Serološko istraživanje leptospiroze u pasa u Nigeriji.

Abstract

Serum antibody titres against the prevailing serovars of Leptospira interrogans were evaluated in 52 dogs that were clinically and epidemiological screened for leptospirosis by the microscopic agglutination test in three ecologically distinct veterinary clinics in the Southwestern Nigeria. New non-vaccinal serovars of grippotyphosa, pomona and bratislava were of higher (P<0.01) prevalence than the old vaccinal serovars of canicola and icterohaemorrhagiae due to growing pet-wildlife contact in urbanization that exposes the pets to these former animal serovars. Grippotyphosa was again singularly higher (P<0.02) in prevalence in the large adult male dogs among the local and exotic breeds tested in the coastal urban clinic than in the arid suburban clinic with an over-representation of the German Shepherd breed (46.2%). Aetiological serovars were diagnosed as grippotyphosa in both the rain forest belt clinic A and the arid savannah belt clinic C and mixed grippotyphosa, bratislava and pomona in the urban coastal clinic B. Heavy coastal rains that promote spirochetes survival in dirty flood waters, the contaminating vaccination-induced “carrier” state that exposes dogs to new and more pathogenic serovars, use of abattoir-offal as dog foods and the fast urbanization in city clinics that permits more dog-wildlife contacts, which also promotes contact with more pathogenic wild serovars, were responsible for the change in epidemiology. Use of new polyvalent subunit vaccines against the new serovars with an improved protocol, good kennel hygiene, including watering and feeding and environmental sanitation, including wildlife control, are recommended for control.Titar serumskih protutijela za najčešće serovarove vrste Leptospira interrogans određivan je mikroskopskom aglutinacijom u uzorcima seruma 52 psa s triju ekološki različitih područja jugozapadne Nigerije. Prevalencija je bila veća (P<0,01) za novodokazane serovarove Grippotyphosa, Pomona i Bratislava protiv kojih psi nisu bili cijepljeni, nego za serovarove Canicola i Icterohaemorrhagiae koji se rabe za proizvodnju cjepiva. To se događa zbog sve češćeg dodira između kućnih ljubimaca i divljih životinja pa su ljubimci izloženiji serovarovima iz divljih životinja. Veća prevalencija (P<0,02) dokazana je za serovar Grippotyphosa u populaciji odraslih mužjaka velikih pasmina u klinikama priobalnih gradova nego u klinikama sušnih prigradskih naselja s najvećom učestalošću u pasmine njemački ovčar (46,2%). Serovar Grippotyphosa bio je dokazan i u vlažnom šumskog pojasu A i u suhom savanskom pojasu C dok su mješovite zaraze serovarovima Grippotyphosa, Bratislava i Pomona bile dokazane u klinikama priobalnih gradskih područja. Promjeni epizootiološkog stanja leptospiroze doprinijele su jake priobalne kiše koje pogoduju preživljavanju leptospira u površinskim vodama, kliconoštvo nakon vakcinacije što omogućuje izloženost pasa novim virulentnijim serovarovima, upotreba klaoničkih otpadaka za pasju hranu te brza urbanizacija koja doprinosi prijenosu bolesti s divljih životinja na pse. Uporaba novih polivalentnih podjediničnih cjepiva protiv novih serovarova na tom području s poboljšanim protokolom cijepljenja, dobra higijena štenara, uključujući pranje, hranidbu i sanitarne mjere te kontrola kretanja divljači preporučuju se kao kontrolne mjere za suzbijanje leptospiroze