Data on respondent use of prescription and select over-the-counter (aspirin-containing and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory) medications were collected during the Wave IV in-home interview. The process of collecting the prescription medication data, therapeutically classifying the prescription medications, and structuring a file of the therapeutic classifications for dissemination to users is described below. The questions concerning use of aspirin-containing and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications are detailed in the Section 6 codebook of the in-home interview

Tabor, Joyce W.

Whitsel, Eric

Carolina Digital Repository

Add Health Wave IV Documentation Prescription Medication Use Report prepared by Joyce Tabor Eric A. Whitsel Add Health is supported by grant P01-HD31921 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, with cooperative funding from 23 other federal agencies and foundations.  Further information may be obtained by contacting Add Health at addhealth@unc.edu. 2010 Carolina Population Center    University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 123 Franklin Street Chapel Hill, NC 27516-2524 https://doi.org/10.17615/C6VW8J  Introduction Data on respondent use of prescription and select over-the-counter (aspirin-containing and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory) medications were collected during the Wave IV in-home interview.  The process of collecting the prescription medication data, therapeutically classifying the prescription medications, and structuring a file of the therapeutic classifications for dissemination to users is described below.  The questions concerning use of aspirin-containing and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications are detailed in the Section 6 codebook of the in-home interview.   Collection of Prescription Medication Data  Initial Contact   At the end of the phone conversation confirming the interview appointment date and time, the field interviewer told the respondent that information on use of medications would be collected at the interview.  The interviewer also suggested that it would help to have their medications handy at that time so they could be recorded properly.  Doing so alerted the respondent to bring medication containers to the interview.    Interview  Medication data were collected at the end of the Biomarker section of the interview using a computer-assisted questionnaire.  The questions followed a preface read by the interviewer to the respondent:  “As you know, I want to record all prescription medications that you have used in the past four weeks. These medications include solid and non-solid formulations that you may swallow, inhale, apply to the skin or hair, inject, implant, or place in the ears, eyes, nose, mouth, or any other part of the body. (If female add: This also includes prescription birth control.)”    This preface was followed by Question 1:  “Have you taken any prescription medications in the last four weeks?”  Of the 15,701 Wave IV respondents, 9,876 (63%) answered “No”, 5,820 (37%) “Yes”, 4 (<1%) “Don’t know”, and 1 (<1%) refused to answer the question.  If the respondent answered “Yes”, the interviewer was presented with the following instruction:  “If the interview is being conducted in the respondent’s home or the medications are conveniently available (e.g., in a purse) ask the respondent to assemble the medications or their containers now so that you can record information about them.  If the respondent is unable or unwilling to assemble them now, ask him/her to list them from memory.”   The interviewer then recorded whether the respondent presented each medication or its container at the interview or listed the medication name from memory.  Of the 10,711 medications reported by the 5,820 respondents who answered “Yes” to Question 1, 2,345 (22%) were from memory.   Next, the interviewer typed the name of each medication, one by one, into the computer.  As the interviewer began typing each medication name, a look-up list of medications with identical or   similar names was displayed on screen.  The interviewer highlighted and selected the name on the look-up list matching each medication. In the absence of a matching name on the look-up list, the interviewer typed “Name not on list”.  During the Wave IV Pretest, the look-up list of medications available to the interviewer was based on an August 1, 2006 copy of a medication information and classification database (Multum LexiconTM, Cerner Multum, Inc.; Denver, CO).  This look-up list was created by excerpting all 15,871 generic and brand names that were included in the database at that time.  New medication names were added to the look-up list on December 17, 2007, bringing the total to 18,110 medication names during the Wave IV Main Study.   When the medication name typed by the interviewer was not on the look-up list, the interviewer manually keyed the entire medication name.  