The subject of the paper is the determination of the infl uence of the colloidal nanoparticles of zinc oxide on the structure of sodium water glass. Nanoparticles of zinc oxide in ethanol solvent were introduced into the water glass. The modification and structural changes were determined by means of the FT-IR absorption spectra. In order to determine the kind of infl uence: binder-modifier the spectroscopic FTIR analysis of samples of a fresh binder and of a binder hardened for 24 h in the air was performed by means of the spectrometer Digilab Excalibur with a standard DTGS detector

A. Bobrowski

A. Kmita

B. Hutera

B. Stypuła

D. Drożyński

M. Starowicz

English

Directory of Open Access Journals

477 METALURGIJA 51 (2012) 4, 477-480A. BOBROWSKI, B. STYPUŁA, B. HUTERA, A. KMITA, D. DROŻYŃSKI, M. STAROWICZ.FTIR SPECTROSCOPY OF WATER GLASS - THE BINDER MOULDING MODIFIED BY ZnO NANOPARTICLESReceived – Prispjelo: 2012-02-07Accepted – Prihvaćeno: 2012-04-30Preliminary Note – Prethodno priopćenjeISSN 0543-5846METABK 51(4) 477-480 (2012)UDC – UDK 535.33:666.1/2.:669.5=111All authors from AGH - University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, Krakow, PolandThe subject of the paper is the determination of the infl  uence of the colloidal nanoparticles of zinc oxide on the structure of sodium water glass. Nanoparticles of zinc oxide in ethanol solvent were introduced into the water glass. The modifi  cation and structural changes were determined by means of the FT-IR absorption spectra.In order to determine the kind of infl  uence: binder-modifi  er the spectroscopic FTIR analysis of samples of a fresh binder and of a binder hardened for 24 h in the air was performed by means of the spectrometer Digilab Excalibur with a standard DTGS detector.Key words: spectroscopy, sodium water glass, zinc oxide, colloidal nanoparticles, modifi  cation. INTRODUCTIONOne of the binders used in the molding and core sands is water glass. It is cheap, easily available and not toxic. However, unfavourable properties of sands with water glass are: brittleness, worse shakeout of moulds and reclamability.The last decades has witnessed the development of nanoparticles of ceramic materials: SiO2, Al2O3, Ca-SiO3, ZnO etc.Nanoparticles can be changing initial binder proper-ties by physical or chemical inﬂ  uences. Not numerous results, presented in references, indicate the favourable inﬂ  uence of micro- and nanoparticles of MgO and Cr2O3 on the retained strength, which is related to the improve-ment of the knocking out property [1, 2].The literature data concerning the water glass modi-ﬁ  cation by nanoparticles of inorganic compounds are fragmentary and rather of a qualitative character. An attempt to modify water glass with the zinc ox-ide nanoparticles was undertaken in the study.METERIALS AND TESTING METHODOLOGYA binder modiﬁ  cation was performed always with water glass:•   „R 145” of a module M = 2,5 and density d 20=1 470 kg/m3, pH = 11,2As a modiﬁ  er was applied:•   colloidal suspension of ZnO nanoparticles of di-mensions < 10-100 nm > in ethanol: concentration of suspension: 0,3 M.The water glass modiﬁ  cation was performed by in-troducing of 3 and 5 mass % of the ethanol suspension of ZnO nanoparticles and homogenising