Uovom radu analizira se mjesto i uloga političke tolerancije u
strukturi demokratske političke kulture i njihov funkCionalni
odnos prema demokraciji odnosno slobodi. Analiza se prije svega
temelji na istraživanjima demokratske političke kulture u SAD-u i
Rusiji J. L. Gibsona. Rezultati njegova istraživanja pokazali su da
građani Rusije (Moskovske oblasti) imaju zavidnu razinu demokratske
političke kulture na svim dimenzijama ove pojave, osim
na dimenziji političke tolerancije. Samo je oko 19% njih iskazalo
stav političke tolerancije prema opozicijskim grupama u društvu,
dok je taj postotak u SAD-u bio dvostruko veći. I na nekim drugim
mjerama ruski građani su bili inferiorniji prema američkim građanima.
Tako su rezultati pokazali da su ruski građani posjedovali
razmjerno visoku razinu samocenzure (opažanja interpersonalnog
ograničenja za slobodno političko ponašanje). Iz toga se
mogao izvesti zaključak kako je visoka samocenzura, kao i mjera
o nepovjerenju jednih u druge, štetnija za razvoj demokracije nego
opažena represija koja može dolaziti od vladajućih struktura
(tj. režima).In this work the author analyzes the position and role of political
tolerance within the structure of democratic political culture and
their functional relationship towards democracy, Le. freedom. The
analysis is primarily based on research of the democratic political
culture in the U.SA and Russia by J.L.Gibson. The results of his
research indicate that the citizens of Russia (the Moscow area)
have acquired an enviable level of democratic political culture in
all dimensions of this phenomenon except in the dimension of political
tolerance. Only about 19% expressed the attitude of political
tolerance towards oppositional groups in society, while in the
U.S. this percentage was twice as higb. The Russians were inferior
to the Americans in some other findings as well. Russian citizens,
for example, displayed a relatively high level of self-censorship
(observation of inter-personal limitations for free political
behavior). A conclusion could be therefore drawn that a high degree
of self-censorship, as was the measure of distrust of one towards
the other, can be more damaging for the development of
democracy than observed repression coming from the power
structure, Le., from the regime.Yorliegende Arbeit analysiert Stellung und Bedeutung politischer
Toleranz in der Struktur demokratischer politischer Kultur
sowie ihr funktionales Verhaltnis zur Demokratie bzw. Freiheit.
Die Analyse grOndet sich in erster Linie auf die von J. L. Gibson
durchgefOhrten Forschungen zur demokratischen politischen
Kultur in den USA und in Ru~land. Gibsons Forschungen ergaben,
da~ die russischen BOrger (Bezirk Moskau) ein beachtliches
Niveau demokratischer politischer Kultur in allen ihren Dimensionen
aufweisen, ausgenommen jedoch die Dimension der politischen
Toleranz. Lediglich 19% bezeugten politische Toleranz gegen
Ober oppositionellen Gruppen in der Gesellschaft, wahrend
der entsprechende Prozentsatz in den USA doppelt so hoch lag.
Auch bei einigen weiteren Messungen waren die Russen den
Amerikanern unterlegen. Die Resultate zeigten einen relativ hohen
Grad an Selbstzensur (Wahrnehmung interpersonaler Einschrankungen
fOr freies politisches Verhalten) bei den russischen
BOrgern. Dies errnčqlichte die Schlufšfolqerunq, da~ ein hoher
Grad an Selbstzensur sowie fehlendes Vertrauen in die Mitmenschen
schadlicher sind fOr die Entwicklung der Demokratie als
wahrgenommene Repression, die von den herrschenden Strukturen
(d.h. vom Regime) kommt
