We report new floristic records of some rare Orobanche and Phelipanche species (Orobanchaceae) in Croatia. Orobanche salviae and O. alsatica are reported for the first time in 100 years, and O. laserpitii-sileris, and P. lavandulacea are rare species with only few localities known

Božo Frajman

Peter Schönswetter

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Acta Bot. Croat. 67 (1), 103–107, 2008 CODEN:ABCRA25Short communication ISSN 0365–0588Notes on some rare Orobanche and Phelipanchespecies (Orobanchaceae) in CroatiaBO@O FRAJMAN1*, PETER SCHÖNSWETTER21 Biology Department, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ve~na pot 111,SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia2 Department of Biogeography and Botanical Garden, Faculty Centre Botany, Universityof Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, AustriaWe report new floristic records of some rare Orobanche and Phelipanche species (Oro-banchaceae) in Croatia. Orobanche salviae and O. alsatica are reported for the first timein 100 years, and O. laserpitii-sileris, and P. lavandulacea are rare species with only fewlocalities known.Key words: Orobanche, Phelipanche, flora, Mljet, Pag, Plitvice, CroatiaIntroductionOrobanche s. str. and Phelipanche (Orobanchaceae; syn. Orobanche sect. Trionychon;in this communication the generic concept of HOLUB (1972, 1990) and TERYOKHIN et al.(1993), based on profound caryological and morphological characters, recently substantia-ted by molecular and cytological data (SCHNEEWEISS et al. 2004a, b, CARLÓN et al. 2005,WEISS-SCHNEEWEISS et al. 2006) is followed) are regarded by most field botanists as diffi-cult genera. In consequence, distribution data are often fragmentary and may be unreliable.The pronounced morphological variability, often linked to different host plants, is the prin-cipal cause for the difficult determination (KREUTZ 1995). Additionally, the flowering pe-riod is short, which strongly limits the number of field records. Moreover, the determina-tion key in the Croatian excursion flora (DOMAC 1994) does not include all the taxagrowing in Croatia, making determination difficult.The number of Orobanche species listed for Croatia varies. HIRC (1910) listed 20,DOMAC (1994) 15, and HR[AK (2000) 30 species. Later on, O. bartlingii (sub O. alsaticas. l.) was found in Croatia (ALEGRO 2004).The distributional data of many taxa are scarce and for some rare species only a few lo-calities are known. Many data are more than 100 years old and have not been taken intoconsideration in the recent Croatian floristic literature (DOMAC 1994, HR[AK 2000). Fromthe findings listed below, it is clear that the distribution data ofOrobanche andPhelipanchespecies in Croatia are fairly incomplete andmore attention should be given to season-speci-ACTA BOT. CROAT. 67 (1), 2008 103* Corresponding author, e-mail: bozo.frajman@bf.uni-lj.siU:\ACTA BOTANICA\Acta-Botan 1-08\11 Frajman.vp3. travanj 2008 14:09:14Color profile: DisabledComposite  150 lpi at 45 degreesfic mapping. The optimal time for the taxa growing along the Adriatic Sea is April/May,whereas e.g. O. salviae and O. laserpitii-sileris flower during early summer.Results and discussionIn the following, we present new localities for some rare Orobanche and Phelipanchespecies found during trips to the islands Mljet and Pag as well as to Plitvi~ka jezera in 2006and 2007. As the main source of distribution data we used the Flora Croatica Database(NIKOLI] 2007) as well as the monograph by BECK-MANNAGETTA (1930) and the referencescited therein. Additionally, the herbarium ZAwas checked for the four species reported inthis article, but no specimens were found.Orobanche salviae Schultz ex KochThis species mostly parasitises Salvia glutinosa, and is distributed in