the mixture.In order to determine the kind of inﬂ  uence: binder-modiﬁ  er the spectroscopic FTIR analysis of samples of a fresh binder and of a binder hardened for 24 h in the air was performed by means of the spectrometer Digilab Excalibur with a standard DTGS detector.RESULTS AND THEIR DISCUSSIONFigure 1 illustrate the FTIR absorption spectra of samples of the fresh water glass (a) and after 24 h of hardening (b).It is observed that whole spectrum (of the fresh and hardening water glass) can be divided into two sections: the ﬁ  rst one comprises of the main sharp distinctive and characteristic absorption bands ranging from 400 – 1 400 cm-1, which are due to main silicate network group Figure 1   Absorption FTIR spectra of the fresh water glass (a) and the water glass after 24 h of hardening (b)478   METALURGIJA 51 (2012) 4, 477-480A. BOBROWSKI et al.: FTIR SPECTROSCOPY OF WATER GLASS - THE BINDER MOULDING MODIFIED BY ZnO...vibrations with different bonding arrangement and the second part, from 1 400 to 4 000 cm-1 obviously consists of vibrations due to water, hydroxyl, SiOH or similar groups. Table 1 summarize the band frequencies and corresponding vibration modes of silicate glass based on other research .It can by observed, that the absorption spectra of the fresh water glass, in the 400-1 400 cm-1 region, have the most pronounced band located at 1 010 cm-1 with two shoulders at ca. 1 120 and 890 cm-1and less intense band at 615 and 455 cm-1. The most intense component at 1 010 cm-1 lies in the middle bands (1 020 and 1 000 cm-1), respectively attributed to Si-O stretching vibration of [SiO(OH)3]- and partly undissociated [SiO2(OH )2 ]2-, (this is Q1and Q2) species [3]. The shift main band to-wards higher wavenumbers ca. 1 100 cm-1 corresponds to increase the activity Q3 species. While, the lower wavenumbers ca. 900 cm-1 is attributed to Q1 species. The shoulder at ca. 850 cm-1is associated with the asym-metric vibration of isolated Q0 species. The lower fre-quency envelope between 600-400 cm-1 are attributed to the rocking motion of Si-O-Si bridges connecting vari-ous Qn species [3], (Table 1). According to above, the main bands observed at 1 010cm-1 and 890 cm-1 indi-cate, the presence of [SiO(OH)3] and [SiO2(OH)2]- (Q1and Q2) species as main silicate network group, in fresh water glass of a module 2,5.In the second frequency range (1 400 – 4 000 cm-1), the characteristic strong adsorption band with maxi-mum at 3 440 cm-1, and narrow at 1 647 cm-1 are ob-served. In addition, there is a small shoulder at 2 280 cm-1. The bands ca. 3 440 cm-1 and 1 640 cm-1are attrib-uted to constitutional water molecules and OH – bend-ing and stretching modes. The band within the range 2 400 – 2 100 cm-1 corresponds to vibrations of hydrogen bridges between Si(OH)4 and the silicate lattice. After 24 h of hardening, the small changes and shift of several bands in the absorption spectrum of water glass are observed. In wave number correspond to sili-cate network group vibration, the main band at 1 010 cm-1 is shifted to 1 004 cm -1. The bands related to vibration molecules of water and OH group at 3 440 cm-1 and 1 640 cm -1 are shift to 3 352 cm -1 and 1 658 cm-1 (not bonded water). In addi-tion, there is the band (1 435 cm-1), corresponding to asymmetric stretching vibration of O-C-O bonds [8].These changes indicate the binding of carbon diox-ide (from air) in accordance with in the classical, total reaction:xNa2O · ySiO2 · zH2O + CO2 → Na2CO3 +  + (x-1)Na2O · ySiO2 · ( z-1)H2O + H2OThis reaction is generally accepted as reaction in water glass hardening process with CO2.Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the inﬂ  uence of ZnO addi-tions (3 mass. % suspension of ZnO nanoparticles) on the FTIR spectrum of fresh and hardened water glass. It can be seen a small shift of some bands in the spectra of both samples, fresh and hardened. The change reveals itself in the wave number range related to OH groups, it means: 3 600 – 3 400 cm-1, where the band is shifted from 3 440 cm-1 to 3 520 cm-1, in the direction corre-sponding to stretching vibrations of OH groups. The main band Si-O-Si originated from asymmetric stretch-ing vibrations of Si-O at the wave number 1 010 cm-1 is not shifted, but its intensity decreases in relation to the OH band. Small shifting in the lower wave numbers di-rection is seen in the band of 891 cm-1 (885 cm-1), which can be connected with the increase asymmetric vibra-tion isolated Q0 species [3]. Similarly, the band at 615 cm-1 is shifted to 600 cm-1 , which can indicate the ten-dency of ions reduction in the system too [4]. After 24 h of hardening (Figure 3), the additions band at 1 813 cm-1 emphasize in the spectrum. This band is in the vicinity of the band related to stretching vibrations in carbonates coordinated by metal cations in Figure 2   Absorption FTIR spectra of the fresh water glass (a) and the modifi  ed by suspension ZnO nanoparticles (3 mass %) (b)Figure 3 Absorption FTIR spectra of the hardened water glass (a) and the modifi  ed by suspension ZnO nanoparticles (3 mass %) (b), after 24 h.479 METALURGIJA 51 (2012) 4, 477-480A. BOBROWSKI et al.: FTIR SPECTROSCOPY OF WATER GLASS - THE BINDER MOULDING MODIFIED BY ZnO...bridging bidentate complexes [5]. The location and in-tensity of the band (1 435 cm-1), corresponding to asym-metric stretching vibration of O-C-O bonds in carbon-ate complexes monodentate [8], do not change.Due to the very strong Si-O-Si band in the obtained spectra, it is not possible to indicate the band character-istic for the Si-O-Zn band, which usually occurs in the range 1 161 – 1 153 cm-1 [3].Larger differences in the spectra of the water glass modiﬁ  ed by additions of 5 % ZnO in ethanol (Figures 4, 5) are seen after 24 hours of hardening (in the same di-rection) in all characteristic ranges.The most visible effect of the ZnO addition, apart from bands shifting is signiﬁ  cant decrease in intensity in OH and water stretching region between 3 600-2 700 cm-1 and bands originated from Si-O-Si bonds (1 200 - 400 cm-1). This indicate the participation of ZnO nanoparti-cles in the hardening by dehydration of water glass. The dehydration may be proceeds according to gen-eral reactions: ZnO + H2O → Zn(OH)2Na2O · 2 SiO2 + H2O + Zn(OH)2 →ZnO · SiO2 · H2O + Na2O · SiO2 · H2Oand / orNa2O · 3 SiO2 + H2O + Zn(OH)2 →ZnO · SiO2 · H2O + Na2O · 2 SiO2 · H2OSUMMARY•   The introduction of ZnO nanoparticles to the water glass in the form of colloidal suspension of alcohol changes the