EFFECT OF HIGH TEMPERATURE ON THE METABOLISM AND REPRODUCTION OF DAIRY COW

Abstract

Visoka okolišna temperatura, vrlo često u kombinaciji s visokom relativnom vlagom u zraku rezultiraju toplinskim stresom, a organizam se u takvim uvjetima ne može ohladiti te potiče različite prilagodbene mehanizme. Kod mliječnih krava se u okviru odgovora na toplinski stres mijenja metabolizam koji postaje usporen. Smanjena je konzumacija hrane te proizvodnja mlijeka, izmijenjen je metabolizam minerala, povećan je unos vode te je smanjen njezin gubitak putem urina i fecesa, a povećani su i znojenje, slinjenje te rektalna temperatura. Toplinski stres kod mliječnih krava ima najznačajniji utjecaj na reproduktivni sustav. U radu je opisan utjecaj visokih temperatura, odnosno toplinskog stresa na organizam mliječnih krava, s naglaskom na reprodukciju i metabolizam. Prikazani su tipični simptomi koje krava pokazuje te koji se procesi u organizmu javljaju kao odgovor na visoke temperature, kako dolazi do toplinskog stresa, na koje načine se krava bori s nepovoljnim utjecajima okoliša te kako pokušava umanjiti štetne učinke stresa te im se prilagoditi. Nadalje, ukratko su navedene osnovne metode za ublažavanje učinaka visokih temperatura na organizam mliječnih krava te osnovni principi hranidbe u uvjetima visokih okolišnih temperatura. .High environmental temperatures, often in combination with high relative humidity resulting thermal stress, and the body in such conditions can not be cool and encourages different adaptive mechanisms. In dairy cows in the response to heat stress alters the metabolism to become sluggish. Decreased feed intake and milk production, altered metabolism of minerals, increased water intake and decreased its loss in the urine and feces, and increased sweating, salivation, and rectal temperature. Heat stress in dairy cows has the most significant effect on the reproductive system. This paper describes the effect of high temperature and thermal stress on the body of dairy cows, with an emphasis on reproduction and metabolism. Shown are typical symptoms that show cows and processes that occur in the body in response to high temperatures, as it comes to heat stress, the ways in which the cow is struggling with adverse impacts to the environment and trying to reduce the harmful effects of stress. Furthermore, brief basic methods to mitigate the effects of heat on the body of dairy cows, and the basic principles of nutrition in the conditions of high environmental temperature are shown

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