the Alps and theirfoothills from France to Hungary as well as in the Balkans (KREUTZ1995). It usually growsin shady places in deciduous or mixed forests, and is easily recognised by its host and thelate flowering time compared to other species (July to September; KREUTZ 1995).Even if neither DOMAC (1994) nor HR[AK (2000) list it for Croatia, it was reported for^i~arija (Istria) by POSPICHAL (1899) and by Ginzberger (in BECK-MANNAGETTA 1930) forMt Plje{evica near Plitvice, but BECK-MANNAGETTA (1930) doubts this record. HIRC (1910)doubts the records from the area of Senj, where no Salvia glutinosa grows. KREUTZ (1995)lists Orobanche salviae for Croatia, but with no exact data.We have found it at two localities in the Plitvi~ka jezera area:1) SE of Repu{nica (S of Kapela Koreni~ka), NE of [tetina draga, beech-forest (onSalvia glutinosa), 710 m. 15°40’40’’E, 44°47’20’’N. 14.7.2006, B. Frajman and P.Schönswetter, 11481 (WU); included in Flora Croatica Database (NIKOLI] 2007), butattributed to »several authors«.2) 150 m N of village Mukinje, beech-forest (on Salvia glutinosa).15°37’48’’E, 44°52’58’’N. 16.7.2006, B. Frajman and P. Schönswetter, 11488 (WU).The above localities suggest that the nearby locality Plje{evica given by Ginzberger isreliable.Orobanche laserpitii-sileris Reut. ex Jord.This broomrape parasites on Laserpitium siler, more rarely also on L. latifolium and L.halleri (all Apiaceae, the latter not present in the Croatian flora; KREUTZ 1995). Its maindistribution range comprises the Alps and the Balkan Peninsula, with some localities in thePyrenees (KREUTZ 1995). BECK-MANNAGETTA (1930) lists two localities for Croatia, basedon the revision of herbarium specimens: Klek near Ogulin (leg. Lengyel) and Kapela nearPlitvi~ka (Kozjak) jezera (leg. Rossi). Later, it was reported by BAR^I] (1974) for the isla-nd of Badije. Since neither BAR^I] (1974) nor TRINAJSTI] (1985) list any Laserpitium forthe whole Kor~ula archipelago and O. laserpitii-sileris grows only at montane altitudes(KREUTZ 1995), we follow TRINAJSTI]’s (1985) doubts regarding this record. The only ot-her published locality of O. laserpitii-sileris that we are aware of is in the area of Strahin-104 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 67 (1), 2008FRAJMAN B., SCHÖNSWETTER P.U:\ACTA BOTANICA\Acta-Botan 1-08\11 Frajman.vp3. travanj 2008 14:09:14Color profile: DisabledComposite  150 lpi at 45 degrees{~ica in Hrvatsko Zagorje (REGULA-BEVILACQUA 1991). Also we have encountered O. la-serpitii-sileris in the same area where it was collected by Rossi.It was found in Plitvi~ka jezera National Park, along the path from the lake Kozjak tothe lake Okrugljak, N of the lakes, on stabilised limestone screes (on Laserpitium siler).15°37’48’’E 44°52’58’’N. 16.7.2006, B. Frajman & P. Schönswetter, 11489 (WU).Orobanche alsatica Kirschl.This species (in the broad sense, see below) is parasitic on Apiaceae, mainly on Peuce-danum cervaria and P. alsaticum. It is distributed from eastern France through central Eu-rope to China and grows mostly in warm, (semi)arid grasslands, along forest margins andon open rocky places (KREUTZ 1995). POSPICHAL (1899) reported it for Volovica near Pazin,but this find was overlooked by both DOMAC (1994) and HR[AK (2000). After more than acentury ALEGRO (2004) was the first to report exact localities from Paklenica. As his plantwas parasitic on Seseli libanotis, it is most probably the closely related O. bartlingii Grise-bach, which occurs in that area (herbarium vouchers G. M. Schneeweiss, P. Schönswetterand A. Tribsch 6240, 6250, 6253, 6266, 6295 stored inWU).While some authors regardO.bartlingii as conspecific with O. alsatica (O. alsatica var. libanotidis (Rupr.) Beck),KREUTZ (1995) treats it as an independent species, differing from O. alsatica in its smallerflowers (smaller than 20 mm), insertion of the stamina (1–3 mm above the base of the co-rolla-tube in O. bartlingii and more than 4 mm in O. alsatica), and stigma hairiness (glab-rous in O. bartlingii and glandular-pubescent in O. alsatica).Consequently, our report of O. alsatica s. str. from the island of Pag is the second forCroatia: in the village of Bo{ana NE of the town of Pag, on the roadside (on Peucedanumcervaria). 