Catholic Faculty of Theology, University of Zagreb
Abstract
Istražujemo ulogu »nade« u ostvarivanju duboke najprije ljudske, a potom kršćanske potrebe da »živimo u Prisutnosti«. Prisutnost pišemo velikim slovom da jasnije kažemo kako je riječ o stvarnosti različitoj od čovjeka i svega stvorenoga: ona je Bog. Naše smo istraživanje postavili tako da dođemo do cjelovitog odgovora koji se odnosi na tri bitne razine ljudskog bića: prije svega na razinu njegove potrebe da kao »biće bude« u Prisutnosti; potom na razini »da bude više«, tj., da se otvori mogućnosti svoje transcendencije i da kao takvo bude u Prisutnosti i, na koncu, da bude u »komunionalnoj Prisutnosti« koja je posve darovana.
Potrebu bića kao takvoga da bude u Prisutnosti pokušali smo riješiti »nadom« ukoliko je ona općenito shvaćena kao »passio«. Kao takva ona je svojstvo svega racionalno živućega, te stoga ona omogućava ljudskom biću da se održi u svom redu »bitka«. Ovo bivovanje duguje se Prisutnosti koja je u njega utkala tu veliku zakonitost opstanka u svojoj stvorenjskoj zadatosti.
Jedna druga razina našega bića jest da »bude više«. To znači da se u ljudskom biću intenzivnije aktivirala duševno-duhovna potreba. Ova potreba ljudskog bića očituje Prisutnost jednog jakog zova biću da se otvori svojim mogućnostima koje u sebi krije: zov na transcendenciju. Ovaj pomak u kvaliteti našega bića događa se razvojem krjeposnog sustava bića: ovdje je aktualan razvoj »nade-krjeposti«. Razvoj nade-krjeposti otvara ljudskom biću mogućnost stjecanja trajnih stavova koji ga utemeljuju u dobru koje je Bog. Iako ova razina još uvijek nije ona koja nam otkriva svu našu mogućnost, ona nas ipak jako približava našoj konačnoj mogućnosti koja će slijediti. U tom je smislu ova razina domet našega bića kao stvorene stvarnosti.
Konačna je mogućnost našega bića ona koju biće silno priželjkuje, ali njezino ostvarenje nije u našim mogućnostima: ona ga nadilazi. Dok su prvi i drugi oblik »biti u Prisutnosti« velikim dijelom djelo razvoja onoga pozitivnog pologa što ga biće snagom svoje stvorenjske stvarnosti nosi u sebi, ovaj oblik »biti u Prisutnosti« posve je darovan: on je teologalni i ostvaruje se snagom »nade-teologalne krjeposti«. Ovdje je riječ o »biti u Prisutnosti« na način kako ga Bog daje našem biću: sjedinjujući ga sa sobom u potpunosti, tako da naše biće sudjeluje u dubokoj komuniji Presvetog Trojstva. Riječ je o anticipaciji života vječnoga.
Našu smo studiju velikim dijelom temeljili na intenzivnijem pretraživanju i iščitavanju ljudskoga bića na temelju nauka svetog Ivana od Križa, poznatog učitelja ljudskih uspona.We are exploring the role of »hope« in realizing the deep, first of all human, and then Christian need to »live in the Presence.« We capitalize Presence to express more clearly that we are speaking about a reality different from man and everything created: and that reality is God. We have framed our exploration in such a way as to arrive at a complete answer relating to three levels of human being: first, its need to »be as a being« in the Presence; then the level of »being more,« that is, of opening up to the possibility of its transcendence and being in the Presence as such; finally, the need to be in »communional Presence« which is fully a gift.
We have tried to resolve the need of the being as such to be in the Presence through »hope« in so far as it is generally understood as a »passio.« As such it is a property of all that is rationally alive, and therefore it enables the human being to maintain itself in its order of »being.« This maintaining in being is owed to the Presence which wove into the human being this great rule of survival in its creational givenness. Another level of our being is »being more.« This means that the psychological--spiritual need has been more intensely activated in the human being. This need of the human being reveals the Presence of a strong call to that being to open itself up to its possibilities hidden within itself: the call to transcendence. This qualitative leap in our being takes place with the development of a moral system of being: we\u27re dealing here with the development of »hope-virtue.« The development of hope-virtue opens up the human being to the possibility of acquiring permanent attitudes which ground it in the good which is God. Even though this level is still not the one which manifests all our potentialities to us, it nevertheless brings us very close to our ultimate possibility which will follow after it. In that sense this level is the ultimate reach of our being as a created reality.
Our ultimate possibility is one we greatly desire, but whose realization is outside our capability, for it surpasses our being. While the first and second form of »being in the Presence« are for a large part an accomplishment of that positive deposit which the being by virtue of its creational reality carries within itself, this form of »being in the Presence« is fully a gift: it is theological and is realized through the force of »hope--theological virtue.« The issue here is »being in the Presence« in a way given by God to our being: by fully uniting our being to Himself, in such a way that it participates in the profound communion of the Most Holy Trinity. We\u27re dealing here with an anticipation of eternal life.
Our study is for a large part an intensive exploration and reading of the human being on the basis of the teaching of St. John of the Cross, a renowned teacher of human ascents
