A Case of Venereal Syphilis in the Modern Age Horizon of Graves near the Church of St. Lawrence in Crkvari

Abstract

U radu je analiziran kostur žene stare između 41 i 45 godina iz groba 40 s groblja uokolo crkve Sv. Lovre u Crkvarima kraj Orahovice. Kostur se datira u novovjekovni sloj ukapanja, s tim da datiranje radioaktivnim ugljikom daje granice između 1478. i 1636. godine. Na kosturu su prisutne patološke promjene koje su karakteristične za prisutnost veneričnog sifilisa. Radi se o jakim, aktivnim i generaliziranim upalnim procesima koji su zahvatili gotovo čitav kostur, a posebno jako su izraženi na kostima potkoljenice. Diferencijalna dijagnoza isključila je mogućnost da su uzročnici ovih promjena lepra, tuberkuloza, neke vrste osteomijelitisa i dvije druge vrste treponematoza (bejel i frambezija). Povijesni podaci o pojavi sifilisa u Slavoniji tijekom turske vladavine u ovom trenutku još nisu otkriveni. S obzirom na neposrednu blizinu Mađarske te na pretpostavku da su sifilis u Mađarsku donijeli španjolski vojnici tijekom 16. i 17. st., postoji mogućnost da je venerični sifilis kojim je zaražena žena iz Crkvara došao odatle. Pretpostavka da su sifilis u Europu prenijeli Kolumbo i njegova posada s prvog putovanja iz Amerike morat će se ponovo kritički razmotriti s obzirom na to da je danas poznat velik broj dobro dokumentiranih pretkolumbovskih slučajeva sifilisa u Europi. Na kraju, naglašava se potreba za dodatnim istraživanjima u arhivima i na koštanom materijalu kako bi se identificirali izvori i pravci širenja sifilisa i drugih zaraznih bolesti na tlu Hrvatske.This work presents an analysis of the skeleton of a woman between 41 and 45 years of age from grave 40 of the cemetery around the church of St. Lawrence in Crkvari near Orahovica. The skeleton is dated to the Modern Age layer of burials and radiocarbon dating gives limits between 1478 and 1636. The skeleton contains pathological modifications characteristic for the presence of venereal syphilis. These consist of strong, active and generalized inflammatory processes that affected almost the entire skeleton and which are particularly prominent on the lower leg bones. A differential diagnosis excluded the possibility that the agents of these modifications are leprosy, tuberculosis, certain types of osteomyelitis and two other types of treponematoses (bejel and frambesia). The historical data on the emergence of syphilis in Slavonia during the Turkish rule have not been discovered yet. Taking into consideration the immediate vicinity of Hungary, and the assumption that syphilis was brought to Hungary by Spanish soldiers during the 16th and 17th centuries, it is possible that this is where the venereal syphilis that infected the woman from Crkvari came from. The assumption that syphilis was brought to Europe by Columbus and his crew from their first voyage from America will have to be critically reassessed, considering that today many well documented cases of syphilis in Europe before Columbus are known. Finally, the need is stressed for additional research in the archives and on the bone material in order to identify the sources and directions of the spread of syphilis and other infectious diseases in the territory of Croatia

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