Of the 10,711 medications reported by respondents, 117 (1%) were manually keyed by the interviewer.  The medication name was recalled from memory for 50 (43%) of these 117 medications.  After the first medication was entered, the interviewer asked Question 2:  “Do you take any additional medications?”    To this question, 2,533 (43.5%) respondents replied, “Yes”.  For those responding “Yes”, the second medication was entered into the computer as described above and Question 2 was repeated until the respondent reported taking no other medications.  Wave IV respondents who reported taking medication took an average of 1.8 (range: 1-18) medications.    Therapeutic Classification of Prescription Medications  In 2009, a contract allowing for therapeutic classification of the prescription medications in the look-up list using an updated version of the Multum LexiconTM (Lexicon PlusTM, Lexi-Comp®, Inc.; Hudson, OH) was executed.  Of the 10,711 medications reported by respondents, 153 (1%) could not be automatically assigned to a therapeutic class using this database.  A general internist and cardiovascular epidemiologist with expertise in medication classification manually assigned therapeutic classes to the 153 medications using two on-line coding databases (Lexi-Comp® On-LineTM, Lexi-Comp®, Inc.; Hudson, OH and MICROMEDEX® 1.0, Thomson Reuters Healthcare, Inc; Philadelphia, PA).  The Wave IV medication file therefore contains the therapeutic class for 10,711 medications.     In the data file, the nine-digit therapeutic classification codes associated with each medication include a hierarchical series of up to three, three-digit codes representing, from left to right, the (general) therapeutic class, the (more specific) therapeutic subclass, and (most specific) therapeutic subgroup.  For example, a medication coded 001-009-161 is in the anti-infective class, cephalosporins subclass, and third generation cephalosporins subgroup.  A medication coded 001-018-*** is in the anti-infective class and aminoglycosides subclass.  In other words, three, right-sided asterisks (***) in the nine-digit code indicate that subgrouping was impossible and six (***-***) indicate that both subclassification and subgrouping were impossible.  A medication coded 998-998-998 indicates that the respondent could not (or refused to) name the medication he / she reported taking, or that classification of it was impossible.  Because the study did not collect indications for treatment and some medications are used on- or off-label to treat a variety of conditions, each medication may be associated with up to four unique, nine-digit therapeutic classification codes, i.e. Sets 1-4.  See Therapeutic Classification Codes below to link the three-digit codes and the corresponding class, subclass, and subgroup names.    Structure of the Prescription Medication Data File  The disseminated prescription medication data file is hierarchical, i.e. it is a medication-level file with the therapeutic classification for each medication listed as one observation.  If a respondent reported taking more than one medication, the respondent AID will be in the file more than once.  The file includes the following variables:  AID  Respondent identifier SET1 Therapeutic Classification – Set 1 SET2 Therapeutic Classification – Set 2 SET3 Therapeutic Classification – Set 3 SET4 Therapeutic Classification – Set 4 MED_TOT Total number of medications reported by the respondent   Given all of the former complexities, Add Health users possessing no to little prior experience working with medication data are strongly advised to collaborate with a health care professional familiar with the challenges and pitfalls associated with doing so.      Copyright 2009 Lexi-comp, Inc. and Cerner Multum, Inc.  All rights reserved. This system is covered by U.S. Patent No. 5,833,599 and U.S. Patent No. 6,317,719.    Table.  Therapeutic Classification Codes Code Name 001 anti-infectives 002 amebicides 003 anthelmintics 004 antifungals 005 antimalarial agents 006 antituberculosis agents 007 antiviral agents 008 carbapenems 009 cephalosporins 010 leprostatics 011 macrolide derivatives 012 miscellaneous antibiotics 013 penicillins 014 quinolones 015 sulfonamides 016 tetracyclines 017 urinary anti-infectives 018 aminoglycosides 019 antihyperlipidemic agents 020 antineoplastics 021 alkylating agents 022 antibiotics/antineoplastics 023 antimetabolites 024 hormones/antineoplastics 025 miscellaneous antineoplastics 026 mitotic inhibitors 027 radiopharmaceuticals 028 biologicals 030 antitoxins and antivenins 031 bacterial vaccines 032 colony stimulating factors 033 immune globulins 034 in vivo diagnostic biologicals 036 recombinant human erythropoietins 037 toxoids 038 viral vaccines 039 miscellaneous biologicals 040 cardiovascular agents 041 agents for hypertensive emergencies 042 angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors 043 antiadrenergic agents, peripherally acting 