Robert D. Hall and Flernoy G. Jones (Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture)Revised 5/81/5

Hall, Robert D.

Jones, Flernoy G.

English

University of Missouri: MOspace

u M C Seit11ee 1111d 'reelt110/0111 GUIDE -· ......... P116/islted 611 tlte U11iversit11 of )lisso11ri - eol111116i11 tKte11sio11 Divisio11 1981 Recommendations for Fly Control in Caged Layer Buildings Robert D. Hall and Flernoy G. Jones Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture House flies, blow flies, soldier flies and other non-biting flies can and often do become a problem in poultry buildings. They do not bite or feed on the birds but may carry diseases because of their habit of feeding on manure , dead birds and other waste materials. Poultry manure is an excellent developmental material for fly larvae. Caged layer operations concentrate a large amount of manure in a relatively small area and therefore create an ideal situation for producing many flies. Flies and odor com-ing from poorly managed buildings may result in legal action against the producer. This guide gives recommendations for controlling flies only in caged layer operations where the birds are not in contact with the floor or litter. Properly managed floor operations seldom have a fly problem. Contact the Depart-ment of Entomology, University of Missouri-Columbia, for recommendations on controlling flies in a floor operation. Control Effective and economical fly control depends on: ( I) good sanitation practices to remove fly breeding areas, (2) proper use of insecticides to kill adult flies, (3) treatment of manure with an insecticide to control maggots if needed, and (4) good management practices throughout the year, especially in controlled environment buildings. Sanitation The first and most important step in fly control is prompt and regular removal of waste material where flies breed. This includes waste feed , broken eggs and dead birds. Fly eggs are laid on wet, decaying material. The maggots that hatch from these eggs cannot develop in manure or other material that is dry. Keep droppings dry. Repair water leaks, both in water supply lines and building roofs. Soldier fly infestations usually start around the outside of open buildings where rain and snow have blown onto the manure and made it wet. The caged layer operator has two options available when considering the frequency of manure removal. Weekly Removal. Removing manure once each week during the active fly season (May through October) and throughout the year in controlled environment buildings doesn't allow sufficient time for the maggots to develop into 7030 adult flies. Predators and parasites that feed on the eggs and maggots also are removed. Occasional insecticide treatment to control adult flies may be needed. Occasional Remova l. The manure is allowed to cone up under the cages and dry and is removed once or twice a year. The predators and parasites develop to their maximum. If manure becomes wet , flies will become a problem. Occa-sional insecticide treatment to control adult flies may be needed , as well as occasional spot treatment of manure to control maggots . Removing the manure from under one row of cages at a time instead of cleaning an entire building will leave a stock of insects and mites to move into the new manure. The manure that is removed should be thinly spread in fields and not piled outside the buildings. If good sanitation practices are followed, less insecticide will be needed and that used will be more effective. Fly Control in Open Houses Acceptable fly control in open houses requires strict attention to sanitation and manure management , supplemented with the use of insecticides as baits, residual sprays and spot treatment of manure for maggot control. Baits consist of an insecticide and an attractant which serves to draw flies to the insecticide. Start spreading the bait as soon as fli_es begin to be numerous . Place bait where flies congregate during the day: window ledges , doorways , on the floor between cages etc. During the first four or five days, scatter dry bait heavily enough that it can be seen. Continue to put out bait each day for the next week , but lesser amounts can be used. After the first IO days , apply bait every two to four days to those places where the most flies were killed during the initial baiting. To make a liquid bait , mix the proper amount of insec-ticide with water and add sugar, com syrup or molasses . Follow the directions on the container label. Use a sprinkling can to spread the bait on the floor . Where ad irt floor is present or the floor is dirty, apply the bait on pieces of burlap , cardboard etc. Apply new, fresh bait every two to four days. Continue to use bait regularly during the summer. DON ' T stop as soon as fly numbers are knocked down . If you do and the numbers build up, you will have to start all over again with the heavy initial baiting. Recommended ready-to-use dry baits: I. Dichlorvos-use 0.5% bait 2. Ronnel (Korlan)-use 1% ronnel bait. 3. Trichlofon (Dipterex)-use 1% bait. Recommended liquid baits-must be prepared by user: I . Dichlorvos-use 0.5% bait solution . 