Based on adult character states, a key is provided to the seven known species of Oreodicastes Maindron 1905 (type species Oxyglossus subcyaneus Chaudoir 1843). Two new species (with type locality) are described: O. virginia (Fa zenda dos Campos, Virginia, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil) and O. zikani (Macieiras, Itatiaia, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

Ball, George E.

Shpeley, Danny

English

Hochschulschriftenserver - Universität Frankfurt am Main

INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 15, No.2, June, 2001  71 A taxonomic review of species of the N eotropical pericaline genus Oreodicastes Maindron, 1905 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Lebiini) Danny Shpeley and George E.  Ball Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9 Canada Abstract. Based on adult character states, a  key is provided to the seven known species of Oreodicastes Maindron 1905 (type species Oxyglossus subcyaneus Chaudoir 1843). Two new species (with type locality) are described: O. virginia (Fa  zenda dos Campos, Virginia, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil) and O. zikani (Macieiras, Itatiaia, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Introduction The genus Oreodicastes Maindron probably is a phylogenetic relict, based on its restricted general-ly primitive features, loss of flight capability and markedly  restricted geographical distribution. With its few  known species facing extinction resulting from  habitat destruction (montane forest  in the Atlantic Forest region of southeastern Brazil), it seems important to provide as complete a record of the group as possible. We attempted to do just that, in our recently completed treatment of the Western Hemisphere Pericalina (Shpeley and Ball 2001: 29-36). However, within days of final review of page proof  of tha  t review, the second author found, in the collections of The Natural History Museum, Lon-don,  10  specimens of Oreodicastes  that had not been seen by us, previously. Careful examination of these  specimens  showed that four  species  were represented. To our surprise, if not chagrin, two of the species seemed to be undescribed. With the task incomplete of making known the diversity of Oreodicastes  and with knowledge of pericalines still fresh in our minds because of our recently completed study, we decided it would be desirable to make available knowledge of this new material forthwith. To provide a context for treat-ment of the new species, we offer a  diagnosis of Oreodicastes and a key that includes the now seven known species of the genus. Material and Methods Material.  This  study features  10  specimens  of Oreodicastes  from  the collections  of the Natural History Museum  (Cromwell  Road,  London  SW7 5BD, United Kingdom), but includes data based on material in our previous study of the genus (Shpe-ley and Ball 2001: 30-36). Methods. See Shpeley and Ball (2001: 5-7) for a full account of methods. Here, we report details about numerical  data,  which  are of immediate use in interpreting Table 1, and in using the key to spe-CIes. Measurements.  Measurements  were  made with an ocular micrometer in a  Wild M-5  micro-scope, at 25 X.  These, with abbreviations used in the text are: head length (HI)- linear distance from base of left mandible to posterior margin of left eye; width  of head  (Hw)- maximum  linear  distance across head, including eyes; width of frons (Fw)- linear distance across head, between eyes; length of pro  no  tum (PI)-linear distance from ante-rior to posterior margin, along midline; pronotum, maximum width (Pwm)- greatest linear transverse distance across pronotum; and length of elytra (EI)- linear distance from basal ridge to apex of longer elytron, measured along the suture. Standardized Body Length (SBL, mm), used as an expression of overall size, is the sum of HI, PI, and El. Descriptions. Descriptions are brief because of a paucity of morphological features to character-ize the species. Measurements and ratios provide some indication of proportions, and figures illus-trate features important in identification. 