The rare myco-heterotrophic orchid Epipogium aphyllum Swartz was recorded on Mt Velebit for the first time. It was found in beech and fir dominated primeval forest (ass. Omphalodo-Fagetum) in Klepina duliba. After Mt Medvednica, Plitvička jezera and Samoborsko gorje, this is the fourth record of that species in Croatia in the last eighty years.Rijetka mikoheterotrofna orhideja bezlisni nadbradac Epipogium aphyllum Swartz pronađena je po prvi put na Velebitu. Zabilježena je u bukovo-jelovoj prašumi (as. Omphalodo-Fagetum) u Klepinoj dulibi. Uz Medvednicu, Plitvička jezera i Samoborsko gorje ovo je četvrto nalazište vrste u Hrvatskoj u posljednjih osamdeset godina

Antun Alegro

Vedran Šegota

English

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short communication / kratko priop}enjeFIRST RECORD OF THE RAREMYCO-HETEROTROPHIC ORCHID EPIPOGIUMAPHYLLUM SWARTZ ON MT VELEBIT (CROATIA)VEDRAN [EGOTA1* & ANTUN ALEGRO21Institute for Research and Development of Sustainable Ecosystems,Jagodno 100a, 10415 Novo ^i~e, Velika Gorica, Croatia2Department of Botany and Botanical garden, Division of Biology,Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Maruli}ev trg 20/II,HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia[egota, V. & Alegro, A.: First record of the rare myco-heterotrophic orchid Epipogium aphyllumSwartz on Mt Velebit (Croatia). Nat. Croat., Vol. 20, No. 2., 437–441, 2011, Zagreb.The rare myco-heterotrophic orchid Epipogium aphyllum Swartz was recorded on Mt Velebit forthe first time. It was found in beech and fir dominated primeval forest (ass. Omphalodo-Fagetum) inKlepina duliba. After Mt Medvednica, Plitvi~ka jezera and Samoborsko gorje, this is the fourth re-cord of that species in Croatia in the last eighty years.Key words: Epipogium aphyllum, myco-heterotrophic orchid, Velebit, Croatia[egota, V. & Alegro, A.: Prvi nalaz rijetke mikoheterotrofne orhideje Epipogium aphyllumSwartz na Velebitu (Hrvatska). Nat. Croat., Vol. 20, No. 2., 437–441, 2011, Zagreb.Rijetka mikoheterotrofna orhideja bezlisni nadbradac Epipogium aphyllum Swartz prona|ena jepo prvi put na Velebitu. Zabilje`ena je u bukovo-jelovoj pra{umi (as. Omphalodo-Fagetum) u Klepi-noj dulibi. Uz Medvednicu, Plitvi~ka jezera i Samoborsko gorje ovo je ~etvrto nalazi{te vrste uHrvatskoj u posljednjih osamdeset godina.Klju~ne rije~i: Epipogium aphyllum, mikoheterotrofna orhideja, Velebit, HrvatskaINTRODUCTIONMost European orchids are autotrophic, however few are myco-heterotrophic,feeding on decomposing organic substances acquired from fungi. This feature isknown in the genera Epipogium R. Br. and Neottia Ludwig, which are completelydevoid of chlorophyll, and Limodorum Boehmer and Corallorhiza Châtel., which re-tain a little of it (DELFORGE, 2006). However, certain autotrophic species occasionallyNAT. CROAT. VOL. 20 No 2 437¿441 ZAGREB December 31, 2011Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, Zagreb, Croatia* corresponding author: vedran.segota@ires.hrlack chlorophyll, subsisting on decomposed material by using mycorrhyza. Thisway of functioning, termed hemi-saprophytism, is sometimes found in the generaCephalanthera L.C.M. Richard and Epipactis Zinn, where albinism has only been re-ported exceptionally (DELFORGE, 2006). Furthermore, several other orchid species,such as Goodyera repens (L.) R. Br. and Listera cordata (L.) R. Br. are sometimesdeemed hemi-saprophytic (STEVANOVI] & JANKOVI], 2001).In Croatian flora, four mycoheterotropic, i.e. saprophytic orchid species are known.While Limodorum abortivum (L.) Swartz, Neottia nidus-avis (L.) L.C.M. Richard andCorallorhiza trifida Châtel. are rather common species, Epipogium aphyllum Swartz isone of the rarest orchid species in Croatia.The genus Epipogium is composed of few species, of which only E. aphyllum