044 antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting 045 antianginal agents 046 antiarrhythmic agents 047 beta-adrenergic blocking agents 048 calcium channel blocking agents 049 diuretics 050 inotropic agents 051 miscellaneous cardiovascular agents 052 peripheral vasodilators   053 vasodilators 054 vasopressors 055 antihypertensive combinations 056 angiotensin II inhibitors 057 central nervous system agents 058 analgesics 059 miscellaneous analgesics 060 narcotic analgesics 061 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents 062 salicylates 063 analgesic combinations 064 anticonvulsants 065 antiemetic/antivertigo agents 066 antiparkinson agents 067 anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics 068 barbiturates 069 benzodiazepines 070 miscellaneous anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics 071 CNS stimulants 072 general anesthetics 073 muscle relaxants 074 neuromuscular blocking agents 076 miscellaneous antidepressants 077 miscellaneous antipsychotic agents 079 psychotherapeutic combinations 080 miscellaneous central nervous system agents 081 coagulation modifiers 082 anticoagulants 083 antiplatelet agents 084 heparin antagonists 085 miscellaneous coagulation modifiers 086 thrombolytics 087 gastrointestinal agents 088 antacids 089 anticholinergics/antispasmodics 090 antidiarrheals 091 digestive enzymes 092 gallstone solubilizing agents 093 GI stimulants 094 H2 antagonists 095 laxatives 096 miscellaneous GI agents 097 hormones 098 adrenal cortical steroids 099 antidiabetic agents 100 miscellaneous hormones 101 sex hormones 102 contraceptives 103 thyroid drugs 104 immunosuppressive agents 105 miscellaneous agents 106 antidotes 107 chelating agents 108 cholinergic muscle stimulants 109 local injectable anesthetics 110 miscellaneous uncategorized agents 111 psoralens   112 radiocontrast agents 113 genitourinary tract agents 114 illicit (street) drugs 115 nutritional products 116 iron products 117 minerals and electrolytes 118 oral nutritional supplements 119 vitamins 120 vitamin and mineral combinations 121 intravenous nutritional products 122 respiratory agents 123 antihistamines 124 antitussives 125 bronchodilators 126 methylxanthines 127 decongestants 128 expectorants 129 miscellaneous respiratory agents 130 respiratory inhalant products 131 antiasthmatic combinations 132 upper respiratory combinations 133 topical agents 134 anorectal preparations 135 antiseptic and germicides 136 dermatological agents 137 topical anti-infectives 138 topical steroids 139 topical anesthetics 140 miscellaneous topical agents 141 topical steroids with anti-infectives 143 topical acne agents 144 topical antipsoriatics 146 mouth and throat products 147 ophthalmic preparations 148 otic preparations 149 spermicides 150 sterile irrigating solutions 151 vaginal preparations 153 plasma expanders 154 loop diuretics 155 potassium-sparing diuretics 156 thiazide diuretics 157 carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 158 miscellaneous diuretics 159 first generation cephalosporins 160 second generation cephalosporins 161 third generation cephalosporins 162 fourth generation cephalosporins 163 ophthalmic anti-infectives 164 ophthalmic glaucoma agents 165 ophthalmic steroids 166 ophthalmic steroids with anti-infectives 167 ophthalmic anti-inflammatory agents 168 ophthalmic lubricants and irrigations 169 miscellaneous ophthalmic agents 170 otic anti-infectives 171 otic steroids with anti-infectives   172 miscellaneous otic agents 173 HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors 174 miscellaneous antihyperlipidemic agents 175 protease inhibitors 176 NRTIs 177 miscellaneous antivirals 178 skeletal muscle relaxants 179 skeletal muscle relaxant combinations 180 adrenergic bronchodilators 181 bronchodilator combinations 182 androgens and anabolic steroids 183 estrogens 184 gonadotropins 185 progestins 186 sex hormone combinations 187 miscellaneous sex hormones 191 narcotic analgesic combinations 192 antirheumatics 193 antimigraine agents 194 antigout agents 195 5HT3 receptor antagonists 196 phenothiazine antiemetics 197 anticholinergic antiemetics 198 miscellaneous antiemetics 199 hydantoin anticonvulsants 200 succinimide anticonvulsants 201 barbiturate anticonvulsants 202 oxazolidinedione anticonvulsants 203 benzodiazepine anticonvulsants 204 miscellaneous anticonvulsants 205 anticholinergic antiparkinson agents 206 miscellaneous antiparkinson agents 208 SSRI antidepressants 209 tricyclic antidepressants 210 phenothiazine antipsychotics 211 platelet aggregation inhibitors 212 glycoprotein platelet inhibitors 213 sulfonylureas 214 non-sulfonylureas 215 insulin 216 alpha-glucosidase inhibitors 217 bisphosphonates 218 alternative medicines 219 nutraceutical products 220 herbal products 222 penicillinase resistant penicillins 223 antipseudomonal penicillins 224 aminopenicillins 225 beta-lactamase inhibitors 226 natural penicillins 227 NNRTIs 228 adamantane antivirals 