72 Oreodicastes Maindron Oreodicastes  Maindron  1905:  95.  - Shpeley and  Ball 2001: 30. Type species. Oxyglossus subcyaneus Chaudoir, 1843: 95 (by monotypy). Recognition. The genus Oreodicastes is a  thyre-opteroid pericaline. Its adults are black, with shiny dorsal surface, of moderate size (SBL ca. 8-13 mm), without lateral pronotal setae, metepisternum as wide or wider than long (indicating a  small met-athorax and absence of functional flight muscles), and with meta  thoracic wings small (thus incapable of sustaining flight). Males are without the patches of setae on the femora, pterosternum and abdomi-nal sterna which are characteristic of many species of the related genus Stenognathus Chaudoir. Also, the median lobe of the male genitalia is pleuropic (Figs. 1H-M). Description. Not required here. For details, see Shpeley and  Ball  (2001:  30-31).  To  the  generic description we add: tarsal claws serrate or smooth. Geographical distribution. The known range of this precinctive South American genus is confined to the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil, between 20°-23°  S  latitude and 42°-46°  W  longitude  (see Shpeley and Ball 2001:  52, Fig. 21). The species occupy three mountain ranges: Serra dos Orgaos; the proximate Serra da Mantequeira, across the Paracicaba Basin; and to the north, the more dis-tant Serra Cara<;a,  a  small eastern outlier of the extensive Serra do Espinha<;o. Included species. This genus includes seven spe-cies, each known from few (1-12) specimens. The two new species are described below; notes about O. gounellei Maindron and 0. subcyaneus (Chaudoir) are provided. The species treatments are arranged in  a  sequence  reflecting  our  views  about their relationships, from primitive to derived. Key to the species of Oreodicastes Maindron, based on character states of adults 1.  Elytron with surface of disc distinctly iridescent; microlines hardly evident at 50X;  sculpticells markedly  transverse,  extended  across  entire width of intervals. Geographical range: Serra Volume 15, No.2, June, 2001, INSECTA MUNDI I'. Cara9a, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil ............. . ................. O.  rhadamanthus Shpeley and Ball Elytron  with  surface  of disc  shining,  but  not iridescent; microlines distinctly visible at 50X; sculpticells transverse, 2X-4X longer than wide. Geographical range: Serra da Mantequeira or Serra dos Orgaos .............................................  2 2(1').  Elytron with basal ridge markedly sinuate, hu-merus (Fig.  IF) projected angularly anteriorly ........................................................................... 3 2'.  Elytron with basal ridge  slightly sinuate  (Fig. 1G),  humerus broadly rounded,  not projected anteriorly ..........................................................  4 3(2).  Head  with  eyes  more  projected  (ratio  Hw/Fw 1.468-1.499);  pronotum relatively wide  (ratio Hw/Pwm  0.704-0.723) ....................................... . ................................ O.  minos Shpeley and Ball 3'.  Head with eyes flatter (ratio Hw/Fw 1.312-1.389); pronotum  relatively  narrow  (ratio  Hw/Pwm 0.769-0.818) .................  O.  gounellei Maindron 4(2').  Pronotum with lateral groove narrow throughout length (Fig.  lA-B).  Geographical range: Serra da Mantequeira ...............................................  5 4'.  Pronotum with lateral groove distinctly widened posteriorly (Fig.  IE). Geographical range vari-ous ...................................................................... 6 5(4).  Pronotum with lateral margin evenly rounded; posteriolateral area widely depressed (Fig. 1B). Pro  no  tum  relatively  narrow  (ratio  Pl/Pwm 0.818) ........................  O.  virginia, new species 5'.  Pro  no  tum with lateral margin not evenly round-ed;  posteriolateral area not widely depressed (Fig.  1A).  Pronotum relatively narrower (ratio Pl/Pwm 0.846) .....  O.  aeacus Shpeley and Ball 6(4').  