Prema brojnim istraživanjima adenomi hipofize vrlo su česte neoplazme, a među njima
su najčešći prolaktinomi. Suvremene epidemiološke studije pokazuju da su adenomi hipofize
3 do 5 puta učestaliji nego što se mislilo. Razvojem i dostupnošću modernih neuroradioloških
metoda, kao i pouzdanim mjerenjem koncentracije hormona u plazmi bolesnika,
dijagnoza adenoma hipofize postala je jednostavnija i pouzdanija. Sve češće susrećemo tzv. incidentalome,
tzv. slučajno nađene tumore hipofize, kod potpuno asimptomatskih bolesnika,
bez biokemijskih ili neuroloških promjena.
Adenomi hipofize najčešće se dijagnosticiraju u mladih žena u reproduktivnoj dobi. Kod muškaraca
i starijih osoba su rjeđi, a obično se dijagnosticiraju u uznapredovanoj fazi kao nefunkcionalni
adenomi ili makroprolaktinomi s dominacijom neuroloških ispada u kliničkoj slici. U
djetinjstvu su rijetki, a mogu se javiti i u obliku nasljednih adenoma hipofize. Atipični invazivni
adenomi javljaju se u 15 % makroadenoma hipofize, a maligna alteracija izuzetno je rijetka.
Cijena njihovog liječenja je visoka. Poznavanje epidemioloških podataka omogućuje kvalitetnije
planiranje kliničke obrade u zdravstvenom sustavu uz smanjenje nepotrebnog morbiditeta,
kao i troškova liječenja.According to numerous studies pituitary adenomas are very common neoplasms
with prolactinomas as the most frequent. Contemporary epidemiological studies show that
pituitary adenomas are 3 to 5 times more common than previously thought. The diagnosis
of pituitary adenomas has become more simple and accurate with development and availability
of modern neuroradiological methods as well as reliable measurement of hormone
concentration in patient plasma. Today we frequently encounter pituitary adenomas which
were found by coincidence in completely asymptomatic patients who have no laboratory or
neurological abnormalities. These tumors are called incidentalomas.
Pituitary adenomas are most frequently diagnosed among young women in their reproductive
age. In men and older people they are less sommon and are usually recognized in advanced
stages as nonfunctional adenomas or macroprolactinomas with neurological abnormalities
as major clinical features. Childhood pituitary adenomas are also rare and can occur
as inherited pituitary adenomas. Atypical invasive adenomas occur in 15 % of pituitary macroadenomas
and malignant alteration is extremely rare. Although the price of treatment is
very high, knowing epidemiological data enables better planning of resources in the health
system and decreases the unnecessary morbidity and costs of treatment