shape of FTIR absorption spectra (at spectral features in the whole wave number re-gion). The most marked differences in the spectra (especially after 24 h ) are observed with addition of 5 mass. % ZnO nanoparticles in ethanol;•   Signiﬁ  cant differences are visible in the intensity of each of the main bands (water, silicate);•   The nanoparticles accelerates the hardening proc-ess, probably by participation in dehydration reac-tions.The research was done within the framework of the Project No. N N508 47 5538REFERENCES[1]  Wang Ji-na, Fan Zi-tian, Wang Hua-feng, Dong Xuan-pu, Huang Nai-yu, China Foundry 4 (2007) 1, 26-30, [2]  Zhu Chun-xi, China Foundry 4 (2007) 1, 13-17Figure 4   Absorption FTIR spectra of the fresh  water glass (a) and the modifi  ed by suspension ZnO nanoparticles (5 mass %) (b)Table 1   Results of the FTIR analysis of water glass not modifi  ed and modifi  ed by the suspension of ZnO nanoparticles (like in literature data)Wave num-ber/cm-1Binding800-400 Bending vibrations of [O-Si-O] bands, pseudo-crystal lattice vibrations [3]950 Monomers, oligometries originated from O-Si-O bands [6], [7]1 010-1 000 Asymmetric stretching vibrations of Si-O-Si [3]1 120 Asymmetric vibrations of three-dimensional bands originated from Si-O-Si [3]1 161-1 153 Vibrations originated from Si-O-Zn bands [3]1 028-1 003 Stretching vibrations originated from Si-O bands [3]1 443-1 440 Vibrations originated from carbonate bands O-C-O [8]1 640 Constitutional water [8]1 535 Vibrations originated from asymmetric, carboxylic bands [6]1 663 Not bonded water H-HO [8]1 711 Vibrations originated from vibratory carboxylic groups in oleic acid [6]2 400-2 000 Water vibrations and vibrations of hydrogen bonds between Si(OH)4 and silicon lattice, and vibrations originated from asymmetric CO2 bands [9-11]3 100-2 700 Overlapping stretching vibrations of the Cx type [9-11]3 600-2 700 Stretching vibrations of –OH group and molecular water [12]Figure 5   Absorption FTIR spectra of the hardened water glass (a) and the modifi  ed by suspension ZnO nanoparticles (5 mass %) (b), after 24 h480   METALURGIJA 51 (2012) 4, 477-480A. BOBROWSKI et al.: FTIR SPECTROSCOPY OF WATER GLASS - THE BINDER MOULDING MODIFIED BY ZnO...[3]  M. Yuan, J. Lu, G. Kong, Ch. Che, Surface & Coatings Technology 205 (2011) 4466-4470,[4]  H. S. Liu, Materials Chemistry and Physics 50 (1997), 1-10,[5]  H. Wijnja, C.P. Schulthess, Spectrochemica Acta Part A 55 (1999), 861-872,[6]  P. Roonasi, X. Yang, A. Holmgren, Journal of Colloidal and Interface Science 343 (2010), 546-552,[7]  E. Popatowa, M. Grahn, A. Holmgren, J. Hedlund, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 354 (2010), 96-102,[8]  S. A. Bernal, J. L. Provis, V. Rose, Ruby Mejia de Gutier-rez, Cement&Concrete Composites 33, (2011), 46-54,[9]  H. Roggendorf, W. Grond, M. Hurbanic, Glass Sci. Tech-nol. 69 (1996) 7, 216 – 230,[10]  A. Argawal, M. Tomozawa, Journal of Non Crystalline So-lids 209 (1997), 166-174,[11]  M. Handke, W. Mozgawa, M. Nocuń, Journal of Molecu-lar Structure 325 (1994), 129-136,[12]  Y. Liu, J. Shen, Z. Chen, L. Yang, Y. Liu, Y.Ha, Applied Catalyssis A: General 403 (2011), 112-118,Note:   The responsible translator for English language: „ANGOS” Translation Ofﬁ  ce, Kraków, Poland 

