Gospodarsku vrijednost nekog genotipa (hibrida ili sorte) ne čini samo
njegova produktivnost, otpornost na bolesti, sušu, polijeganje itd., već
sposobnost da pozitivna svojstva zadrži u različitim okolinskim uvjetima
proizvodnje. U prirodi postoji jaka interakcija genotipa i okoline, koju svaki
oplemenjivač nastoji procjeniti nakon stvaranja novih genotipova. U 2008.
godini, na polju Poljoprivrednog instituta Osijek, napravljene su 24 nove
hibridne kombinacije suncokreta križanjem tri citoplazmatski muško sterilne
linije i osam restorer linija. Tijekom 2009. i 2010. godine, postavljeni su
poljski pokusi na lokacijama: Beli Manastir (BM09 i BM10), Osijek (Os09 i
Os10) i Nova Gradiška (NG09 i NG10), a 2010. pokus je postavljen i u
Vukovaru (Vu10). Iz podataka uroda zrna, sadržaja ulja te uroda ulja, za obje
godine i sve lokacije (7 okolina), napravljena je analiza varijance (ANOVA)
i Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interactions (AMMI) analiza te
AMMI1 i AMMI2 biploti. Hibridi su se značajno razlikovali u urodu zrna,
sadržaju ulja i urodu ulja po istraživanim lokacijama i godinama. Prosječno,
za sve istraživane hibride u sedam okolina, urod zrna je bio 3,3 t/ha, sadržaj
ulja 47,5 %, a urod ulja 1,423 t/ha. Značajno najveći urod zrna i ulja ostvaren
je u okolini Os09 (4,220 i 1,831 t/ha), a sadržaj ulja u NG10 (50,6 %).
Najveći urod zrna, u sedam okolina, ostvario je hibrid OS-H-4 (3,913 t/ha).
Ovaj hibrid je imao i najveći urod ulja (1,721 t/ha). Najveći sadržaj ulja u
zrnu suncokreta imao je hibrid OS-H-1 (50,6 %). AMMI analizom uroda
zrna, sadržaja ulja i uroda ulja, prve dvije IPCA komponente bile su značajne
na razini 0,01, odnosno 0,05, i objašnjavaju 58,5, 73,7 i 60,5 % od ukupne interakcije genotip x okolina. AMMI1 i AMMI2 biploti su pokazali da je
hibrid s najvećim urodom zrna i ulja (OS-H-4), ispoljio malu interakciju sa
okolinom, odnosno imao je veliku stabilnost, a hibrid koji je imao najveći
sadržaj ulja (OS-H-1) imao je veliku interakciju s okolinom, odnosno malu
stabilnost. Pored toga, hibridi OS-H-12, OS-H-15 i OS-H-19 ispoljili su
dobru stabilnost za urod zrna, OS-H-4, OS-H-7 i OS-H-18 za sadržaj ulja, a
OS-H-1, OS-H-9 i OS-H-18 z a urod u lja. O vi h ibridi s u i mali z a s va t ri
istraživana svojstva vrijednosti značajno bolje od prosjeka svih okolina.The economic value of a certain genotype (hybrid or variety) is not only his
productivity, resistance to diseases, drought, lodging, etc., but the ability to maintain
positive properties in different environmental conditions of production. In nature there
is a strong interaction between genotype and environment, which every breeder tries to evaluate after the creation of new genotypes. In 2008, in the field of Agricultural
Institute Osijek were made 24 new sunflower hybrid combinations by crossing three
cytoplasmic male sterile lines and eight restorer lines. During 2009 and 2010, field trials
were set up at locations: Beli Manastir (BM09 and BM10), Osijek (Os09 and Os10),
Nova Gradiška (NG09 and NG10), and in 2010 the field trial was set up in Vukovar
(Vu10). On the data of grain yield, oil content and oil yield, for both years and all
locations (7 environments), is performed analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Additive
Main effects and Multiplicative Interactions (AMMI) analysis by the statistical program
SAS for Windows 9.1. Also, for analyzed traits are made AMMI1 and AMMI2 biplots
by the program IRRISTAT for Windows 5.0. Grain yield, oil content and oil yield were
significantly different at the tested locations and years. On average, for all investigated
hybrids in seven environments, grain yield was 3.300 t/ha, oil content 47.48 % and oil
yield 1.423 t/ha. Significantly the highest grain and oil yield was achieved in an
environment Os09 (4.220 and 1.831 t/ha) and oil content in NG10 (50.59 %). The
highest grain yield, in seven environments, had a hybrid OS-H-4 (3.913 t/ha). This
hybrid had also the highest oil yield (1.721 t/ha). The highest oil content in sunflower
grain had a hybrid OS-H-1 (50.58 %). By AMMI analysis of grain yield, oil content and
oil yield, the first two IPCA components were significant at the 0.01 or 0.05, and
explained 58.5, 73.7 and 60.5% of the total genotype x environment interaction. AMMI1 and AMMI2 biplots showed that the hybrid with the largest grain and oil yield
(OS-H-4), showed small interaction with the environment, and had a great stability, and
hybrid that had the highest oil content (OS-H-1) had a great interaction with the
environment, and small stability. In addition, hybrid OS-H-12, 15 and OS-H 19 have
displayed a good stability for grain yield, OS-H-4, 7 and OS-H 18 for oil content, and
OS-H-1, OS-H 9 and O S-H 18 for oil yield. These hybrids had all three tested traits
significantly better than the average of 7 environments