229 purine nucleosides 230 aminosalicylates 231 nicotinic acid derivatives 232 rifamycin derivatives 233 streptomyces derivatives   234 miscellaneous antituberculosis agents 235 polyenes 236 azole antifungals 237 miscellaneous antifungals 238 antimalarial quinolines 239 miscellaneous antimalarials 240 lincomycin derivatives 241 fibric acid derivatives 242 psychotherapeutic agents 243 leukotriene modifiers 244 nasal lubricants and irrigations 245 nasal steroids 246 nasal antihistamines and decongestants 247 nasal preparations 248 topical emollients 249 antidepressants 250 monoamine oxidase inhibitors 251 antipsychotics 252 bile acid sequestrants 253 anorexiants 254 immunologic agents 256 interferons 257 immunosuppressive monoclonal antibodies 261 heparins 262 coumarins and indandiones 263 impotence agents 264 urinary antispasmodics 265 urinary pH modifiers 266 miscellaneous genitourinary tract agents 267 ophthalmic antihistamines and decongestants 268 vaginal anti-infectives 269 miscellaneous vaginal agents 270 antipsoriatics 271 thiazolidinediones 272 proton pump inhibitors 273 lung surfactants 274 cardioselective beta blockers 275 non-cardioselective beta blockers 276 dopaminergic antiparkinsonism agents 277 5-aminosalicylates 278 cox-2 inhibitors 279 gonadotropin releasing hormones 280 thioxanthenes 281 neuraminidase inhibitors 282 meglitinides 283 thrombin inhibitors 284 viscosupplementation agents 285 factor Xa inhibitors 286 mydriatics 287 ophthalmic anesthetics 288 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors 289 antihyperuricemic agents 290 topical antibiotics 291 topical antivirals 292 topical antifungals 293 glucose elevating agents 295 growth hormones   296 inhaled corticosteroids 297 mucolytics 298 mast cell stabilizers 299 anticholinergic bronchodilators 300 corticotropin 301 glucocorticoids 302 mineralocorticoids 303 agents for pulmonary hypertension 304 macrolides 305 ketolides 306 phenylpiperazine antidepressants 307 tetracyclic antidepressants 308 SSNRI antidepressants 309 miscellaneous antidiabetic agents 310 echinocandins 311 dibenzazepine anticonvulsants 312 cholinergic agonists 313 cholinesterase inhibitors 314 antidiabetic combinations 315 glycylcyclines 316 cholesterol absorption inhibitors 317 antihyperlipidemic combinations 318 insulin-like growth factor 319 vasopressin antagonists 320 smoking cessation agents 321 ophthalmic diagnostic agents 322 ophthalmic surgical agents 323 antineoplastic monoclonal antibodies 324 antineoplastic interferons 325 sclerosing agents 327 antiviral combinations 328 antimalarial combinations 329 antituberculosis combinations 330 antiviral interferons 331 radiologic agents 332 radiologic adjuncts 333 miscellaneous iodinated contrast media 334 lymphatic staining agents 335 magnetic resonance imaging contrast media 336 non-iodinated contrast media 337 ultrasound contrast media 338 diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals 339 therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals 340 aldosterone receptor antagonists 341 atypical antipsychotics 342 renin inhibitors 343 tyrosine kinase inhibitors 344 nasal anti-infectives 345 fatty acid derivative anticonvulsants 346 gamma-aminobutyric acid reuptake inhibitors 347 gamma-aminobutyric acid analogs 348 triazine anticonvulsants 349 carbamate anticonvulsants 350 pyrrolidine anticonvulsants 351 carbonic anhydrase inhibitor anticonvulsants 352 urea anticonvulsants 353 anti-angiogenic ophthalmic agents   354 H. pylori eradication agents 355 functional bowel disorder agents 356 serotoninergic neuroenteric modulators 357 growth hormone receptor blockers 358 metabolic agents 359 peripherally acting antiobesity agents 360 lysosomal enzymes 361 miscellaneous metabolic agents 362 chloride channel activators 363 probiotics 364 antiviral chemokine receptor antagonist 365 medical gas 366 integrase strand transfer inhibitor 368 non-ionic iodinated contrast media 369 ionic iodinated contrast media 370 otic steroids 371 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors 372 amylin analogs 373 incretin mimetics 374 cardiac stressing agents 375 peripheral opioid receptor antagonists 376 radiologic conjugating agents 377 prolactin inhibitors 378 drugs used in alcohol dependence 379 next generation cephalosporins 380 topical debriding agents 381 topical depigmenting agents 382 topical antihistamines 383 antineoplastic detoxifying agents 384 platelet-stimulating agents 385 group I antiarrhythmics 386 group II antiarrhythmics 387 group III antiarrhythmics 388 group IV antiarrhythmics 389 group V antiarrhythmics 390 hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer 391 mTOR kinase inhibitors 392 otic anesthetics 393 cerumenolytics 394 topical astringents   

Add Health Wave IV Documentation: Prescription Medication Use

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Add Health Wave IV Documentation: Prescription Medication Use

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