McDonald, D

Mehan, V K

Nigam, S N

Smith, D H

Upadhyaya, H D

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Breeding Resistant Varieties: A Component for Aflu.to:.rln Management in Groundnut H.D. Upadhyaya, S.N. Nigam. V.I\. Mehall. D. McDonald. and D.H. Smith I The contamination of groundnu t (Aracltis hypogaea L.) by aflntoxi lls is a seriou s problem In most grou ndllu t produ cing cOlilltries. The aflatoxin producing fungi . Aspergillus J1avus and A. parasiUcus. can Illvade grolll1dnut seed ill the field before hmvesL dmillg dryiIlg and Cllrillg after harvest. and in storage. The semi-mid tropics me condllcive to preharvesl aflatoxin contamination when crops experience drollght beforc harvest. III wet and humid areas. post harvest cOlltamillatioll is more importallt. Breeding resistant varieties should provide alllJJ1portant COlllpOlh�llt for tile integrated managemellt of anatoxin. Types of Resistance. The resistance to aflatoxin procillcillg fllngi operate at three sites: the pod. the testa. and the cotyledons. Sources of rcsisl<'1I1ce to pod infectioll. seed colonization , seed infectioll . and aflatoxin productioll have been idelltifled. Breeding for Resistance. Breeding high -yielding groll lid 1111 t varieties res istant 10 seed illfection alld colonization by A.J7ClVUS and J\. purctsiticus and/ or to aflatoxin production is a major objec t ive at ICl{ISAT. We lJave used sources ofresistallce to seed infection/colonization. ami two sOl l rces of resistallce to anatoxin production In all efforl (0 COl il iJi ll C 1111l11i·sUe resistall ces with high yield. I. (lroulldllul Breeder; PrlIlclpal Uroul1dllul lJreetil'r; Gioundnul 1';llilologlsl; 1'logl;lI11 1)IIITlnr (lpgUlllt'S): ,111<1 Prlnclpa( Legul11es P<llilo\oglsl. ICHISi\T e(,lIl!'r. 1'i1lanclll"ru 1'.0., !\ndhr;l 1'1 :I!\I ''<'; 11 502 32'\, 111<11<1. Wnllyar. F .. Nlnl'l'. B.n.. ali<I WillIams. J.II. (cds.) 1993. SIIIlIIIHlIY Ploeecclllll(s 01 lheTlllrrl1C'H1SI\'\' Heghlll,,1 (�IOllllcl-1l1l1 Mcetlng IClI' Wesl All lea. 11\ -17 Scp I B9l. Ollagnclollgoll. \lllrldll" I'aso (Ill Ell . . 1'1'.1 Palal1('\I'·III. A I' flO? 3/./1. IIIrlia Inlerllatlonal Crops Reseal 1'\1 Instllulc ror Ihc Scml-ariel TropIcs. 31 Selection. We have modified Ollr breeding scheme to the single seed descent method for generation advance and delay selection until the 1"4 generation. In the F5 generation. selected single plants are evaluated in progeny rows for react ions to diseases and insect pests. and yield potential. Phenotypically ulliform progenies are evaluated for resistance to preharvest seed Infect Ion In imposed drought,conclIUons. Lines are then evaluated for yield In replicated trials. anel for resistance to seed colonization in the laboratory. Selected advanced breeding lines are evaluated for aflatOXin con tamillallon. Next. breeding lin es with resistance to aflatoxin contamination and high yield potential are evaluated in international trials. Resistant maierlal reaches farmers throngh Ollr cooperators in the national programs. Progress in Breeding for Resistance. Several hundred breeding lines have been evaluated for resistance to seed colonization in laboratory tests. We evaluated I 19 lines for resisiance to nat ural seedlnfectton and yield. Some HIles have conl:lislen Uy shown resistance to seedlnfecUon and colonization alld have given high yields: rCGVs 88135.88145. 89063.89106.89112. and 89115'1 The short-dmallon variety. ICGV 86168. yielded 18% more than the reslslnnt control variety J 1 J (1.74 t ha·l) In 12 evalllations and showed equal or more resistance to seed colonization and Infection. Three lCRISAT breediIlg lines (ICGVs 87094. 87107. and 87110) have shown resist ance at three locations in Niger. The limitations of resistant sources malces the breeding of varieUes completely free from aflatoxin c01l1alllinMIon very d jfflcu lt . Future Plans. As we need to know the allelic relationship between the genes for resistance in differen1 sources. we Initiated genetiC studies on the inheritance of resistance to seed colonization and aflatOXin production. We t:J1 arled the secone! cycle of breeding and selection. with the newly developed seed infeclloll / colon izaUoll resistant varieties as parents. We shall evaluate selected varieties for resistance to seed infection and colonization by aflatOXin producing fungi in muJtllocalional trials. 32 

Breeding resistant varieties: A component for Aflatoxin management in groundnut

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Breeding resistant varieties: A component for Aflatoxin management in groundnut

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