On-going fodder production on family farms

Abstract

U nizinskim područjima Hrvatske na obiteljskim gospodarstvima, intenzivnom proizvodnjom i iskorištavanjem krmnih kultura u slijedu, može se proizvesti potrebna zelena krma, sijeno, silaža i dio koncentrata kombinacijama krmnih kultura i djetelinsko travnih smjesa za 10 krava muzara s dnevnom proizvodnjom 15 I mlijeka s 4,0% mliječne masti. Na to upućuju rezultati postignuti u Zagrebu sjetvom najprikladnijih kombinacija kultivara krmnih kultura u slijedu, sijanih u ozimim, naknadnim i postrnim rokovima sjetve. Na taj se način bolje iskoristi tlo i energija sunca za stvaranje suhe tvari - obnovljivog izvora energije. Utvrđeni prinosi suhe tvari kombinacijom krmnih kultura iznosili su od 13,27do 25,11 t/ha. Prinosi probavljivih surovih bjelančevina iznosili su od 1.311 do 2.507 kg/ha, dostatnih za 1.030 pa do 1.928 obroka u produktivnoj krmi. Energije (SJ), proizvede se kombinacijama krmnih kultura od 10,59 do 12,56 t/ha, kojom se namire potrebe od 1.356 do 1.608 obroka. Potrebna površina pod ozimim, jarim i naknadnim kulturama za namirenje potreba na zelenoj krmi, silaži i dijelu koncentrata je 2,15 ha, a pod djetelinsko travnom smjesom za namirenje potreba na sijenu i dijelu zelene krme je 1,18 ha. Ukupna potrebna površina pod kombinacijama krmnih kultura i DTS za osiguranje zelene krme, sijena, silaže i 40% potreba na zrnu kukuruza za 10 krava muzara s dnevnom proizvodnjom od 151 mlijeka s 4,0% mliječne masti je 3,33 ha.An intensive production and on-going fodder plants yield, on family farms in lowland of Croatia, enable green fodder, hay, haylage as well as part of the fodder plant concentrates and hay-grass mixture production. This will ensure daily milk production of 15 L (4 % milk fat) from 10 cows. These results are obtained with on-going fodder plant blends, from winter as well as from additional and stubble field sowing. In this way better soil and sun energy, required for dry matter formation - recoverable energy source yields are obtained. The obtained dry matter yield, from the fodder plant blends, is in a range from 13.27 to 25.11 t/ha. Digestible row proteins yield is from 1.311 to 2.507 kg/ha, which is sufficient for 1.030-1.928 meals preparation. The energy (SJ) obtained from fodder plant blends, is in the range from 10.59 to 12.56 t/ha sufficient for 1.356-1.608 meals preparation. The required acreage under winter, spring and additional crops, needed for green fodder, haylage and part of the concentrates, is 2.15 ha. In order to ensure hay and part of green fodder needs, hay-grass acreage of 1.18 ha is required. Total acreage, under fodder plant blends and DTS, required for green fodder, hay, and haylage is 40 %. Daily milk production of 15 L (4 % milk fat), from 10 cows, requires com grain acreage of 3.33 ha

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