30 m. 15°1’40’’E, 44°27’30’’N. 30.4.2007, B. Frajman and P. Schönswetter,12066 (WU).Phelipanche lavandulacea (Rchb). Pomel (Orobanche lavandulacea Rchb.)Among the SE European species of Phelipanche, P. lavandulacea is easily recognisedby the strongly branched stems and the dark blackish-purple flowers. It is parasitic on Pso-ralea bituminosa L., and the distribution ranges from the eastern Iberian Peninsula to west-ern Asia (FOLEY 2001).For Croatia it was first reported by VISIANI (1847) for »Primorje et Ragusa«, where itwas growing on Vicia faba, which makes this report somewhat unreliable since the onlyconfirmed host plant is Psoralea bituminosa (G. M. Schneeweiss, personal communica-tion). Later it was reported by STUDNICZKA (1890) for the island of Hvar (in the surroundin-gs of the town of Hvar). BECK-MANNAGETTA (1930) in his Orobanchaceae monography lis-ts several additional localities from which he has seen herbarium specimens: Kor~ulaisland, Pelje{ac Peninsula near Orebi}, Nere`i{}e on the island of Bra~, and near Bukovica.However, DOMAC (1994) does not list it for Croatia.The species appears to be at least locally common on the island of Mljet:1) along the road E of the village Babino polje (on Psoralea bituminosa). 17°35’6’’E,42°43’53’’N. 28.4.2006, B. Frajman and P. Schönswetter, 11555 (WU).2) in Pelje{ac Peninsula, Monte Vipera. 3.4.2003, leg. S. Kova~i}, det. G. M.Schneeweiss (WU, Schönswetter and Tribsch 8781).ACTA BOT. CROAT. 67 (1), 2008 105OROBANCHE AND PHELIPANCHE IN CROATIAU:\ACTA BOTANICA\Acta-Botan 1-08\11 Frajman.vp3. travanj 2008 14:09:14Color profile: DisabledComposite  150 lpi at 45 degreesAmong the more common Orobanche species with several localities listed by the FloraCroatica Database we report the following:Orobanche sanguinea C. Presl. Mljet island (Croatia), cape Blaca E of Saplunara, sandybeach (on Lotus cytisoides). 3 m, 17°44’16’’E, 42°41’21’’N. 25.4.2006, B. Frajman and P.Schönswetter, 11507 (WU).Orobanche picridis F. W. Schultz. Mljet island (Croatia), along the road between Blatovillage and the village of Kozarica above the pond. 17°28’5’’E, 42°45’58’’N. 28.4.2006, B.Frajman and P. Schönswetter, 11545 (WU).Orobanche minor Sm. Mljet island (Croatia), along the road E of the village of Babinopolje (on Psoralea bituminosa). 17°35’6’’E, 42°43’53’’N. 28.4.2006, B. Frajman and P.Schönswetter, 11554 (WU).Orobanche minor Sm. Pag island (Croatia), village of Bo{ana NE of the town of Pag, onthe roadside (on Artemisia alba, Helichrysum italicum, maybe Salvia officinalis). 30 m.15°1’40’’E, 44°27’30’’N. 30.4.2007, B. Frajman and P. Schönswetter, 12071 (WU).AcknowledgementsWe thank Gerald M. Schneeweiss (Vienna) for confirming our determinations, com-ments on previous versions of the manuscript and for hints to relevant literature, to AntunAlegro as well as Ivana Re{etnik (Zagreb) for checkingOrobanche specimens in the herba-rium ZA, and to Sanja Kova~i} for collecting Phelipanche lavandulacea.ReferencesALEGRO, A.L., 2004: Flora of National Park Paklenica (in Croatian). Pakleni~ki zbornik 2,35–54.BAR^I], B., 1974: Flora of the Island Badija (in Croatian). Acta Bot. 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Notes on some rare Orobanche and Phelipanche species (Orobanchaceae) in Croatia

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