On the basis of 33 locality records of Gyas titanus Simon, 1879 (Opiliones, Phalangiidae) it is stated that the species more or less continuously inhabits the western and middle Balkans. Thus the Alpine-Balkans-Carpathian range of the species is continuous.Na osnovu 33 nalaza Gyas titanus Simon, 1879 (Opiliones, Phalangiidae) utvrđuje se da vrsta kontinuirano naseljava zapadni i srednji Balkan. Zaključuje se da je alpsko-balkansko-karpatski areal vrste kontinuiran

Ljuba Slana

Saša Lipovšek

Tone Novak

Na osnovu 33 nalaza Gyas titanus Simon, 1879 (Opiliones, Phalangiidae) utvrđuje se da vrsta kontinuirano naseljava zapadni i srednji Balkan. Zaključuje se da je alpsko-balkansko-karpatski areal vrste kontinuiran.On the basis of 33 locality records of Gyas titanus Simon, 1879 (Opiliones, Phalangiidae) it is stated that the species more or less continuously inhabits the western and middle Balkans. Thus the Alpine-Balkans-Carpathian range of the species is continuous

Novak, Tone

Lipovšek, Saša

Slana, Ljuba

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ISSN 1330-0520 original scientific paper / izvorni znanstveni radUDK 591.91⋅595.343(497.5⋅/1–924.64)BIOGEOGRAPHICAL REMARKS ON GYASTITANUS SIMON, 1879 (OPILIONES,PHALANGIIDAE) IN THE BALKANSTONE NOVAK1, SA[A LIPOV[EK1 & LJUBA SLANA21Department of Biology, University of Maribor, Koro{ka 160,SI–2000 Maribor, Slovenia2Ozare 31, SI–2380 Slovenj Gradec, SloveniaNovak T., S. Lipov{ek & L. Slana: Biogeographical remarks on Gyas titanus Simon, 1879(Opiliones, Phalangiidae) in the Balkans. Nat. Croat., Vol. 9, No. 3., 189–194, 2000, Zagreb.On the basis of 33 locality records of Gyas titanus Simon, 1879 (Opiliones, Phalangiidae) it isstated that the species more or less continuously inhabits the western and middle Balkans. Thusthe Alpine-Balkans-Carpathian range of the species is continuous.Key words: the Balkans, biogeography, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Gyas titanus, Monte-negro, Opiliones, SerbiaNovak T., S. Lipov{ek & L. Slana: Biogeografske opaske o Gyas titanus Simon, 1879 (Opilio-nes, Phalangiidae) na Balkanu. Nat. Croat., Vol. 9, No. 3., 189–194, 2000, Zagreb.Na osnovu 33 nalaza Gyas titanus Simon, 1879 (Opiliones, Phalangiidae) utvr|uje se da vrstakontinuirano naseljava zapadni i srednji Balkan. Zaklju~uje se da je alpsko-balkansko-karpatskiareal vrste kontinuiran.Klju~ne rije~i: Balkan, biogeografija, Bosna i Hercegovina, Hrvatska, Gyas titanus, Crna Gora,Opiliones, SrbijaINTRODUCTIONHarvestmen of the European phalangiid genus Gyas are a mountanous species.G. annulatus (OLIVIER, 1791) is an Alpine species while G. titanus Simon, 1879, hasbeen known to inhabit disjunctively the mountains of the Iberian Peninsula, theAlps and the Carpathian Mts. (MARTENS, 1978). Generally, it has been thought thespecies does not cross the Karavanke/Karawanken mountain chain to the South, al-though a few separate finding-places have been known in the Apennines and theNAT. CROAT. VOL. 9 No 3 189–194 ZAGREB September 30, 2000Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, Zagreb, CroatiaBalkan peninsula (ibid.). In Slovenia, there is a transitional region between the Al-pine and the Balkan populations. The published (NOVAK et al., 1984; 1995; LIPOV[EKet al., 1995) and some further