U uvjetima intenzivnog smještaja i držanja nesilica, izloženih pojačanim naporima kako bi zadovoljile ciljanu proizvodnost, u zraku peradnjaka nastaju znatne količine štetnih polutanata koji pod određenim uvjetima mogu djelovati na zdravlje peradi i ljudi koji rade u peradnjacima. Štetne tvari koje tu nastaju su korpuskularna i plinovita zračna onečišćenja, što smo istraživali u našem radu. Istraživanja su provedena u zimskom razdoblju tijekom četiri mjeseca proizvodnje, na farmi kapaciteta 12 855 nesilica hibrida Issa Brown. Nesilice su držane kavezno, 8-10 jedinki u kavezu. Uzorci su uzimani 15 puta tijekom dana. Zrak je uzorkovan pomoću uređaja Merck MAS-100, (Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Njemačka) na gotove podloge hranjivog i Sabouraud agara (Biolife, Milano, Italija). Mikroorganizmi porasli na podlogama (bakterije i plijesni) su nakon inkubacije izbrojani i većinski rodovi presađeni radi identifikacije. Prašina je uzorkovana pomoću SKC pumpe (SKC Ltd., Blandford Forum, UK) na filtere (Whatman International Ltd., Maidstone, UK). Temperatura (tz °C), relativna vlaga (rv %) i brzina strujanja zraka (w m/s) određivani su pomoću uređaja TESTO 400 (Testo Inc., Njemačka). Koncentracija amonijaka i ugljičnog dioksida određivana je pomoću uređaja Dräger – Multiwarn II (Dräger, Darmstadt, Njemačka). Dobivene vrijednosti mjerenih parametara obrađene su računalnim programom Statistica 6. Pritom je načinjena deskriptivna statistička analiza i utvrđena razina statističke značajnosti od 5 % - p<0,05 studentovim t testom. Koncentracija bakterija kretala se između 7.90 x 103cfu/m3 zraka i 1.23 x 104 cfu/m3 zraka, gljivica između 6.8 x 103 cfu/m3 zraka i 1.01x 104 cfu/m3 zraka i prašine između 1,60 i 2.80 mg/m3. Utvrđene prosječne vrijednosti amonijaka iznosile su između 4.12 i 7.11 ppm. Dominantne bakterije bile su iz rodova Staphylococcus, Streptococcus i Bacillus, a plijesni iz rodova Aspergilus, Penicillium i Fusarium.
Dobiveni rezultati mikroklime uglavnom su u skladu s preporučenim normativima, kao i koncentracije mikroorganizama i prašine.In conditions of intensive housing of laying hens, exposed to increased efforts to satisfy aimed production, arise in the air of the poultry house great amounts of harmful pollutants. These pollutants under certain conditions could affect poultry health and health of humans that work there. Harmful substances that arise are corpuscular and gas air pollutants, that we investigated in our research. Researches were carried in the winter period on a farm with capacity of 12 855 laying hens of Issa Brown hybride. Laying hens were kept in cages, 8-10 units per cage. Samples were taken 15 times, daily. The air was sampled by MERCK MAS-100 device, (MERCK KgaA, Darmstadt, Deutschland) on ready nutrient and Sabouraud agar (Biolife, Milan, Italy). Microorganisms that grew on these media (bacteria nad fungi) were after incubation counted and the most common genuses were reinoculated for the purpose of identification. Dust was sampled by SKC pump SKC pumpe
(SKC Ltd., Blandford Forum, UK) on filters (Whatman International Ltd., Maidstone, UK). Temperature (tz °C), relative humidity (rv %) and air velocity (w m/s) were determined by TESTO 400 device (Testo Inc., Deutschland). Concentration of ammonia and carbon dioxide were determined by Dräger – Multiwarn II device (Dräger, Darmstadt, Deutschland). Obtained values of measured parameters were proccessed by Microsoft Excel and Statistica 6 programs. A descriptive statistical analysis was done and the level of statistical significance set at 5 % -p<0.05 by student t test. Concentration of bacteria was between 7.90 x 103 and 1.23 x 104 cfu/m3, fungi between 6.80 x 103 and 1.01 x 104 cfu/m3 and dust between 1.60 and 2.80 mg/m3. Determined average values of ammonia were between 4.12 and 7.11 ppm. Dominant bacteria were from genuses Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Bacillus, and fungi were from genuses Aspergilus, Penicillium and Fusarium.
Obtained results of microclimate parameters were mainly consistent with recommended norms, as well as concentracions of microorganisms and dust
