique de Madagascar. Recueil desPublications de la Société Havraise d’EtudesDiverses 1925: 122-151.Wijk, R. van der, W.D. Margadant & P.A.Florschütz, 1959-1969. Index Muscorum.Utrecht: IAPT.Zander, R.H. 1993. Genera of the Pottiaceae: Mossesof harsh environments. Bulletin of the BuffaloSociety of Natural Sciences 32: i-vi, 1-378.

A new combination in Chionoloma Dixon (Musci,

Authors of Plant Names. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.

Cinquième contribution à la Flore bryologique de Madagascar.

Genera of the Pottiaceae: Mosses of harsh environments.

Index Muscorum.

Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 15: i-iv, 1-475. (Reprint Ed.

A taxonomic revision of the genus Chionoloma Dixon (Musci, Pottiaceae) in Africa

A taxonomic revision of the genus Chionoloma Dixon (Musci, Pottiaceae) in Africa

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