localities from Slovenia are included in Fig. 1, but notcited in the list; they will be published elsewhere. The provisional actual geographi-cal distribution of G. titanus in the Balkans is based on literature data and on deter-mined specimens from the following harvestman collections:• BABI] Collection, deposited at the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb;HPMZ• collections of the Slovene Museum of Natural History, Ljubljana; PMSL• Coll. of the Institute of Biology University of Ljubljana• Biological coll. of the Karst Research Institute – Research Center of the SlovenianAcademy of Sciences and Arts at Postojna• (remains of) HAD@I Coll.; JH• Biol. coll. of the Museum of Notranjska at Postojna• some small private collections• personal collection.Except for the BABI] Collection, the material is partly deposited with the authorsand partly in the PMSL.LIST OF THE AVAILABLE RECORDS OF Gyas titanus INTHE BALKANSLiterature data and new records of G. titanus at the Balkans are catalogued in theList and zoogeographically presented in Fig. 1. The UTM codes (10 x 10 km) aregiven for localities.List of the available records of Gyas titanus Simon, 1879 in the BalkansCroatiaGolik, VL93, Brod na Kupi, 22.04.1987, HORVAT, SIVEC leg.: 1 iuv. (det. TN 1175/1998; PMSL); Kiclove jame, VL93, Skrad, 700 m, 06.1914: 1 f (BABI], 1916, sub G.annulatus); 22.07.1914: 1 f (TN 687/1984; HPMZ); Kraljevi zdenac, WL77, 529 m,Zagreb, 06.1915: 2 mm, 1 f (BABI], 1916, sub G. annulatus); 13.05.1917: 1 iuv. (rev. TN690/1984; BABI] det. sub G. annulatus juv.; HPMZ); Sljeme, WL78, 04.06.1903, 900m: 1 m, 1 f (rev. TN 689/1984; BABI], 1916, sub G. annulatus; HPMZ); Slunj, WK49,DEELEMAN leg. (MARTENS, 1978); Lobor, WM81, Ivan~ica, 02.05.1986, SIVEC leg.: 2subad. (TN 1195/1998; PMSL); Strmac, XL82, Psunj, Nova Gradi{ka, 04.05.1985, SI-VEC leg.: 1 subad. (TN 1193/1998; PMSL); Kamengrad, XL94, Papuk, Slavonska Po-`ega, 03.05.1986, SIVEC leg.: 1 subad. (TN 1156/1998; PMSL); little cave at Jankovac,YL03, Velika, 657 m, 21.07.1916: 19 mm (BABI], 1916, sub G. annulatus)190 Novak, T. et al.: Biogeographical remarks on Gyas titanus Simon, 1879...Bosnia and HercegovinaKupre{ka vrata, XJ87, Bugojno, 1200 m, 10.9.1983, Coll. BIOS 2606, SIVEC leg.: 1m (TN 406/1985; PMSL); Kozarac, XK48, Prijedor, 06.05.1987, SIVEC, HORVAT leg.: 2subad. (TN 1096/1998; PMSL); Ravan, YJ38, Busova~a, Zenica, 13.05.1986, SIVEC,HORVAT leg.: 1 subad., 1 iuv. (TN 1234/1998; PMSL); Konjuh planina, CQ00, 890 m,16 km N from Kladanj, 14.10.1990, SIVEC, HORVAT leg.: 2 iuv. (TN 1256/1998; PMSL);Vranica pl., YJ27, 1400 m, 5 km SW from Fojnica, 17.10.1990, SIVEC, HORVAT leg.: 2iuv. (TN 1264/1998; PMSL); cave Ponor Bijambare, ^evljanovi}i, BP37, 28.07.1968,PRETNER leg.: 1 iuv. (TN 233/1985; JH); Rada~i}i, CP09, Kladanj, 680 m, 15.10.1990,SIVEC, HORVAT leg.: 1 iuv. (TN 1271/1998; PMSL); Magli} Mt., CN19, 25 km S fromFo~a, AUSOBSKY leg. (MARTENS, 1978)YugoslaviaSerbia and KosovoRugovska klisura, DN32, AUSOBSKY leg. (MARTENS, 1978); Pe}, DN42, AUSOBSKYleg. (MARTENS, 1978); Kopaonik, DN89 (?), 19.9.1964: 3 iuv. (TN 627/1983; HAD@Idet. sub Mitopus morio kopaonicensis ssp. n.; JH); cave Stopi}a pe}ina, DP00 (?), Ro-`anstvo, Zlatibor, 20.06.1923 (ROEWER, 1935, sub G. annulatus: 6 (m f), Nr. 1163; cf.MARTENS, 1978); Golija, DP45 (?), ^a~ak, 2.6.1911, DU[ANOVI] leg.: 1 m, 1 f (TN578/1984; JH); at a tributary to Resava river, EP38, Beljanica planina Mt., Despoto-vac, 07.10.1986, SIVEC, HORVAT leg.: 1 iuv. (TN 1088/1998; PMSL); Plavna, FQ00, Ne-gotin, 09.10.1986, SIVEC, HORVAT leg.: 1 iuv. (TN 1132/1998; PMSL)MontenegroKraljeske bare, CN83, Kola{in, 23.09.1987, SIVEC, HORVAT leg.: 1 iuv. (TN 959/1998; PMSL); Biogradsko jezero, CN84, Mojkovac, 21.09.1987, SIVEC, HORVAT leg.: 1 f(TN 944/1998, PMSL); Kraljeske bare, CN92, 24.09.1987, SIVEC, HORVAT leg.: 1 iuv.(TN 964/1998; PMSL); Komovi, CN92, AUSOBSKY leg. (MARTENS, 1978); Gnjili po-tok, CN93, Andrijevica, 27.04.1987, SIVEC, HORVAT leg.: 1 iuv. (TN 1076/1998; PMSL);Kola{in, CN93, 24.09.1987, SIVEC, HORVAT leg.: 1 iuv. (TN 993/1998; PMSL); Tre{nje-vik, CN93, Kola{in, 27.04.1987, SIVEC, HORVAT leg.: 1 iuv. (TN 1203/1997; PMSL); vi-cinity of Plav, DN11, 1918, WINNEGUTH leg. (Umgebg. Plav): 1 f (TN 155/1984; JH);Kula, DN33, Ro`aje, 25.09.1987, SIVEC, HORVAT leg.: 1 iuv. (TN 939/1998; PMSL)DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONSReview of the BABI] and HAD@I collections has revealed that the published rec-ords of G. annulatus for Croatia (BABI], 1916; HAD@I, 1973) and Serbia (HAD@I, 1973)relate to G. titanus. The same is true of ROEWER’s (1935) records for Serbia (MAR-TENS, 1978), while ROEWER’s notice (1957: 1 m, 1 f; RII/2807/52) of the species forDalmatia in an unknown locality is uncertain. The mistaken determinations werecaused by the use of an invalid specific character: it used to be thought that the tro-chanters of G. titanus are black and those of G. annulatus white, but specimens of G.titanus with pale trochanters also occur (MARTENS, 1978).Nat. Croat. Vol. 9(3), 2000 191In the vicinities of Zagreb (Croatia), Sarajevo (Bosnia) and Plav (Montenegro)harvestmen have been collected several times. For these regions a nearly continu-ous distribution of G. titanus can be established. It is reasonable to assume that thespecies also inhabits regions that have not been intensely investigated and fromwhich only single findings are known. On the other hand, KRATOCHVÍL (1946) didnot find G. titanus in spite of intensive searching for arachnids in caves of northernDalmatia, Bosnia, Hercegovina and Montenegro, probably because he did not visit(water-)caves in winter (cf. NOVAK et al., 1999). In pre-alpine and montane regionsthe species occurs only by woodland stream banks. In addition, separate local po-pulations occur, and this should be kept in mind where systematic mapping is tobe carried out.192 Novak, T. et al.: Biogeographical remarks on Gyas titanus Simon, 1879...Fig. 1. The map of reliable records and presumed distribution of Gyas titanusin the BalkansG. titanus has been recorded in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegroand Serbia. It is expected in northern parts of Albania (at least at Mt M. e Ra-dohinës and Mt M. Hekurave) and probably in Macedonia (Mt [ar planina, Mt Ko-rab) and some western Bulgarian mountains (e. g. Mt Stara planina), although ithad not been found in Bulgaria before 1976 (STAR GA, 1976). Along the border moun-tain chain between Albania and Macedonia (Mts Korab, Jablanica and Goli~ica) therange possibly extends just into the very north-western parts of Greece (e.g. AyiosYermanós