FTIR spectroscopy of water glass - the binder moulding modified by ZnO nanoparticles

Hrčak - Portal of scientific journals of Croatia

477METALURGIJA 51 (2012) 4, 477-480A. BOBROWSKI, B. STYPUŁA, B. HUTERA, A. KMITA, D. DROŻYŃSKI, M. STAROWICZ.FTIR SPECTROSCOPY OF WATER GLASS - THE BINDER MOULDING MODIFIED BY ZnO NANOPARTICLESReceived – Prispjelo: 2012-02-07Accepted – Prihvaćeno: 2012-04-30Preliminary Note – Prethodno priopćenjeISSN 0543-5846METABK 51(4) 477-480 (2012)UDC – UDK 535.33:666.1/2.:669.5=111All authors from AGH - University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, Krakow, PolandThe subject of the paper is the determination of the infl uence of the colloidal nanoparticles of zinc oxide on the structure of sodium water glass. Nanoparticles of zinc oxide in ethanol solvent were introduced into the water glass. The modifi cation and structural changes were determined by means of the FT-IR absorption spectra.In order to determine the kind of infl uence: binder-modifi er the spectroscopic FTIR analysis of samples of a fresh binder and of a binder hardened for 24 h in the air was performed by means of the spectrometer Digilab Excalibur with a standard DTGS detector.Key words: spectroscopy, sodium water glass, zinc oxide, colloidal nanoparticles, modifi cation. INTRODUCTIONOne of the binders used in the molding and core sands is water glass. It is cheap, easily available and not toxic. However, unfavourable properties of sands with water glass are: brittleness, worse shakeout of moulds and reclamability.The last decades has witnessed the development of nanoparticles of ceramic materials: SiO2, Al2O3, Ca-SiO3, ZnO etc.Nanoparticles can be changing initial binder proper-ties by physical or chemical infl uences. Not numerous results, presented in references, indicate the favourable infl uence of micro- and nanoparticles of MgO and Cr2O3 on the retained strength, which is related to the improve-ment of the knocking out property [1, 2].The literature data concerning the water glass modi-fi cation by nanoparticles of inorganic compounds are fragmentary and rather of a qualitative character. An attempt to modify water glass with the zinc ox-ide nanoparticles was undertaken in the study.METERIALS AND TESTING METHODOLOGYA binder modifi cation was performed always with water glass:•  „R 145” of a module M = 2,5 and density d 20=1 470 kg/m3, pH = 11,2As a modifi er was applied:•  colloidal suspension of ZnO nanoparticles of di-mensions < 10-100 nm > in ethanol: concentration of suspension: 0,3 M.The water glass modifi cation was performed by in-troducing of 3 and 5 mass % of the ethanol suspension of ZnO nanoparticles and homogenising the mixture.In order to determine the kind of infl uence: binder-modifi er the spectroscopic FTIR analysis of samples of a fresh binder and of a binder hardened for 24 h in the air was performed by means of the spectrometer Digilab Excalibur with a standard DTGS detector.RESULTS AND THEIR DISCUSSIONFigure 1 illustrate the FTIR absorption spectra of samples of the fresh water glass (a) and after 24 h of hardening (b).It is observed that whole spectrum (of the fresh and hardening water glass) can be divided into two sections: the fi rst one comprises of the main sharp distinctive and characteristic absorption bands ranging from 400 – 1 400 cm-1, which are due to main silicate network group Figure 1  Absorption FTIR spectra of the fresh water glass (a) and the water glass after 24 h of hardening (b)478  METALURGIJA 51 (2012) 4, 477-480A. BOBROWSKI et al.: FTIR SPECTROSCOPY OF WATER GLASS - THE BINDER MOULDING MODIFIED BY ZnO...vibrations with different bonding arrangement and the second part, from 1 400 to 4 000 cm-1 obviously consists of vibrations due to water, hydroxyl, SiOH or similar groups. Table 1 summarize the band frequencies and corresponding vibration modes of silicate glass based on other research .It can by observed, that the absorption spectra of the fresh water glass, in the 400-1 400 cm-1 region, have the most pronounced band located at 1 010 cm-1 with two shoulders at ca. 1 120 and 890 cm-1and less intense band at 615 and 455 cm-1. The most intense component at 1 010 cm-1 lies in the middle bands (1 020 