Damalis bigoti, new species, from Thailand, and D. candonensis, new species, from China, are described, illustrated, and compared with known species from these regions

Scarbrough, Aubrey G.

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63 INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 20, No. 1-2, March-June, 2006IntroductionDamalis Fabricius 1805 is a widely distributedasilid genus in the Afrotropical and Oriental re-gions (Oldroyd 1975). It currently contains 109species of which most are from Africa and India(Oldroyd 1975, Londt 1989; Joseph and Parui 1984a,1984b, 1985, 1987, 1990; Geller-Grimm 1997).Sparse collecting in the more eastern continentalareas of Asia has yielded only 22 species, i.e. elevenfrom China (Shi 1995) and eleven from SoutheastAsia (Scarbrough 2005). Recently collected materi-als received from IRSNB (Institut Royal des Scienc-es Naturalles de Belgique, Brussels) contained twoundescribed species, one from China and the otherfrom Thailand. These species are described hereand the right wing, hind leg, and terminalia illus-trated, increasing the number of species to 24 fromthese countries.Morphological terminology follows McAlpine(1981). Measurements were made using an ocularmicrometer in a Meiji dissecting microscope andfollow the techniques of Londt (1989). Terminaliawere prepared for study and illustrated followingScarbrough (2005). Male terminalia are illustratedin their usual rotated (180o) position. Thus, thehypandrium and epandria are in dorsal and ventralpositions, respectively. Terminalia are illustratedin different positions [lateral, dorsal and ventralviews], all at the same scale. Data are recorded asthey appear on labels with each line denoted by aforward slash [/]. Months are recorded as Romannumerals. The types of the new species are depos-ited in IRSNB. Acronyms of institutions followArnett et al. (1993).TaxaDamalis bigoti Scarbroughnew species(Figs. 1-2, 5-7)Male. Body and legs largely yellow. Measurements,body 12.5-13.0 mm, wings 11.3-11.5 mm. Head:Blackish. Face and frons dark brownish-yellowtomentose; mystax with five black bristles andsparse, short, black setae. Palpus brown apically,brownish-yellow basally, yellowish setose. Probos-cis thick basally, black with base and venter nar-rowly brownish-yellow; yellow setose ventrally,black apically. Antenna blackish, black setose, scapewith one black seta longer than three antennalsegments combined. Occiput dark brownish-yellowtomentose, yellow setose. Thorax: Mostly yellow tobrownish-yellow. Mesoscutum with wide medianand narrow lateral black stripes and brownishtomentum, tomentum otherwise brownish-yellowor yellow; lateral setae yellowish, acrostichal setaebrown. Scutellum yellow, yellow tomentose andsetose; preapical groove present. Mediotergite black-ish, darkest laterally, anatergite yellow, yellowtomentose. Pleura and metacoxa, mostly yellow,yellow tomentose, with sparse yellow vestiture,anepisternum, katepisternum, and meron black-ish; haltere yellow. Wing (Fig. 1): Surface mostlyhyaline with sparse pale microtrichia; apical 1/4and narrow anterior margin brownish, color ex-tending posteriorly to base of Rs and R2+3. Crossveinr-m beyond apical 2/3, about as long as base of cellm1. Cell m1 constricted preapically, base narrow,much wider before constriction. Legs: Yellow withblack vestiture, narrow apices of femora and tibiae,and apical tarsomere brown. Coxae yellow, hindNew species of Damalis Fabricius (Diptera: Asilidae)from Thailand and ChinaAubrey G. ScarbroughVisiting ScholarDepartment of EntomologyThe University of ArizonaTucson, AZ 85741saubrey05@comcast.netAbstract: Damalis bigoti, new species, from Thailand, and D. candonensis, new species, from China, aredescribed, illustrated, and compared with known species from these regions.Key words: Asilidae, Damalis, new species, Thailand, China.64 Volume 20, No. 1-2, March-June, 2006, INSECTA MUNDIcoxa brownish-yellow tomentose, yellow setose. Hindtrochanter (Fig. 2) and all femora with black bris-tles ventrally, sparse thin bristles below fore andmiddle femora, shorter, thicker, and abundant be-low hind trochanter, sparser below hind femur.Hind femur (Fig. 2) club-shaped, basal 1/3 narrow,much wider beyond with greatest diameter of club3.2 times greater than base; apical 1/2 with tworows of stout bristles, long setae absent ventrally.Tibiae with sparse bristles, setae longer, most abun-dant apically. Hind tibia (Fig.2) slender, about aslong as hind femur, apex twice as wide as base.Tarsi with abundant black setae, especially ven-trally; pulvillus yellow, brownish-yellow basally;claws yellow basally, black apically.Abdomen: Slender, segment 5 only slightly widerthan segment 2. Tergites mostly sooty brownish-yellow to yellow with narrow apex black, tergite 1black; black setose. Sternites yellow, yellow tomen-tose, with sparse, yellow setae; sternite 1 brownish-yellow; sternites 2-7 without tomentum medially.Terminalia (Figs. 5-7): Brownish-yellow with abun-dant long black setae. Epandrium short, apex wideand truncate; notch between epandria narrow.Cercus and ventral lamella rounded apically. Gono-stylus flat, hooked in ventral view, apex curvedinward, producing thicker, spine-like appearancein lateral view. Gonocoxal process longer thanepandrium. Aedeagus tubular apically, with flatprocess ventrally. Hypandrium produced medially,notched laterally.Female. Unknown.Types. THAILAND, holotype M, I. R.Sc.N.B.~Thailand Loei-Na / Haeo [Province] Khring Tok /19.v.2003 (23041) / Leg. P. Grootaert. Paratype, 1M, Thailand, Proc. Loei / Na Haeo, Chang Tok  /waterfall, day catch / 18.v.2003 / Leg. K. Smets.Etymology. The name is in honor of Jacque M. F.Bigot for significant contributions to dipterologyand the first to describe a species in the genusDamalis.Remarks. Damalis bigoti keys to D. flaventis Scar-brough (2005) in the most recent treatment of thegenus from SE Asia. The insert of the followingcouplet will modify the key (couplet 7) for separat-ing the two species:7. Metacoxa yellow; hind trochanter yellow or brown-ish-yellow ........................................................7a— Metacoxa dark, brown or black ..........................87a. Mesopleuron mostly yellow, anepisternum,katepisternum, and meron brownish; hind fe-mur yellow, narrow apex blackish, stout bris-tles present on apical 1/2 ventrally; hind tibiaslender, straight, about as long as hind femur;abdomen mostly yellow, tergite 1 blackish; wingFigures 1-2. Wing and hind leg of Damalis bigoti, n. sp.Abbreviations, r-m=radial-medial crossvein, r4, m1, d = radial,medial, discal cells; tr=trochanter, fe=femur, tb=tibia.Figures 3-4. Wing and hind leg of D. candonensis, n. sp.65 INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 20, No. 1-2, March-June, 2006surface mostly hyaline, narrow anterior andapical 1/4 brownish, with sparse pale microtri-chia.................................................bigoti, n. sp.— Mesopleuron black; hind femur with wide brownband medially, stout bristles well before apical 1/2; hind tibia swollen, slightly curved, shorter thanhind femur; tergites 4-7 mostly to entirely black-ish; wing surface yellowish with abundant denseyellow microtrichia ......... flaventis Scarbrough.Damalis bigoti is further recognized from D.flaventis  (Scarbrough 2005) and other regionalcongeners by the combined characters of the termi-nalia (Figs. 5-7), especially the abundant long set-ae, flat, apically hooked gonostylus, the flat aedeagalprocess below the distiphallus, the narrow, shallownotch between the wide, apically truncate epan-dria, and the elongated ventral corner of the gono-coxite. The characters listed for D. bigoti in theFigures 5-7. