NASOGASTRIC TUBE FEEDING IN PRETERM INFANTS

Abstract

Dojenje, omogućeno refleksom sisanja koji se javlja do 32. tjedna gestacije, osigurava sve potrebne hranjive sastojke i zaštitu djeteta u novorođenačkoj dobi. Sisanje je proces uvlačenja tekućine u usnu šupljinu snagom usisavanja proizvedenom pokretanjem obraza, usana i jezika, a gutanje je funkcija premještanja hrane i pića kroz usnu šupljinu, ždrijelo i jednjak u želudac određenim ritmom i brzinom. U slučajevima odsutnosti refleksa sisanja kod prijevremeno rođene djece nužno je osigurati prehranu enteralnim putem, najčešće pomoću nazogastrične sonde. Iako je hranjenje sondom nemoguće izbjeći, potrebno je primijeniti sve terapijske mogućnosti radi skraćivanja vremena prisutnosti sonde i prevencije negativnih posljedica ovakvoga načina prehrane. Programi taktilnih stimulacija peri-intraoralnih struktura i nehranidbenog sisanja pokazali su dobre učinke u usvajanju oralnoga hranjenja prijevremeno rođenih, kraćem razdoblju hranjenja sondom i kraćim boravkom u bolnici.Breastfeeding, which is enabled by the sucking reflex appearing at about 32 gestational weeks, provides all the relevant nutritive substances and protects the child during the neonatal period. Breastfeeding is the process of drinking fluid into the mouth by sucking power produced by moving the jowl, lips and tongue. Swallowing is the function of dislocating food and fluid through the mouth to the oesophagus and the stomach with a certain rhythm and speed. When the sucking reflex is absent in prematures, it is important to provide enteral nutrition, mostly by a nasogastric tube. Although it is impossible to avoid nasogastric tube feeding, it is necessary to apply all therapeutic possibilities to shorten the duration of tube use and to prevent the negative effects of this feeding procedure. Programs of tactile stimulation of the perioral structures and non-feeding sucking have a good effect on learning oral feeding, shorter tube feeding time and shorter hospitalization

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