Pronotum relatively broad, ratio Hw/Pwm more than 0.650. Size smaller, SBL of males less than 10.50  mm,  of females,  less  than  12.10  mm. Geographical range: Serra do Orgaos (vicinity of Nova Friburgo, state of Rio de Janeiro) ..... . .  ................................. O.  subcyaneus (Chaudoir) 6'.  Pronotum relatively broader (Fig. IE), ratio Hwl Pwm less than 0.650. Size larger, SBL of male 12.13 mm, of female,  12.67 mm. Geographical range: Serra da Mantequeira (vicinity of Par  que Nacional do Itatiaia, state of Rio de Janeiro) . .......................................  0. zikani, new species Oreodicastes virginia, new species Fig.lB Type material. One specimen.  HOLOTYPE fe-male, labelled: "S.- Minas Geraesl Virginia: Fazd.a INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 15, No.2, June, 2001  73 A  B  c D E I F G Figure 1. Line drawings of  selected structures of  species of Oreodicastes. A -E, left half  of  pronotum, dorsal aspect, of: A, O. aeacus Shpeley and Ball; B, O. virginia, new species; C, O. gounellei Maindron; D, O. rhadamanthus Shpeley and Ball; and E, O. zilwni, new species. Figures 1A and 1  C-D from Sh  peley and Ball 2001: 34. F -G, left elytron basal  portion, dorsal aspect, of: F, O. minos Shpeley and Ball; G, O. zikani, new species. H-M, male genitalia (median lobe with internal sac expanded and everted)-H, J, and L, dorsal aspect and I, K, and M, left lateral aspect, respectively, of: H-I, O. gounellei Maindron; J-K, O. rhadamanthus Shpeley and Ball; and L-M, O. zikani, new species. Figures 1H-Kfrom  Shpeley and Ball200l: 35. Scale bars =  1 mm. Legend: ap, median lobe, apical portion; aI, internal sac, apical lobes; 2, 3, internal sac, basal lobes. 74  Volume 15, No.2, June, 2001, INSECTA MUNDI Table 1. Measurements and ratios of body proportions for the species of Oreodicastes Maindron Males Name of  Taxon  N  Range SBL(mm) O. aeacus Shpeley &  Ball 0. virginia, new species 0. gOllnellei Maindron  8.84 O. minos Shpeley & Ball  I  8.92 0. subcyaneus (Challdoir)  3  9.66-10.36 0. rhadamanthus Shpeley &  Ball  6  9.60-11.24 0. zikani, new species  12.13 Hw/Fw 0. aeacus Shpeley &  Ball 0. virginia, new species O. gOllnellei Maindron  1.389 O. minos Shpeley & Ball  1.468 0. slIbcyaneus (Challdoir)  3  1.425-1.499 O. rhadamanthus Shpeley &  Ball  6  1.464-1.543 0. zikani, new species  1.400 Hw/Pwm 0. aeaCliS Shpeley &  Ball 0. virginia, new species 0. gOllnellei Maindron  0.769 0. minos Shpeley & Ball  I  0.723 0. sllbcyanells (Challdoir)  3  0.659-0.698 0. rhadamanthus Shpeley &  Ball  6  0.634-0.692 0. zikani, new species  0.636 PIIPwm 0. aeacus Shpeley &  Ball 0. virginia, new species 0. goune/lei Maindron  0.769 O. minos Shpeley & Ball  I  0.800 0. subcyaneus (Challdoir)  3  0.756-0.772 0. rhadamanthus Shpeley &  Ball  6  0.753-0.785 O. zikani,new species  0.785 PilEI 0. aeaclls Shpeley &  Ball O. virginia, new species O. gOllnellei Maindron  0.338 0. minos Shpeley &  Ball  0.356 0. sllbcyanells (Challdoir)  2  0.359-0.370 O. rhadamanthus Shpeley &  Ball  6  0.375-0.409 O. zikani, new species  0.388 dosl  Campos.  1500 ml 23.7.19.  Zikan";  "f.  Best. 11.19351 von Zikan"; F. van Emdenl Bequest/ B.M. 1960-129" [BMNH]. Type locality. Fazenda dos Campos, near Virgin-ia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Specific epithet. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition, based on the name of the town near the type  locality.  ''Virginia''  is  used as the name of several localities in Minas Gerais. On the basis of altitude given on the locality label of the holotype, we infer that Fazenda  dos  Campos  is  near the Virginia located in the Serra da Mantequeira, at 22°20'8 45°06'W. Mean  N I 5 2 10.13  6 10.48  6 2 1.470  6 1.506  6 5 2 0.685  6 0.656  6 5 2 0.762  6 0.769  6 5 2 0.365  6 0.393  6 1 Females Range 10.96 9.76 9.12-9.57 9.36-9.40 9.96-12.08 9.80-11.80 12.67 1.404 1.404 1.312-1.385 1.470-1.499 1.396-1.488 1.277  -1.499 1.354 0.756 0.750 0.788-0.818 0.704-0.722 0.676-0.716 0.649-0.679 0.548 0.846 0.818 0.767-0.818 0.722-0.761 0.742-0.773 0.739-0.767 0.756 0.373 0.360 0.328-0.350 0.333-0.351 0.339-0.363 0.363-0.384 0.357 Mean 9.40 9.38 10.16 10.79 1.350 1.492 1.470 1.484 0.799 0.713 0.694 0.668 0.792 0.741 0.751 0.750 0.337 0.342 0.349 0.371 Recognition. The holotype of G.  virginia is most similar to that of G.  aeacus. They differ slightly in size  (G.  virginia is smaller, about 1  mm less in length and with a slightly  relatively narrower  prono-tum), but principally in details of the lateral margin and posteriolateral portion of the pronotum (Fig. 1B; cf.  