'Faculty of Political Science, University of Zagreb'
Abstract
Autor analizira rezultate slovenskih parlamentarnih izbora, održanih 10. studenoga 1996., smještajući ih u kontekst strukture političkih institucija i obilježja stranačkog sustava. Slovenski je ustavni sustav ustrojen kao parlamentarna demokracija, a parlament ima obilježja ograničenoga dvodomnog sustava, u kojem je gornji dom zasnovan na načelu funkcionalno-teritorijalne reprezentacije i ima ograničene ingerencije. Parlamentarni je stranački sustav određen sastavom donjeg doma, Narodne skupštine. Na prethodnim izborima 1992. čak je osam stranaka osvojilo mandate u parlamentu, što je rezultiralo pluraliziranim stranačkim sustavom, disperzijom političkog utjecaja stranaka i nužnošću formiranja koalicijske vlade. Sve do početka 1996. na vlasti je bila trojna, politički uravnotežena koalicija, okupljena oko centrističke stranke Liberalna demokracija Slovenije. Izlaskom reformiranih komunista iz vlade došlo je do pomicanja političke ravnoteže prema desnom centru. Pomak javnog mnijenja udesno zabilježen je i tijekom predizborne kampanje. Izbori, na kojima je sedam stranaka ušlo u parlament, proizveli su izrazito polarizirani stranački sustav: s jedne strane nalazi se koalicija triju desnih stranaka, a s druge strane liberali, kao najjača parlamentarna stranka, te ostale manje stranke. Jednaka distribucija mandata između ta dva pola stvorila je privremeni politički pat, koji otežava formiranje koalicijske vlade.The author analyzes the results of Slovenian parliamentary elections, held on November 10th 1996, within the context of the structure of political institutions and characteristics of the party system. The Slovenian constitutional system is a parliamentary democracy. The parliament consists of two houses. The upper house is based on the principle of functional and territorial representation with limited authority. The parliamentary party system is defined by the composition of the lower house, National Assembly. In the elections of 1992, as many as eight parties won places in the parliament, which resulted in the pluralized party system, the dispersion of the political clout of various parties and the necessity of forming a coalition government. Up to the beginning of 1996, the power was held by the tripartite, politically balanced coalition, gathered round a centrist party, Liberal Democracy of Slovenia. The withdrawal of the reformed communists from the government shifted the political balance towards centre right. The corresponding rightist shift of the public opinion was noted during the preelection campaign as well. The outcome of the elections, in which seven parties ran for the parliament, has been an extremely polarized party system: on the one hand, there is a coalition of three rightist parties, and on the other there are the liberals, as the strongest parliamentary party, and other smaller parties. The even distribution of mandates between these two poles has, for the time being, brought about the political stalemate, which stands in the way of forming a coalition government