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of the terminalia of Damalis bigoti, n. sp. Abbrevations, Ae=aedeagus, Aep=aedeagalprocess, Ce=cercus, Ep=epandrium, Gc=gonocoxite, Gcp=gonocoxal process, Gs=Gonostylus, Hp=hypandrium, No=notch,Vi=ventral lamella.66 Volume 20, No. 1-2, March-June, 2006, INSECTA MUNDImodified couplet also separate it from Damalislondti (Scarbrough 2005), another yellowish spe-cies from Thailand. The latter species is furtherdistinguished from D. bigoti by its mostly blackishpleura, dark metacoxa, coxae and hind trochanter,mostly black hind femur, and entirely hyaline wing.Damalis candonensis Scarbroughnew species(Figs. 3-4, 8-10)Male. Body and legs largely black. Measure-ments, body 15.0 mm, wings 11.3 mm. Head: Blackwith brownish-black to black tomentum. Face withsparse, mostly short, black setae, longest just abovebristles, 1/3-1/2 as long as mystax bristles; mystaxwith four black bristles. Palpus, proboscis, anten-na, and ocellar tubercle black, black setose; probos-cis unusually narrow in lateral view; scape withthin black setae, none extending beyond base offlagellum. Occiput with mostly sparse pale setae;two or three black setae ventrally. Thorax: Entirelyblack. Mesoscutum with wide middle and lateralstripes black tomentose, postpronotal spot, narrowsides, and prescutellum brownish-yellow; setaesparse, dorsal setae black, lateral and prescutellarsetae pale. Scutellum brownish-yellow tomentosewith pale scattered setae and preapical groove;apical margin polished black. Pleura mostly brown-ish-yellow tomentose, anepisternum blackish; ves-titure yellow; haltere yellow. Wing (Fig. 3): Surfacebrownish, darkest anteriorly, extending posterior-ly to r-m crossvein, with abundant blackish microt-richia, microtrichia sparse posteriorly. Crossvein r-m at apical 1/4 of discal cell, about as long as baseof cell m1. Cell m1 constricted preapically, basenarrow, much wider before constriction. Cell r4unusually narrow. Legs. Coxae, trochanters, andtarsi entirely black; femora and tibiae black apical-ly, color extending to or near base anteriorly on foreand middle femora and fore and hind tibiae; hindfemur with wide black band medially; color brown-ish-yellow elsewhere. Coxae and fore and middletrochanters pale setose; hind trochanter (Fig. 4)black setose, abundant stout setae ventrally. Fem-ora, tibiae and tarsi with black vestiture, often longand thin ventrally; ventral 1/2 of hind femur withtwo rows of setigerous bristles. Hind femur (Fig. 4)gradually wider from base to widest diameter,greatest diameter of club only slightly greater thanbasal 1/3; apical 1/2 with two rows of short bristlesventrally, basal 1/2 with abundant long setae. Hindtibia (Fig. 4) gradually swollen from base to apical1/5, abruptly narrowed dorsally to apex, greatestdiameter slightly less than twice that of base;shorter than length of hind femur. Tarsi withpulvillus yellow; claws black, hooked apically, yel-low basally. Abdomen: Spatulate, diameter of seg-ment 5 twice as wide as segment 2. Yellow, brown-ish-yellow dorsally, somewhat sooty glabrous, with-out noticeable tomentum; tergites 1 and 7 mostlyblackish, narrow apices of tergites 5 and 6 blackish;setae black. Sternites yellow, yellow tomentose,with sparse yellow setae; sternite 1 dark, blackishtomentose. Terminalia (Figs. 8-10): Brownish-yel-low, apically black; setae blackish. Cercus black,truncate apically. Ventral lamella V-shaped. Epan-drium long, apically pointed, epandrial notch wideand deep. Gonocoxal process subequal to epandri-um. Gonostylus narrow, slightly hooked apically.Distiphallus narrow, tubular apically, apex slight-ly turned dorsally, wider and abruptly narrowedventrally before apex.  