Development and validation of the Short Version of Diabetes Obstacles Questionnaire (DOQ) to assess obstacles in managing Type 2 diabetes among patients of Estonia
The aim of this study was to develop the Short Version of Diabetes Obstacles Questionnaire
(SDOQ), a less time consuming measure, to assess the obstacles in managing type 2 diabetes
among patients in Estonia. The SDOQ is based on the 78-item Diabetes Obstacles
Questionnaire previously validated in Estonia (DOQ; Kongi, 2001; Hearnshaw, Dale, Sturt,
Vermeire, and Van Royen, 2007). 267 respondents participated in the study (137 in Estonia,
130 in Slovenia). General practitioners invited 5 consecutive diabetic patients to participate in
the study, who completed the DOQ and the Problem Areas in Diabetes Score (PAID; Welch,
Jacobson, and Polonsky, 1997). Demographic and medical data was collected in addition.
Statistical analyses for estimating dimensionality and homogeneity of the measure, and
correlations with the PAID and glycemic control were performed in SPSS version 15.0.
Further analysis of dimensionality of the SDOQ subscales, and measurement invariance cross
culturally was estimated on data of Estonian and Slovenian respondents with single- and
multi-group Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with program Lisrel 8.80 (Jöerskog &
Sörbrom, 2006). CFA resulted in the 40-item measure with 6 subscales. The subscales
demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha .67-.86 in Estonia, and .66-
.85 in Slovenia) and CFA models showed acceptable fit levels. Most subscales were
significantly correlated with the PAID (Pearson r from 0.15 to 0.46 in Estonia, and .07-.45).
Acceptable measurement invariance was only partly confirmed. Therefore, future research is
needed to confirm the cross-cultural validity of the SDOQ. In conclusion, the SDOQ is a valid
instrument to measure obstacles to treatment adherence and diabetes self-management living
in Estonia.http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2647738~S1*es