and 1 000 cm-1), respectively attributed to Si-O stretching vibration of [SiO(OH)3]- and partly undissociated [SiO2(OH )2 ]2-, (this is Q1and Q2) species [3]. The shift main band to-wards higher wavenumbers ca. 1 100 cm-1 corresponds to increase the activity Q3 species. While, the lower wavenumbers ca. 900 cm-1 is attributed to Q1 species. The shoulder at ca. 850 cm-1is associated with the asym-metric vibration of isolated Q0 species. The lower fre-quency envelope between 600-400 cm-1 are attributed to the rocking motion of Si-O-Si bridges connecting vari-ous Qn species [3], (Table 1). According to above, the main bands observed at 1 010cm-1 and 890 cm-1 indi-cate, the presence of [SiO(OH)3] and [SiO2(OH)2]- (Q1and Q2) species as main silicate network group, in fresh water glass of a module 2,5.In the second frequency range (1 400 – 4 000 cm-1), the characteristic strong adsorption band with maxi-mum at 3 440 cm-1, and narrow at 1 647 cm-1 are ob-served. In addition, there is a small shoulder at 2 280 cm-1. The bands ca. 3 440 cm-1 and 1 640 cm-1are attrib-uted to constitutional water molecules and OH – bend-ing and stretching modes. The band within the range 2 400 – 2 100 cm-1 corresponds to vibrations of hydrogen bridges between Si(OH)4 and the silicate lattice. After 24 h of hardening, the small changes and shift of several bands in the absorption spectrum of water glass are observed. In wave number correspond to sili-cate network group vibration, the main band at 1 010 cm-1 is shifted to 1 004 cm -1. The bands related to vibration molecules of water and OH group at 3 440 cm-1 and 1 640 cm -1 are shift to 3 352 cm -1 and 1 658 cm-1 (not bonded water). In addi-tion, there is the band (1 435 cm-1), corresponding to asymmetric stretching vibration of O-C-O bonds [8].These changes indicate the binding of carbon diox-ide (from air) in accordance with in the classical, total reaction:xNa2O · ySiO2 · zH2O + CO2 → Na2CO3 +  + (x-1)Na2O · ySiO2 · ( z-1)H2O + H2OThis reaction is generally accepted as reaction in water glass hardening process with CO2.Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the infl uence of ZnO addi-tions (3 mass. % suspension of ZnO nanoparticles) on the FTIR spectrum of fresh and hardened water glass. It can be seen a small shift of some bands in the spectra of both samples, fresh and hardened. The change reveals itself in the wave number range related to OH groups, it means: 3 600 – 3 400 cm-1, where the band is shifted from 3 440 cm-1 to 3 520 cm-1, in the direction corre-sponding to stretching vibrations of OH groups. The main band Si-O-Si originated from asymmetric stretch-ing vibrations of Si-O at the wave number 1 010 cm-1 is not shifted, but its intensity decreases in relation to the OH band. Small shifting in the lower wave numbers di-rection is seen in the band of 891 cm-1 (885 cm-1), which can be connected with the increase asymmetric vibra-tion isolated Q0 species [3]. Similarly, the band at 615 cm-1 is shifted to 600 cm-1 , which can indicate the ten-dency of ions reduction in the system too [4]. After 24 h of hardening (Figure 3), the additions band at 1 813 cm-1 emphasize in the spectrum. This band is in the vicinity of the band related to stretching vibrations in carbonates coordinated by metal cations in Figure 2  Absorption FTIR spectra of the fresh water glass (a) and the modifi ed by suspension ZnO nanoparticles (3 mass %) (b)Figure 3 Absorption FTIR spectra of the hardened water glass (a) and the modifi ed by suspension ZnO nanoparticles (3 mass %) (b), after 24 h.479METALURGIJA 51 (2012) 4, 477-480A. BOBROWSKI et al.: FTIR SPECTROSCOPY OF WATER GLASS - THE BINDER MOULDING MODIFIED BY ZnO...bridging bidentate complexes [5]. The location and in-tensity of the band (1 435 cm-1), corresponding to asym-metric stretching vibration of O-C-O bonds in carbon-ate complexes monodentate [8], do not change.Due to the very strong Si-O-Si band in the obtained spectra, it is not possible to indicate the band character-istic for the Si-O-Zn band, which usually occurs in the range 1 161 – 1 153 cm-1 [3].Larger differences in the spectra of the water glass modifi ed by additions of 5 % ZnO in ethanol (Figures 4, 5) are seen after 