The Design Argument – Anthropic Principle

Abstract

Argumenti plana nastoje prepoznati različita empirijska svojstva svijeta kao evidenciju inteligentnog nacrta te zaključuju kako je Božja opstojnost najbolje objašnjenje tih svojstava. Svijet pokazuje visoki stupanj reda i koherencije, što vodi do zaključka kako je svemir napravljen po nekom planu, nacrtu. Nacrta nema bez crtača, dizajna bez dizajnera. Dizajner svijeta je Bog. Dvojbeni pristup Humea i Kanta argumentu plana imao je i svoj odjek u tom vremenu. Darwin (19. st.) razvija teoriju evolucije o razvoju vrsta i prirodnoj selekciji živih organizama. Mnogi misle kako je poznati Paleyev oblik argumenta plana (ako bismo u šetnji na nekoj livadi našli sat, razumno bi bilo zaključiti da je morao imati izumitelja, konstruktora) ozbiljno oslabio vjerojatnost ispravnosti teorije evolucije o prirodnoj selekciji. Antropijski princip ili argument "finog ugađanja" u svemiru može se također prikazati kao argument plana: ako bi se svemir i sasvim malo razlikovao od sadašnjeg, nas ne bi bilo ovdje. Drži se da je svemir uređen na temelju nekoliko prirodnih zakona te da je u prirodi dostignuta izvanredna ravnoteža. Svemir ima upravo takve vrijednosti univerzalnih konstanti da bi se čovjek mogao razviti i biti svjedokom svoje pripadnosti svemiru. Čini se da je uređen (ugođen) isključivo tako da nama bude ugodan. Ova misao o svrhovitosti podrazumijeva postojanje Stvoritelja svemira.Design arguments endeavor to identify the empirical features of the world as evidence of intelligent design and conclude that God\u27s existence best explains these features. Such a high degree of order and coherence is prevalent in the world, that this leads to the conclusion that the universe was created according to a plan or design; furthermore, since there is no such thing as a blueprint or drawing without a draftsman, neither is there a design without a designer, and the designer of the world is God. Hume\u27s and Kant\u27s questionable approach to the design argument did have its repercussions in their day. In the 19th century, Darwin develops his evolution theory on species formation and natural selection of living organisms. Many believe that Paley\u27s renowned argument form (were we to find a watch on our walk through a meadow, it would be reasonable to assume that the watch had an inventor, that someone fashioned it) decidedly diminished the probability that the theory of evolution on natural selection is valid. The anthropic principle, or the fine-tuned universe argument, can also be put forward as a design argument – if the universe were to deviate even slightly from what it is now, we would not be here. It is generally held that order in the universe is grounded in several natural laws, and that a high level of equilibrium has been achieved in nature. The values of universal constants are such that they enable man to develop and see himself as belonging in the universe. It seems that the universe is arranged (tuned) exclusively to be agreeable to man. This thought on the notion of purposefulness implies the existence of a Creator of the universe