Prikazana je dijagnostika spolno prenosivih
bolesti. Tradicionalni pristup dijagnostici C. trachomatis bazira
se na staničnoj kulturi, što je tehnički vrlo zahtjevan postupak.
Prednost testova baziranih na detekciji antigena i nukleinskih
kiselina je u brzini (DFA, EIA, PACE 2) i u mogućnosti
obrade velikog broja uzoraka (EIA, PACE 2). Metode bazirane
na amplifikaciji nukleinskih kiselina (PCR, LCR) imaju iznimno
visoku specifičnost i osjetljivost. U. urealyticum i M. hominis
dobro rastu na posebno obogaćenim umjetnim hranjivim podlogama.
Kultivacija M. genitalium traje 1-2 mjeseca te se za
njezin dokaz rabe PCR-testovi. T. vaginalis se u sekretima iz
genitalnog trakta dijagnosticira mikroskopiranjem nativnog
preparata ili kulturom na različitim obogaćenim podlogama.
Za dijagnostiku N. gonorrhoeae važan je mikroskopski pregled
uzorka odmah nakon uzimanja. Uzorak se boji po Gramu ili
metilenskim plavilom. Podloge za uzgoj N. gonorrhoeae
sadržavaju bogatu hranjivu bazu s dodatkom krvi. Selektivne
podloge sadržavaju i antibiotike koji omogućuju izolaciju
gonokoka iz visokokontaminiranih uzoraka. Za dijagnostiku N.
gonorrhoeae postoje komercijalni amplifikacijski testovi (PCR,
LCR). Od molekularnih metoda DNA hibridizacijske metode
(PACE 2, Digene Hybrid Capture II) osim odvojenih testova
nude i paralelnu dijagnostiku N. gonorrhoeae i C. trachomatis.
Za detekciju HPV-a najčešće se rabe molekularne metode
bazirane na hibridizaciji nukleinskih kiselina (HCII) i lančane
reakcije polimerazom (PCR). Testom je obuhvaćeno 13
genotipova visokog rizika i 5 genotipova niskog rizika.The article presents the diagnostics of sexually
transmitted diseases. Traditional approach to the diagnostics
of C. trachomatis is based on cell culture, what is
technically a very demanding procedure. The advantage of
tests founded on the antigen and nuclein acids detection is in
their speed (DFA, EIA, PACE 2) and in the possibility of the
analysis of large samples (EIA, PACE 2). Methods based on
the nuclein acids amplification (PCR, LCR) have extremely high
specificity and sensitivity. U. urealyticum and M. hominis grow
well on separately artificial nutritive substrates. The cultivation
of M. genitalium lasts 1-2 months, and is proved by PCR
tests. T. vaginalis is diagnosed in genital tract secretions by
microscopy of a native preparation or culture on various
enriched substrates. For the diagnostics of N. gonorrhoeae,
microscopy of the sample immediately after taking is of great
importance. The sample is colored by Gram or with methylene
blue. The substrates for the N. gonorrhoeae cultivation contain
rich nutritive basis with addition of blood. Selective substrates
also contain antibiotics enabling isolation of gonococcus from
highly contaminated samples. For the diagnosis of N. gonorrhoeae
commercial amplification tests (PCR, LCR) can be used.
Out of molecular methods, DNA hybridization methods (PACE
2m Digene Hybrid Capture II), besides separated tests, offer
parallel diagnostics of N. gonnorrhoeae and C. trachomatis as
well. For the detection of HPV, molecular methods are mostly
used, based on the nuclein acid hybridization (HCII) and
polymerase chain reactions (PCR). The test encompasses 13
high risk and 5 low risk genotypes