2. Ronnel (Korlan)-use 2% ronnel solution. Restrictions: DON'T place baits where birds may come in direct contact with the material. DON 'T contaminate feed, water, utensils or eggs . Residual Sprays leave a deposit of insecticide which the fly contacts when it lands on the treated surface. Residual sprays will remain effective for a few days up to several weeks . Apply the first spray around doors and windows, walls , ceilings and rafters in late spring or early summer as soon as flies begin to be a problem. Repeat applications as needed . Apply one gallon of spray per 500 to 1,000 square feet of surface. On unfini shed wood , brick or concrete surfaces, wettable powder formulations will give longer lasting control than will emulsifiable concentrates. Recommended residual sprays : I. Dimethoate-Use 1% dimethoate made by mixing I pint 23 .4% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate in 3 gallons of water . 2. Fenthion ( Baytex)-Use 1% fenthion made by mixing 15 tablespoons 46% Baytex emulsifiable concentrate in 3 gallons of water. 3. Permethrin (Ectiban, Atroban or Permectrin)-Use 0.1 % permethrin made by mixing I cup 5.7% emulsifi-able concentrate or 8 level tablespoons 25% wettable powder in 3 gallons of water. 4. Rabon-Use 1% Rabon made by mixing 1/2 pound 50% Rabon wettable powder in 3 gallons of water. 5. Ronne) (Korlan)-Use 1% ronnel made by mixing I pound 25% Korlan wettable powder or I pint 24% Korl an emulsifiable concentrate in 3 gallons of water. Restrictions: Remove birds and eggs before applying dime-thoate. DON'T apply fenthion, permethrin, Rabon or ronnel directly onto birds. Avoid application where drift or droplets contact birds : this may necessitate covering the cages during the application of fenthion, permethrin, Rabon or ronnel. Cover feed and water troughs before spraying with any of these insecticides. Maggot Control. Maggots should not develop in manure that is kept dry. If the manure becomes wet , correct the cause of the moisture . If maggots develop in the wet manure , make spot applications of one of the recommended maggot sprays to the infested manure. Apply as a coarse spray or with a sprinkling can. Apply approximately one gallon per 100 square feet of surface area. Recommended maggot sprays: I. Dimethoate-use I pint 23.4% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate in 2½ gallons of water. 2. Rabon-use 5 tablespoons 50% Rabon wettable powder in I gallon of water. Restriction: DON 'T apply where birds may come in contact with the treated manure. Fly Control in Closed Houses Flies should not become a problem in closed houses providing good sanitation practices are followed and all openings are kept screened . Screen air inlets with fly screen-ing and keep good springs on screen doors. Fog. If a fly problem does develop in a closed house , apply a fog of insecticide to knock down the adult population. Recommended fog insecticides: I . Dichlorvos-use 0.5% solution. 2. Pyrethrin plus piperonyl butoxide-use a 0. 1% solution . Make the application in early morning before flies become active or late afternoon after flies go to roost. Turn off fans ; make fog application; then turn fans on . Direct fog toward ceiling for best results. Baits. As a supplemental treatment , use ba its as described under FLY CONTROL IN OPEN HOUSES . Apply around doorways and on the walkway floor between cages. Restrictions: DON'T place baits where birds may come in direct contact with the material. DON'T contaminate feed, water , utensils or eggs. Maggot Control. If maggots develop in the manure under the cages , follow the directions as given under FLY CON-TROL IN OPEN HOUSES. Residual Sprays. Applications of a residual spray on outside surfaces near doors and other openings will aid in reducing the number of flies that enter the building. Follow the directions and restrictions as given under FLY CON-TROL IN OPEN HOUSES. General Precautions: DON ' T apply non-registered materials directly to poultry or within poultry houses . To do so may cause the meat or eggs to become contaminated and unsala-ble . Be sure to read and follow the safety precautions given on the label of the container. Missouri insect control recommendations are revised annually and are subject to possible change during the season. This guide is intended for use during the 1981 season only. No discrimination is intended, and no endorsement is implied. * An asterisk (*) preceding any insecticide means that aJI or some uses of the product have been restricted by the Environmental Protection Agency. Applicators must be certified before they may purchase restricted products . ■ Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914 in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture. Leonard C. Douglas , Director, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Missouri and Lincoln University, Columbia, Missouri 65211. ■ An equal opportunity institution . 7030 Revised 5/81/SM 

1981 recommendations for fly control in caged layer buildings

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1981 recommendations for fly control in caged layer buildings

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