Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb
Abstract
U radu je prikazan razvoj pilanarstva u Hrvatskoj od pojave prvih pilana na pogon vodom pa sve do kraja 20. stoljeća. Prikaz se temelji na fragmentima radova različitih autora s ovih prostora koji su se bavili tom tematikom. Podaci o prvim pilanama u Hrvatskoj na pogon vodom (venecijanskim jarmačama) datiraju od početka 15. stoljeća. Prve parne pilane na području Hrvatske podižu se početkom druge polovice 19. stoljeća. Glavninu investicijskih ulaganja pri njihovu otvaranju i vođenju imao je inozemni kapital. Kao osnovni pilanski stroj u parnim pilanama rabile su se gotovo isključivo pune vertikalne jarmače. Određen broj parnih pilana održao se gotovo do početka drugoga svjetskog rata. Nakon rata, pa sve do 1952. godine osposobljeni su gotovo svi oštećeni kapaciteti, a ponovno je izgrađena i većina uništenih. Od 1953. do 1960. godine, zbog sve veće potrebe za kvalitetnijim piljenicama za finalnu industriju, uz istodobni pad kvalitete pilanskih trupaca prošireni su, grupirani i djelomično modernizirani kapaciteti pilana. Od 1960. do Domovinskog rata 1990. godine rekonstruirane su gotovo sve pilane na načelima tadašnje suvremene tehnike i tehnologije te zbog potreba za sve većom finalizacijom građe. Rat je donio velika materijalna razaranja.
Prema nekim procjenama, oko 25 % proizvodnih kapaciteta drvne industrije potpuno je uništeno ili je pretrpjelo velika materijalna razaranja, a indirektne štete izazvane ratom i njegovim posljedicama nisu bile manje od toga. Kako bi se ispravilo to stanje, tijekom i nakon rata u novoj hrvatskoj državi počinje privatizacija i revitalizacija velikih drvnoindustrijskih poduzeća te zatvaranje starih i otvaranje novih pilanskih kapaciteta.This paper presents the development of sawmilling in Croatia from the time of the first water- driven sawmills until the end of the 20th century. This overview is based on resources from various authors from this country that have dealt with this theme. Data on the first water-driven sawmills in Croatia date back to the beginning of the 15th century. The first steam- driven sawmills in Croatia were built in the second half of the 19th century. Opening and managing these types of sawmills was mostly financed by foreign capital. The main machinery used in steam-driven sawmills was almost exclusively the vertical frame saw. A number of steam-driven sawmills were used
until the beginning of World War II. In the period after World War II until 1952, most damaged mills were renewed and almost all ruined mills were reconstructed. Due to increasing demands for sawn wood used as final products, with a simultaneous drop in sawmilling log quality, sawmill capacities were expanded, grouped and partially modernized in the period between 1953 and 1960. From 1960 until the Homeland War in 1990, most sawmills were reconstructed
according to modern techniques and technology of that time and in accordance with the demand for better finalization of sawn wood. The war brought material damages. According to some estimates, 25 % of wood industry production capacity was totally devastated or severely damaged and indirect damages caused by the war and its consequences were not smaller than that. During and after the war in the new Croatian state, in an attempt to fix the situation, privatization and revitalization of large wood industry enterprises began and old sawmills were closed and new sawmill capacities opened
