EM Hansen

KM Hansen

English

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The t(1/29) chromosome translocation
in Danish Blonde d’Aquitaine cattle
KM Hansen, EM Hansen
University of Copenhagen, Institute of Medical Anatomy, Department B,
The Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, DK 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
(Proceedings of the 9th European Colloquium on Cytogenetics of Domestic Animals;
Toulouse-Auzeville, 10-13 July 1990)
chromosomes / t(1/29! / population-cytogenetics / cattle
INTRODUCTION
The bovine population is an excellent material for genetic and biological studies,
although it is very often difficult to have access to the material. The very intensive
breeding programs in the last two decades have improved the production of milk
and beef. Concurrent with this improvement and international exchange of bovine
genetic material, the frequency of hereditary diseases has increased. The t(1/29)
chromosome translocation was diagnosed in the Danish Blonde d’Aquitaine cattle
(BA(a) by Hansen (1989), and Nielsen and Kristensen (1989). The present paper
describes a cytogenetic investigation of most of the Danish BAQ population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
BAQ animals imported with certificates and their purebred offspring in 13 herds,
several bred by the embryo transplantation technique, were examined cytogenet-
ically, and many clinically too. Some crossbred calves were examined outside the
program. All females and bulls examined belong to the farmers who take part in
this research program. We were not allowed to examine the BAQ AI bulls. Blood
samples were drawn into Venoject 10 ml vacutainers from the jugular or the tail
and stabilized with sodium heparin. The lymphocytes were cultivated for 72 h, ac-
cording to the method described by Hansen (1972). Analyses of the chromosome
modal number were carried out on conventional Giemsa-stained slides. The QFQ,
GTG and RBA methods as described previously by Hansen (1977) were used for
identification as soon as minor deviations of the pro- or metaphase plates were
observed. Chromosomes were numbered according to the 1976 Reading Conference
(1980) (fig 1).
RESULTS
The centric fusion translocation t(1/29) was diagnosed in purebred as well as in
crossbred animals, and in several generations. Both sexes were affected. Because
of the difference in the numbers of females and bulls in the herds, more female
than male carriers were diagnosed. The total number of BAQ animals examined
in February 1990 was 228 (see table I). Of these, 114 females (50.0%) and 31
males (14.0%) were free of the t(1/29) translocation. 54 females (23.7%) and 23
males (10.0%) were heterozygous and two females were homozygous (0.9%) for the
translocation. Furthermore, one pair of chimeric female/male twins without t(1/29)
(0.4%), and one cytogenetically normal calf (0.4%), twin to a dead t(1/29) carrier
bull calf, were diagnosed. A possible new chromosome translocation was identified
in one animal (0.4%). Of 12 private bulls (sires) examined, 4 were heterozygous, see
table II. The chromosome status of two AI sires born in France was deduced from
offspring analysis: Ukrainien (herdbook no 68001) was heterozygous and Agenais
(herdbook no 68005) was in all probability homozygous. All animals affected by
t(1/29) were clinically and phenotypically normal.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Hereditary-negative traits may be watched over more carefully, not only by the
cattle breeding societies, but also by specialized state laboratories, which may
use the material for research purposes. In the last decade, Denmark has imported
the RVC syndrome to the Jersey breed (Hansen, 1985), and the Weaver and the
recumbent calf syndrome to the Red Danish Milkbreed (Hansen, 1984, 1988). The
t(1/29) chromosome translocation in the Danish BAQ was imported from France
by BAQ individuals. As the BAQ sires have been used for beef production, this
translocation may also occur in Danish crossbreeds in the future. Darr6 et al (1972)
found about 20% of the French BAQ AI sires affected by t(1/29). This frequency
is difficult to compare with the frequency of the Danish material, but 33.3% of
the Danish private BAQ sires were heterozygous. Of two AI sires diagnosed by
the chromosome status of their offspring, one was heterozygous and the other
was homozygous for the translocation. Cribiu and Popescu (1980) observed a
frequency of 24.7% in the French BAQ population, which is very similar to that of
the Danish BAQ females, 24.6%. The first description of the t(1/29) in French
BAQ was given by Darr6 et al (1972). Later, Darr6 et al (1974) described a
possible t(7/20) translocation, which was recently identified as a (9/23) by Cribiu
et al (1989). Berland et al (1988) described a t(21/27) translocation. Bru6re and
Chapman (1973) described the t(1/29) translocation in BAQ in New Zealand. It
may be concluded that the t(1/29) chromosome translocation is as frequent in the
Danish BAQ breed as in the French BAQ population. However, this translocation
is not a major problem in Denmark today because the Danish BAQ farmers, who
collaborate with our laboratory, systematically eradicate the t(1/29) translocation
from their herds.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors thank the Danish BAQ farmers, who have placed the herds and all information
and biological registrations at our disposal. The work was supported by the Danish
Agricultural and Veterinary Research Council, grant no. 13-4074/89.
REFERENCES
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Cribiu EP, Matejka M, Darr6 R, Durand V, Berland HM, Bouvet A (1989) Identification
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The t(1/29) chromosome translocation  in Danish Blonde d'Aquitaine cattle

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The t(1/29) chromosome translocation in Danish Blonde d'Aquitaine cattle

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