Fig. 1A). Description.  With  character  states  of Greodi-castes, restricted or amplified as follows. For body size and values for  ratios Fw/Hw,  Hw/Pwm,  PII Pwm, and PIlEI, see Table 1. Microsculpture.  Elytron,  dorsal  surface  of disc,  with  microlines  seen  easily at  50X,  mesh pattern transverse, sculpticells 2 to 4 times longer than wide. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 15, No.2, June, 2001 Luster. Elytron with dorsal surface shining, slightly coppery tinged in indirect light, but not iridescent. Pronotum (Fig. 1B). Relatively narrow; later-al grooves each side widened posteriorly, more or less continuous each side with adjacent depressed area, and with shallow posteriolateral impression. Elytra. Elytron with basal ridge slightly sinu-ate, humerus broadly rounded, not projected ante-riorly. Habitat. Probably montane forest. Geographical distribution. This species is known from its type locality, only. Chorological affinities. This species is isolated from  the  known ranges  (i.e.,  localities)  of other species of Oreodicastes, though only by about 69 km from the locality for O.  aeacus and O.  minos. Phylogenetic relationships. Much like the pu-tatively primitive O.  aeacus,  the pronotum of O. virginia is more derived in surface sculpture. Thus, this species seems to be between 0. aeacus and the remaining species of the genus. Material examined. Holotype only.  For details, see above. Oreodicastes gounellei Maindron Figs. 1C, and 1H-I For details about this species, see Shpeley and Ball (2001: 32). Previously, Shpeley and Ball (2001: 32)  indicated the type locality of this species as being in "Parque Agulhas Negras", whereas the correct name is Parque Nacional do Itatiaia. This error was based on a misinterpretation of a locality label ("Parque Agulhas Negras") on one specimen of O. gounellei. Based on advice received from a Bra-zilian colleague, we are convinced that "Parque" on that label refers to Parque Nacional do  Itatiaia, with "Agulhas Negras" referring to the mountain ("Pico") ofthat name, which is situated within, and a prominent feature of,  said national park. Numerical data for the specimens in the collections of The Natural History Museum were incorporated with previously reported data, and entered in Table 1. 75 Material examined.  BRAZIL,  State of Rio  de Janeiro. Four females: Alto Itatiaia, 2200 m, 30.VI. 1933, J.F. Zikan (BMNH). Oreodicastes subcyaneus (Chaudoir) For details about this species, see Shpeley and Ball (2001:  35-36). Numerical data for the speci-mens  in the  collections  of The Natural History Museum were incorporated with previously report-ed data, and entered in Table 1. Material  examined.  BRAZIL,  Bowr  Tatum, 6.3.47* (BMNH): male, Rio; female 43/86. Oreodicastes zikani, new species Figs. IE, 1G and 1L-M Type material. Two specimens. HOLOTYPE male, labelled: "Itatiaya-1960m/Macieiras.l  20.-VII.1933/ J.F. Zikan"; "f.  Best. 11.1935/ von Zikan"; "161"; "gen.n. sp.n/ bei Oreodicastes" (handwritten); "F. van  Emden/  Bequest/  B.M.  1960-129"  (BMNH). ALLOTYPE female, labelled same as holotype ex-cept without determination label [BMNH]. Type locality. Macieiras, Itatiaia, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Probably this locality, like the one for O. gounellei, is in (or near) Parque Nacional do Itatiaia. Specific epithet. The specific epithet is an ep-onym based on the Latinized (genitive case) sur-name of the collector of the type material, the late Jose  Francisco  Zikan,  a  distinguished  Brazilian entomologist of the first half of the 20th Century, who was naturalist (1933-1949) at the Parque Na-cional do Itatiaia. See Araujo (1954). Recognition. The most striking feature about this species is relatively large size (SBL more than 12 mm), and broad pronotum (Fig. 1E, cf.  