Effect of the maturity stage of grass at harvesting on the chemical composition of grass clover silage

Abstract

Cilj ovih istraživanja bio je utvrditi promjene kemijskog sastava i kvalitete fermentacije silaža travno-djetelinskih smjesa (TDS) košenih u različitim stadijima fenološke zrelosti. TDS je spremljena u tri različite faze fenološkog razvoja klupčaste oštrice (Dactylis glomerata L.) kao dominantne trave u tratini: kasno vlatanje (TS1), metličanje (TS2) i cvatnja (TS3). Klasičnim kemijskim metodama analizirano je po 16 uzoraka travne silaže svakog roka košnje travne mase. Udio suhe tvari (ST) TS1, TS2 i TS3 iznosio je 396, 408 i 463 g kg-1 svježeg uzorka, respektivno, a sirovih proteina (SP) 119,6; 98, i 90,3 g kg-1 ST respektivno. Odgađanjem roka košnje TDS za proizvodnju silaže statistički značajno (P<0,001) povećao se udio ST u TS3, kao i organske tvari (P<0,001), neutralnih detergent vlakana (NDF) (P<0,05) i kiselih detergent vlakana (ADF) (P<0,001) u odnosu na TS1. Silaža ranog roka košnje sadržavala je više sirovih proteina (P<0,001) u odnosu na silažu srednjeg i kasnog roka košnje. Kvaliteta fermentacije s obzirom na pH-vrijednost TS1, TS2 i TS3 (4,4; 5,2 i 4,7 respektivno), udio mliječne i octene kiseline, te potpuni izostanak maslačne kiseline ide u prilog dobroj fermentaciji ispitivanih silaža. Rok košnje nije utjecao na kvalitetu fermentacije travne mase. Zaključeno je da rok košnje TDS značajno utječe na kemijski sastav silaže. Shodno tome, za proizvodnju silaže visoke kvalitete s obzirom na kemijski sastav, masu TDS-a potrebno je kositi u ranijoj fazi fenološke zrelosti tratine.The objective of this research was to determine changes in chemical composition and fermentation quality among grass clover silages harvested at different maturity stages. Grass clover silage was harvested in three maturity stages of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) that was a dominant grass in the sward: late vegetative (GS1), internode elongation (GS2) i and flowering (GS3). Classical chemical analysis methods were used to analyse 16 samples of each of the maturity stage. Dry matter (DM) content of GS1, GS2 and GS3 was 396, 408 and 463 g kg-1 of the fresh sample, respectively, while crude protein (CP) content was 120, 98 and 90 g kg-1 DM respectively. While comparing GS3 and GS1, delaying the term of grass harvesting significantly increased DM content (P<0.001), organic matter, (P<0.001), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (P<0.05) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) (P<0.001). Early cut silage had significantly higher content of CP (P<0.001) in comparison with medium and late cut grass silage. It was concluded that maturity stage of grass clover at harvesting has significant influence on silage chemical composition. If the aim of production is higher quality grass silage, grass has to be cut at the earlier maturity stage

    Similar works