The Reign and Royal Policy of Bela IV, King of Hungary and Croatia (in the Period 1235 - 1270) and Its Impact on Church Land Properties, on the Territory of Komarnica Archdeaconry

Abstract

Politika Bele IV. (1235.-1270.) usmjerena k jačanju kraljevske vlasti odrazila se na promjene unutar društvene strukture i na posjedovne odnose na području cijelog Ugarsko-hrvatskog kraljevstva što se posebno primjećuje na primjeru svjetovnog posjeda vladaru odanih velikaša. Te se promjene očituju već na samom početku kraljeve vladavine, dok su nakon provale Tatara još izraženije. Pritom primjeri zemljišnih posjeda Zagrebačke crkve također upućuju na određene promjene vezane uz njihovo širenje i (pre)raspodjelu. Stoga je cilj ovoga rada da se na temelju objavljene građe utvrdi da li je i na koji način vladavina Bele IV. ostavila traga na razvoju crkvenog zemljišnog posjeda na primjeru Komarničkog arhiđakonata kao jedne regionalne cjeline Zagrebačke crkve te kako je taj razvoj tekao u skladu s kraljevom politikom.After Mongol invasion, year 1249. hungarian-croatian king Bela IV. begun with compleks administrative and agrarian reform on the territory of medieval Slavonia. His goal was stabilization of the Royal power. That reform affected equally church and secular land property. At that time Zagreb Church Bishopric supported King Bela. Although, he was securing his position by appointing some of his friends and companions as bishops or other members of church administratives. For example the highest rank of all had his close friend Zagreb bishop Filip. Such politics also made certain impact on the distribution and arrangement of church land property on the territory of Bishopric. As one administrative part of the Bishopric, Archdiaconatus of Komarnica was nearest to the Hungarian Kingdom. There are also evident some changes that can be associated with the Reform. So, by comparring literary sources and relevant literature Author analized compleks relationship between King and Bishopric, especially on the territory of Komarnica Archdiaconatus. As a result mayority of Royal deeds appointed to the Church was associated with Royal donations of landed property to secure place for building forts, and donations of the Royal land (terra regalis) into the private hands of the highest church administratives that supported King. On the other hand mayority of the Church Royal decrees were only confirmations for older possessions. Although it is obvious that Bishopric enlarged its property buying some peaces of landed property, or by exchange. Also, large private estate was given to the Bishop Filip and his family. At that time his private estate was connected with the other Church estates forming unbroken net of landed possessions. They were situated along the most important medieval roads and correlated with important cities or manorial towns