Mt.). In the southern countries it is expected to inhabit woodland streambanks above 800 m in altitude.Considering the above findings it seems justified to conclude that G. titanusmore or less continuously inhabits the western and middle Balkans. Except forsome isolated mountains in the Pannonian lowland (Mt Ivan~ica, Mt Sljeme, MtPapuk), populations of the species continuously extend throughout the Alps, alongthe mountains of the western and middle Balkans and in Transylvania. Thus theAlpine-Balkans-Carpathian range of the species is continuous.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe are very grateful to the staff of several institutions, who made possible thedetermination and the review of the material. We especially thank Dr. Nace Sivecand Bogdan Horvat (both Ljubljana), who collected the majority of the evaluatedsamples. Many thanks to Dr. Jürgen Gruber (Vienna) for his critical remarks on themanuscript and to Dr. Christian Komposch (Graz) and Dr. Plamen Mitov (Sofia) fortheir discussion of the geographical distribution of G. titanus in southern Austriaand Bulgaria, respectively. We are indebted to Dr. Victor Kennedy (Maribor) for lan-guage improvement.Received April 4, 2000REFERENCESBABI], K., 1916: Opilionidi hrvatskog zemaljskog zoolo{kog muzeja u Zagrebu. (The opili-onids of the Croatian Zoological Landmuseum at Zagreb.) Glasnik Hrv. zemalj. muz. (Za-greb) 28: 169–179.HAD@I, J., 1973: Opilionidea. Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae. (Ljubljana). III/4: 1–24.KRATOCHVÍL, J., 1946: Prhehled jeskynních seká~ug Dalmacie a prhilehlých ~ástí Bosny, Herce-goviny a ^erné Hory. VeFstnik ^sl. zool. spol. 10: 166–185.LIPOV[EK, S., T. NOVAK, L. SEN^I^ & L. SLANA, 1996: Prispevek k poznavanju biologije in ek-ologije vrst Gyas annulatus (Olivier, 1791) in G. titanus Simon, 1879, Phalangiidae, Opilio-nes. (A contribution to the Biology and Ecology of Gyas annulatus (Olivier, 1791) and G. ti-tanus Simon, 1879, Phalangiidae, Opiliones.) Znanstv. Rev. (Maribor) 8 (2): 129–136.NOVAK, T., J. GRUBER & L. SLANA, 1984: Remarks on Opiliones from cavities in Slovenia(Yugoslavia). Mm. Biospol. 11: 185–197.NOVAK, T., J. GRUBER & L. SLANA, 1995: Weberknechte (Opiliones) des Zentral-europäischenzoogeographischen Gebietes Sloweniens. Znanstv. Rev. (Maribor) 7 (1): 47–60.Nat. Croat. Vol. 9(3), 2000 193NOVAK, T., S. LIPOV[EK, I. SEN^I^, M. A. PABST, F. JAN@EKOVI^ & @. KNEZ, 1999: Notes on hypo-gean ecophase of Gyas titanus Simon, 1879 and G. annulatus (OLIVIER, 1791) – Phalangiidae(Opiliones). Abstracts XIVth Int. Symp. Biospeleol. Makarska: 62.ROEWER, C. F., 1935: Opiliones, V. Serie. Zugleich eine Revision aller bisher bekannter euro-päischen Laniatores. Biospeologica 62, Arch. Zool. Éxp. Gén. 78: 1–96.ROEWER, C. F., 1957: Über Oligolophinae, Caddoinae, Sclerosomatinae, Leiobuninae, Neopili-oninae und Leptobuninae (Phalangiidae, Opiliones Palpatores). (Weitere WeberknechteXX). Senck. biol. 38 (5/6): 323–358.STAR GA, W., 1976: Die Weberknechte (Opiliones, excl. Sironidae) Bulgariens. Ann. Zool. War-szawa, 33: 287–433.194 Novak, T. et al.: Biogeographical remarks on Gyas titanus Simon, 1879...

Biogeografske opaske o Gyas titanus Simon, 1879 (Opiliones, Phalangiidae) na Balkanu

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