hasEurosibirian distribution (LAUBER & WAGNER, 1998, LANDOLT, 2010). E. aphyllum(syn. Satyrium epipogium L., Epipogium gmelinii L.C.M. Richard) is a temperate-bo-real species (BAUMANN et al., 2006) growing in Northern (Scandinavia, Russia) andCentral Europe, extending southwards in the mountains to the Pyrenees, CentralApennines, North-Western Greece and Crimea (MOORE, 1980). It is common inmontane and subalpine beech (Fagus sylvatica), fir (Abies alba) and spruce (Piceaabies) dominated forests with high air humidity and organic and base rich sub-strates, reaching up to 1900 m a.s.l. (BAUMANN et al., 2006).438 [egota, V. & Alegro, A.: First record of Epipogium aphyllum on Mt VelebitFig. 1. Distribution of Epipogium aphyllum Swartz in Croatia.  – findings from 1861 to1930; – findings from 1930 to 2011; – finding site Mt VelebitRESULTS AND DISCUSSIONAlthough known from several localities mentioned in old botanical literature,findings of Epipogium aphyllum in Croatia in the last 80 years have been very rare(Fig. 1.). Probably the first finding of this species belongs to KLINGGRÄFF (1861) whorecorded it on Mt Medvednica near Zagreb, where he found it rare (»rara ad St.Jacobum«). On the same mountain this species was found by SCHLOSSER & VUKOTI-NOVI] (1869), who, moreover, found it further to the East (Daruvar in Slavonija re-gion) and North (Ma|arevo in Hrvatsko zagorje region). Their findings from Med-vednica are supported by two herbarium specimens, collected in 1854 and depositedin ZA. In addition, the species was recorded again on Medvednica by FORENBACHER(1908). Furthermore, the species was found in the mountains of the western part ofthe Croatia – on Risnjak (Hirc, 1899; 1905) and ]i}arija (POSPICHAL, 1897; ROSSI,1930). After 1930 records of E. aphyllum in Croatia were scarce. It was confirmedagain for Medvednica by KRANJ^EV (2005), and newly found in the Plitvi~ka jezeraNational Park (KRGA, 1992) and Samoborsko gorje (RANDI], 1999).On July 25 2011, during research into the primeval forest of Klepina duliba([tirova~a Forest, Northern Velebit) the species was noticed within beech and firdominated forest (ass. Omphalodo – Fagetum (Tregubov 1957) Martin~ek et al. 1993)(Fig. 2). The Gaus Krueger coordinates of the finding site are 5548881 and 4972557.Nat. Croat. Vol. 20(2), 2011 439Fig. 2. Epipogium aphyllum Swartz; Klepina duliba, [tirova~a, Northern Velebit(photo: V. [egota)Plants in a large cluster, containing approximately ten erect aerial stems, develop-ing from auxiliary bulbils on the underground stolons, were noticed close to thelong-decaying fir bole. Since Epipogium aphyllum is rare and strictly protected bylaw, it was not collected for the herbarium, but only photographed.The small population of E. aphyllum in the Klepina duliba represents the firstfinding of that species on Velebit (conf. DEGEN, 1936–1938; FORENBACHER, 2001), aswell as the extension of its areal in the Croatian Dinarides, including Risnjak. More-over, this finding is only the fourth in the last eighty years in Croatia. Since thestands in Klepina duliba are not managed by Forestry Services, the natural pro-cesses of forest regeneration are ensured. Hence, the optimal habitats for the suste-nance of E. aphyllum – such as shady sites on decaying logs and twigs, as well as athick layer of litter are maintained, and new findings of this species could be ex-pected. Nevertheless, the species is generally hard to see and very irregular at itssites, since it becomes visible only during its flowering – moreover, it may notflower for several years or will even flower underground (DELFORGE, 2006). An in-teresting feature of its flowers, having nectar with the scent of fermented banana(DELFORGE, 2006), could sometimes possibly help botanists in finding the species inthe wild.