Spolno prenosive bolesti (SPB) zarazne su
bolesti koje se prenose bilo kojim oblikom spolnog kontakta.
Globalni su javnozdravstveni problem zbog epidemijske
proširenosti, mnogobrojnih komplikacija i golemih troškova
koje zdravstveni sustav i pojedinci izdvajaju za njihovo
liječenje. Prema podacima Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije
godišnje se u svijetu registrira oko 250 milijuna novih
slučajeva SPB-a od čega oko 7 milijuna novoinficiranih osoba
virusom humane imunodeficijencije, oko 50 milijuna novoinficiranih
osoba Chlamydiom trachomatis te oko 2,5 milijuna
novoregistriranih infekcija virusom B hepatitisa. Najvažnije
komplikacije SPB-a su povećana učestalost karcinoma
cerviksa, tubarne neplodnosti, urinarnih infekcija i njihovih
komplikacija, muške neplodnosti zbog oštećenja spermatogeneze
i povećana učestalost kasnih spontanih pobačaja i
prijevremenih porođja. Prevencija i kontrola spolno prenosivih
infekcija temelji se na edukaciji mladih prije stupanja u
spolne odnose te na početku njihova spolnog života, detekciji
inficiranih asimptomatskih osoba, efikasnoj dijagnostici i
terapiji inficiranih simptomatskih osoba, pronalaženju i
liječenju svih spolnih partnera inficiranih osoba i imunizaciji
vakcinacijom.Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are
infectious diseases transmitted by any kind of sexual contact.
They are a global public health problem, due to epidemiological
distribution, manifold complications and enormous costs
required from the health system and individuals for their treatment.
According to the WHO data, in the world is annually registered
about 250 million of new STD cases, out of which 7 million
are persons newly infected with human immunodeficiency
virus, about 50 million infected with Chlamydia trachomatis,
and about 2.5 million of newly registered virus B hepatitis infections.
The most important complications of sexually transmitted
diseases are: the increased occurencee of cervical carcinoma,
tubal infertility, greater incidence of urinary infections
and their complications, increased frequency of male infertility
due to damaged spermatogenesis, as well as higher frequency
of late spontaneous abortions and premature births. Prevention
and control of sexually transmitted infections is based on
education of the young before entering sexual intercourses and
at the beginning of their sexual life, on detection of infected
asymptomatic persons, efficacious diagnostics and therapy of
infected symptomatic persons, as well as on identifying and
treating of all sexual partners of infected patients and immunization
by vaccination