Hypandrium strongly pro-duced medially, shorter than gonocoxite in lateralview, with abundant setae.Female. Measurements, body 14.0 mm, wings 12.5mm. Head: Dorsal and ventral occipital setae black-ish.  Legs: Fore femur entirely black anteriorly,brownish-yellow posteriorly. Anterior 1/3 of middlefemur posteriorly, narrow preapical band; narrowbase of hind femur brownish-yellow. Hind femurwith two rows of setigerous bristles on apical 2/3.Tibiae black except fore and middle tibiae posteri-orly and basal 1/2 of hind tibia.  Abdomen: Stronglyspatulate. Entirely black with bluish reflectionsdorsally and black setae, pale brownish-yellow to-mentose ventrally with sparse yellow setae, eachsternite with one to three small polished spots,often triangular-shaped, medially; sternite 1 black-ish tomentose.Types. CHINA, holotype M.R.ISc.N.B.~ China,Nanling [National Nature Reserve] / Manshan Go-angdong [Province] / forest 1500 meters / 8.v.2004(24009) / Leg. P. Grootaert. Paratype, 1 F,R.ISc.N.B.~ China, Nanling [National Nature Re-serve] / Ruyuan / Goangdong [Province] forest /forest near entrance / park / 8.v.2004 (24008) / Leg.P. Grootaert.Etymology. The name, candonensis, is a combina-tion of Candon, an obsolete French transliterationof the ‘Guangdong’ province, and the Latin ensis,referring to the type locality.67 INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 20, No. 1-2, March-June, 2006Figures 8-10. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of the terminalia of Damalis candonensis, n. sp. Abbrevations, Ae=aedeagus,Aep=aedeagal process, Ce=cercus, Ep=epandrium, Gc=gonocoxite, Gcp=gonocoxal process, Gs=Gonostylus, Hp= hypandrium,No=notch, Vi=ventral lamella.Remarks. Damalis candonensis differs from knownChinese congeners by the clavate abdomen, wingdark brown anteriorly with abundant blackish mi-crotrichia, and combined characters of the maleterminalia (Figs. 8-10), especially the producedhypandrium, epandrium longer than the gonocoxalprocess, the truncate cercus, and V-shaped ventrallamella. The female is distinguished further by thepolished black abdominal tergites with blue reflec-tions.AcknowledgmentsI thank the following colleagues for the loan ofDamalis specimens relevant to my studies of Dam-alis: Drs. Norman Penny (CASC), F. ChristianThompson (SEL, ARS, USDA), Frits Geller-Grimm(MWNH), J. Constant (IRSNB), Lars Vilhelmsenand Thomas Pape (ZMUC), Milan Kozanek (COMK),Pekka Vilkamaa (FNMH), and Darren Mann(UMO). Gary Steck (FSCA) and Torsten Dikow(AMNH) kindly reviewed the manuscript.68 Volume 20, No. 1-2, March-June, 2006, INSECTA MUNDIReferences citedArnett, R. H., Jr., G. A. Samuelson, and G. M.Nishida. 1993. The insect and spider collec-tions of the world, second edition. SandhillCrane Press, Inc., Gainesville, FL. i-vi+310pp.Geller-Grimm, F. 1997. A new species of DamalisFabricius from Sri Lanka (Diptera: Asilidae).Studia dipterologica 4(1): 197-200.Fabricius, J. C. 1805. Systema Antliatorum se-cundum ordines, genera, species adjectis syn-onymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus.373 pp., + 30 pp. (index) Brunsvigae [=Brun-swick].Joseph, A. N. T. and P. Parui. 1984a. A review ofthe Asilidae (Diptera) from the Oriental region.Oriental Insects 17: 269-393.Joseph, A. N. T. and P. Parui. 1984b. On someAsilidae (Diptera) from India and adjoiningcountries present in the British Museum (Nat-ural History). Oriental Insects 18: 53-71.Joseph, A. N. T. and P. Parui. 1985. New andlittle-known Indian Asilidae (Diptera) VII. Tennew Xenomyza Wiedemann and MicrostylumMacquart and keys to Indian species. Entomo-logia scandinavica 15(4): 443-453.Joseph, A. N. T. and P. Parui. 1987. 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New species of Damalis Fabricius (Diptera: Asilidae) from Thailand and China

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