24 hours of hardening (in the same di-rection) in all characteristic ranges.The most visible effect of the ZnO addition, apart from bands shifting is signifi cant decrease in intensity in OH and water stretching region between 3 600-2 700 cm-1 and bands originated from Si-O-Si bonds (1 200 - 400 cm-1). This indicate the participation of ZnO nanoparti-cles in the hardening by dehydration of water glass. The dehydration may be proceeds according to gen-eral reactions: ZnO + H2O → Zn(OH)2Na2O · 2 SiO2 + H2O + Zn(OH)2 →ZnO · SiO2 · H2O + Na2O · SiO2 · H2Oand / orNa2O · 3 SiO2 + H2O + Zn(OH)2 →ZnO · SiO2 · H2O + Na2O · 2 SiO2 · H2OSUMMARY•  The introduction of ZnO nanoparticles to the water glass in the form of colloidal suspension of alcohol changes the shape of FTIR absorption spectra (at spectral features in the whole wave number re-gion). The most marked differences in the spectra (especially after 24 h ) are observed with addition of 5 mass. % ZnO nanoparticles in ethanol;•  Signifi cant differences are visible in the intensity of each of the main bands (water, silicate);•  The nanoparticles accelerates the hardening proc-ess, probably by participation in dehydration reac-tions.The research was done within the framework of the Project No. N N508 47 5538REFERENCES[1] Wang Ji-na, Fan Zi-tian, Wang Hua-feng, Dong Xuan-pu, Huang Nai-yu, China Foundry 4 (2007) 1, 26-30, [2] Zhu Chun-xi, China Foundry 4 (2007) 1, 13-17Figure 4  Absorption FTIR spectra of the fresh  water glass (a) and the modifi ed by suspension ZnO nanoparticles (5 mass %) (b)Table 1  Results of the FTIR analysis of water glass not modifi ed and modifi ed by the suspension of ZnO nanoparticles (like in literature data)Wave num-ber/cm-1Binding800-400 Bending vibrations of [O-Si-O] bands, pseudo-crystal lattice vibrations [3]950 Monomers, oligometries originated from O-Si-O bands [6], [7]1 010-1 000 Asymmetric stretching vibrations of Si-O-Si [3]1 120 Asymmetric vibrations of three-dimensional bands originated from Si-O-Si [3]1 161-1 153 Vibrations originated from Si-O-Zn bands [3]1 028-1 003 Stretching vibrations originated from Si-O bands [3]1 443-1 440 Vibrations originated from carbonate bands O-C-O [8]1 640 Constitutional water [8]1 535 Vibrations originated from asymmetric, carboxylic bands [6]1 663 Not bonded water H-HO [8]1 711 Vibrations originated from vibratory carboxylic groups in oleic acid [6]2 400-2 000 Water vibrations and vibrations of hydrogen bonds between Si(OH)4 and silicon lattice, and vibrations originated from asymmetric CO2 bands [9-11]3 100-2 700 Overlapping stretching vibrations of the Cx type [9-11]3 600-2 700 Stretching vibrations of –OH group and molecular water [12]Figure 5  Absorption FTIR spectra of the hardened water glass (a) and the modifi ed by suspension ZnO nanoparticles (5 mass %) (b), after 24 h480  METALURGIJA 51 (2012) 4, 477-480A. BOBROWSKI et al.: FTIR SPECTROSCOPY OF WATER GLASS - THE BINDER MOULDING MODIFIED BY ZnO...[3] M. Yuan, J. Lu, G. Kong, Ch. Che, Surface & Coatings Technology 205 (2011) 4466-4470,[4] H. S. Liu, Materials Chemistry and Physics 50 (1997), 1-10,[5] H. Wijnja, C.P. Schulthess, Spectrochemica Acta Part A 55 (1999), 861-872,[6] P. Roonasi, X. Yang, A. Holmgren, Journal of Colloidal and Interface Science 343 (2010), 546-552,[7] E. Popatowa, M. Grahn, A. Holmgren, J. Hedlund, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 354 (2010), 96-102,[8] S. A. Bernal, J. L. Provis, V. Rose, Ruby Mejia de Gutier-rez, Cement&Concrete Composites 33, (2011), 46-54,[9] H. Roggendorf, W. Grond, M. Hurbanic, Glass Sci. Tech-nol. 69 (1996) 7, 216 – 230,[10] A. Argawal, M. Tomozawa, Journal of Non Crystalline So-lids 209 (1997), 166-174,[11] M. Handke, W. Mozgawa, M. Nocuń, Journal of Molecu-lar Structure 325 (1994), 129-136,[12] Y. Liu, J. Shen, Z. Chen, L. Yang, Y. Liu, Y.Ha, Applied Catalyssis A: General 403 (2011), 112-118,Note:  The responsible translator for English language: „ANGOS” Translation Offi ce, Kraków, Poland 

FTIR spectroscopy of water glass - the binder moulding modified by ZnO nanoparticles

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Directory of Open Access Journals

Hrčak - Portal of scientific journals of Croatia