Fig. 1D). In the latter respect, the specimens of O.  zikani are much like those of 0. rhadamanthus. Additionally, this is the only known species of Oreodicastes with smooth tarsal claws. Males are distinctive in that the apical portion of the median lobe (Fig. 1L, ap) is more slender and longer than in other species (cf. Figs. 1H and 1J), and the inflated internal sac is more elaborately lobed.  Note also that, although this species  and  0.  gounellei  have virtually the same type locality,  they differ markedly in size, 76 proportions, and males differ in form of the median lobe and lobing of the internal sac (Figs. lL-M; cf. Figs. IH-I) Description.  With  character states  of Oreodi-castes, restricted or amplified as follows. For body size and values for  ratios Fw/Hw,  Hw/Pwm,  PII Pwm, and PlIEl, see Table l. Microsculpture.  Elytron,  dorsal  surface  of disc,  with  microlines  seen  easily at  50X,  mesh pattern transverse, sculpticells 2 to 4 times longer than wide. Luster. Elytron with dorsal surface shining, slightly coppery tinged in indirect light, but not iridescent. Pronotum (Fig. IE) . Relatively broad; lateral grooves each side markedly widened posteriorly, more or less continuous each side with adjacent depressed area and with shallow posteriolateral impression. Elytra. Elytron with basal ridge slightly sinu-ate, humerus (Fig.  IG) broadly rounded, not pro-jected anteriorly. Legs. Tarsal claws smooth. Male genitalia  (Figs. lL-M). Median lobe pleu-ropic, in dorsal aspect (Fig. lL) with apical portion (ap)  relatively long  and narrow,  apex  narrowly rounded; in left lateral aspects (Fig.  1M) slightly curved,  without  abrupt  deflection.  Internal sac inflated and everted extended at about right angles to median lobe,  with two basal lobes  (2  and 3); apical portion (al) trilobed. Habitat. Probably montane forest. Geographical distribution. This species is known from its type locality, only. Chorological  affinities.  This  species  and  O. gounellei are both known from the vicinity  of  Par  que Volume 15, No.2, June, 2001, INSECTA MUNDI Agulhas  Negras.  It  seems  likely that they  are sympatric, though they may be isolated from one another altitudinally. Phylogenetic relationships. Similarity in body form and in details of the internal sac of the male genitalia suggest a  close relationship between 0. zikani and O.  rhadamanthus (Figs. lL-M; cf.  Figs. IJ-K),  even though the  two  species  seem to  be widely separated geographically. Material examined. Type material only. For de-tails, see above. Acknow  ledgements We thank Sergio A. Vanin (University of Sao Paulo, Brazil) for information that he provided on short notice on our request concerning the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia. The second author is pleased to thank Stuart J. Hine and Martin J. D. Brendell for the hospitality extended to him on his recent visit to The Natural History Museum and for the loan of specimens of Oreodicastes. An early draft of this paper was reviewed by our colleagues Douglas A. Craig and Bruce S. Heming, of our Department. References Arujo, R.L. 1954. "Jose Francisco Zikan". Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 1:  119-128. Shpeley, D. and G. E. Ball. 2001. A Taxonomic Review of the Subtribe Pericalina (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Lebiini) in  the Western Hemisphere, with  descriptions  of  new  species  and  notes about classification and zoogeography. Insecta Mundi (2000) 14: 1-185. 

A Taxonomic Review of the Subtribe Pericalina (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Lebiini) in the Western Hemisphere, with descriptions of new species and notes about classification and zoogeography. Insecta

A taxonomic review of species of the Neotropical pericaline genus Oreodicastes Maindron, 1905 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Lebiini)

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