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe authors wish to express their gratitude to Professor Joso Vukeli} from Fac-ulty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, for his help and support in the organisationof the field trip in Northern Velebit.Received August 27, 2011REFERENCESBAUMANN, H., KÜNKELE, S. & LORENZ, R., 2006: Orchideen Europas mit angrenzenden Gebieten.Ulmer Naturführer.DEGEN, A. VON, 1936–1938: Flora Velebitica. I–IV. Ungar. Akademie der Wissenschaften. Budapest.DELFORGE, P., 2006: Orchids of Europe, North Africa and Middle East. Timber Press. Portland.FORENBACHER, A., 1908: Vegetacione formacije zagreba~ke okoline. Rad Jugoslav. Akad. Znan. Umjetn.175, 1–80.FORENBACHER, S., 2001: Velebit i njegov biljni svijet. 2. ed. [kolska knjiga. Zagreb.HIRC, D., 1899: ^udan cviet izpod Risnjaka. Hrvatski planinar 11, 164–166.HIRC, D., 1905: Prirodni zemljopis Hrvatske. Tisak i naklada Antuna Scholza. Zagreb.KLINGGRÄFF, H. VON, 1861: Die inder Umgegend von Agram in Croatien vorkommenden Pflanzen.Linnaea 2, 6–49.KRANJ^EV. R., 2005: Orhideje (Orchidaceae) {umskih stani{ta. [umarski list 129 (7–8), 424–429.KRGA, M., 1992: Flora Nacionalnog parka Plitvi~kih jezera. Plitvi~ki bilten 5, 27–66.LANDOLT, E., 2010: Flora Indicativa. Editions des Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques ville de Genève& Verlag Paul Haupt. Bern – Stuttgart – Wien.LAUBER, K. & WAGNER, G., 1998: Flora Helvetica. 2. Aufl. Verlag Paul Haupt. Bern – Stuttgart – Wien.MOORE, D. M., 1980: Epipogium aphyllum Schwartz. In: TUTIN, T. G., HEYWOOD, V. H., BURGES, N. A.,MOORE, D. M., VALENTINE, D. H., WALTERS, S. M., WEBB, D. A. (eds.): Flora Europaea 5. 328.Cambridge University Press. Cambridge-New York-Port Chester-melbourne-Sydney.440 [egota, V. & Alegro, A.: First record of Epipogium aphyllum on Mt VelebitPOSPICHAL, E., 1897: Flora des Oesterreichischen Küstenlandes. Erster Band. Leipzig und Wien.RANDI], M., 1999: Opa`anje. In: NIKOLI], T., 2011 (ed.): Flora Croatica Database. On-Line (http://hirc.botanic.hr/fcd). Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb.ROSSI, LJ, 1930: Pregled flore Hrvatskog Primorja. Prirod. istra`. Kralj. Jugoslavije 17, 1–368.SCHLOSSER, J. C. K. & VUKOTINOVI], LJ., 1869: Flora Croatica. Sumptibus et auspiciis academiaescientiarum et articum slavorum meridionalium I–CXLI, 1–1362. Zagreb.STEVANOVI], M., B. & JANKOVI], M., M., 2001: Ekologija biljaka sa osnovama fiziolo{ke ekologijebiljaka. NNK International. Beograd.S A @ E TA KPrvi nalaz rijetke mikoheterotrofne orhideje Epipogium aphyllumSwartz na Velebitu (Hrvatska)V. [egota & A. AlegroBezlisni nadbradac (Epipogium aphyllum) jedna je od ~etiri mikoheterotrofne orhi-deje u flori Hrvatske, uz {iljorep (Limodorum abortivum), koko{ku (Neottia nidus-avis)i koralju{u (Corallorhiza trifida). To je eurosibirska vrsta koja raste u bukovim, jelo-vim i smrekovim {umama umjerene i borealne zone. Vrstu se rijetko zamje}uje, jerje vidljiva jedino za vrijeme cvatnje, a cvate rijetko i neredovito, ponekad ~ak i utlu. U Hrvatskoj je do 1930. zabilje`ena na nekoliko lokaliteta (Medvednica, Daruvar,Ma|arevo u Hrvatskom zagorju, Risnjak i ]i}arija). Do danas, vrsta je potvr|ena zaMedvednicu te prona|ena u NP Plitvi~ka jezera i Samoborskom gorju.U srpnju 2011. vrsta je po prvi put zabilje`ena za Velebit. Desetak jedinki prona-|eno je na lokalitetu Klepina duliba u [tirova~i, u bukovo-jelovoj pra{umi (Omphalo-do-Fagetum), na zasjenjenom stani{tu pokraj raspadaju}ih trupaca jele, na tlu boga-tom listincem. Pronalazak vrste na Velebitu predstavlja, dakle, ~etvrto nalazi{te uHrvatskoj u posljednjih osamdeset godina.Nat. Croat. Vol. 20(2), 2011 441

Prvi nalaz rijetke mikoheterotrofne orhideje Epipogium aphyllum Swartz na Velebitu (Hrvatska)

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