Faculty advisor: Karina QuevedoThis research was supported by the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP)

Barstad, Brianna

Dimick, Savannah

Mansur, Shamsam

Mohamed, Sumaya

Oh, Sewon

Punzalan, Monica Talitha

Quevedo, Karina

Scott, Hannah

Strupp, John

Teoh, Jia Yuan

Thomas, Kathleen

Uburbil, Kamil

Washist, Shabad

Wedan, Riley

University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy

Emotional Self-Other
Neurofeedback (NF).
NF given from the bilateral
amygdala and hippocampus
Neurofeedback during Self-face Processing in Depressed versus Healthy Adolescents
Oh Sewon1, Jia Yuan Teoh1, Smyda G3, Sumaya Mohamed1, Brianna Barstad1, Shabad Washist1, Shamsam Mansur1, Monica Talitha Punzalan2, 
Riley Wedan1, Savannah Dimick1, Kamil Uburbil, Ph.D, John Strupp, M.A.4, Kathleen Thomas Ph.D., Hannah Scott, Karina Quevedo, Ph.D3
1Dep. of Psychology or Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 2College of Biological sciences, University of Minnesota;
3Dep. of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota School of Medicine; 4MSI
Method
Introduction/Background Results
Limitation and future study
Conclusion
- 12.8% of youths (age 12-17) in the U.S. have depression (NIMH, 2017).
Patients mood disorders have 25 times higher suicidal attempts rate (U.S.
HHS Office, 2012). Major depressive disorder (MDD) symptoms and suicidal
attempts continue in adulthood. A key factor affecting depressed youths which
increases suicide risks is negative self-processing.
Table 1
Healthy Control Depressed
n=19 n=34
Suicide attempters n=0a n=15b
AgeS1:M (SD) 16.26(1.19) 16.08(1.27)
AgeS2:M (SD) 16.35(1.23) 16.11(1.25)
IQ:M (SD) 115.32(9.12) a 108.35(10.84) b
Sex
Male 7(36.84%) 10(29.41%)
Female 12(63.16%) 24(70.59%)
Puberty: M(SD) 4.53(0.65) 4.53 (0.68)
Family Structure
Married 15(78.95%) 22(64.71%)
Living with partner 1(5.26%) 3(8.82%)
Separated-Divorced 3(15.79%) 5(14.71%)
Single 0 4(11.76%)
Antidepressants 0 26
Antipsychotics 0 2
Mood stabilizers 0 0
Anxiolitic 0 10
Depression Severity: M(SD) 19.21(3.56)a 49.85(16.14)b
Self_Esteem: M(SD) 134.9(27.87)a 106.2 (20.9)b
Attributional Style: M (SD) -6.32(3.67)a -0.47(7.67)b
Depression before neurofeedback; M(SE) 3.76(3.95)a 30.5(13.32)b
Depression after neurofeedback; M(SE) 2.26(2.46)a 21.47(16.32)b
Rumination before neurofeedback; M(SE) 29.31(6.97)a 50.41(11.76)b
Rumination after neurofeedback; M(SE) 27.89(7.25)a 44.35(14.34)b
Note. Different subscripts denote s significant statistical differences.
Main objectives
- To modulate the neural functions supporting self-processing (how they think
and view themselves) using a neurofeedback (NF) task in adolescents.
- To explore the short term changes depressed mood, rumination, and event
attributional style in adolescents with and without significant depression.
- Research Question: What common or different brain areas of activity will
be present among adolescents with and without depression during a
neurofeedback task that uses the self vs. another face.
1. Neurofeedback during self-face processing and positive memory
recall elicit more activity in midline cortical structures that enable
emotion regulation, proprioception, and motor function. Depressed
youths showed more activity during NF vs. CB, compared to
healthy controls, in areas that support self-processing (fusiform)
and perception of facial emotions and language.
- No placebo group: the change in depressed mood and rumination might
be due to the NF training or due to the regression toward the mean.
- Changes in mood and rumination are short term but we plan to follow up
those who provided permission to contact in the future in 3-4 years.
References
Questionnaires
Depression,
Rumination,
Attributional
style
? Story
K-SAD
+Demographic information collected
Interview based symptoms group decided
1st Session
Figure 1. Main Effect of Feedback conditions (NF and CB) in Depressed youth. Brain activity for
both conditions within adolescents with depression. Anterior Cingulate (self-processing), Insula
(processing of proprioceptive stress, feelings, empathy, uncertainty in decision making), Inferior
Parietal Lobe (high level features of faces, emotion-body image), and Orbitofrontal Cortex (feelings).
2nd Session
2nd Session
+CMRR safety screening & questionnaire
+Everyone chose top 5 happy memories
My happy memories..
+NF: Brain activities shown as a bar graph
paired with self smiling face. Participants
recalled happy memories to raise bar.
+CB: Unfamiliar teen’s face appeared on the
screen and participants counted numbers
backwards from 100 by 1.
+Participants finished 3 questionnaires before
and after the task.
PI
+Individuals done NF and CB task in
the 3Teslar-B fMRI machine at CMRR
Neurofeedback (NF) Count backwards (CB) Mood rating
Repeated twice
Figure 2. Main Effect of Feedback conditions (NF and CB)
Control Group. Areas related to self-processing (fusiform) and
memory retrieval and attention (angular gyrus) were involved.
The task was built using E-Prime® and the data were stored in MSI .
1. A full factorial GLM was conducted using SPM 12 in MSI included group and feedback
conditions as factors.
2. Two separate GLMs explored feedback conditions : depressed, controls separately.
+Xjview in MSI yielded voxel based active brain areas and labels.
+A strict control for multiple comparisons (P-FWE 0.05).
Figure 3. Main Effect of Feedback conditions (NF & CB) in all participants. Figure 4. Group by Feedback interaction. Inferior Parietal Lobe, Cuneus (related to
apathy, integration of cognitive processes), and Fusiform Gyrus. However, the
depressed youths showed less activity in the same brain areas during CB vs. NF
compared controls.
1. Major Depression. Retrieved Mar. 25 from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/major-depression.s
html
2. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office of the Surgeon General and National
Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention. (2012). 2012 National strategy for suicide prevention: Goals and
objectives for action. Washington, DC: HHS, 1-184
Count Backwards (CB)
Neurofeedback (NF) Count Backwards (CB)
When you see another face, 
count backwards from 100
Analysis
Re
su
lts
Please Rate How You Feel Now Questionnaires
Depression,
Rumination,
Attributional
style
Brain Activity During Neurofeedback And Count Backwards associated with
Main Effect of Self
Brain Activity During Neurofeedback And Count Backwards 
associated with Main Effect of Self
Effect of Group by Feedback Condition on Brain Activity
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3. Orbitofrontal Cortex, Insula, BA 13, 45, 47
4. Middle Frontal Cortex, BA 13, 45, 47
5. Insula, Orbitofrontal Cortex, BA 13, 47
6. Inferior Parietal Lobule, Ba 1, 2, 3, 40
7. Superior Middle Frontal Gyrus, BA 9, 10
2nd Session
2. Only depressed participants showed significant
reduction in rumination and depressed mood,
but no change showed in controls as expected.
This could be a regression toward the mean in
depressed youth.
3. Possibility of fMRI-NF as a new in
vivo tool for the adolescents with
treatment resistant depression.


Neurofeedback during Self-face Processing in Depressed versus Healthy Adolescents

https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/196393/Oh_Sewon_Neurofeedback_in_Depressed_vs_Healthy_Adolescents.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Neurofeedback during Self-face Processing in Depressed versus Healthy Adolescents

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