Vegetation pot experiments with spring oats, cultivar Obrazcov Chifl ik – 4, were carried out. The plants were grown on four different soil types, typical for Bulgaria: Haplustoll, Udolls, Ustifl uvents, Albaqualf /USA. The soils were contaminated with the Cs-134.
It was concluded that the radio-caesium accumulates unevenly in the different plant organs, as its highest concentration was found in the leaves and lowest in the grains of the researched culture. Substantial differences were discovered in the accumulation of caesium –134 in the plants, depending on the soil differences. According to the accumulation of the radio-caesium in the plants, the different soils can be arranged as follows: Albaqualf > Vdolls >Ustifl uvents > Haplustoll.Проведени бяха съдови опити с пролетен сорт овес Образцов Чифлик-4. Растенията бяха отгледани върху орницата на четири почвени различия, харакрерни за България и контаминирани с радионуклида цезий- 134. Експериментите бяха проведени върху почви, различаващи се по механичен и физикохимичен състав:
Haplustoll, Udolls, Ustifl uvents, Albaqualf / USA. Констатирано бе, че радиоцезия се натрупва неравномерно в различните органи на растенията, като най-висока концентрация бе установена в листата, а най-ниска в зърната на изследваната култура.
Установени бяха съществени различия в усвояването и натрупването на цезий-134 в растенията в зависимост от почвенoтo различиe. Според акумулацията на радиоцезия от растенията, изследваните почви могат да се подредят в следния ред : канелено подзолиста > сива горска почва > алувиално.ливадна > излужен чернозе

D. STANEVA

I. YORDANOVA

TZ. BINEVA

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ORIGINAL PAPER91Volume 6 (2005) No. 1 (91-94)ACCUMULATION OF CS-134 IN THE OAT DEPENDING ON SOIL CHARACTERISTICSУСВОЯВАНЕ НА CS-134 В ОВЕС В ЗАВИСИМОСТ ОТ ПОЧВЕНИТЕ  ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИBINEVA, TZ. , STANEVA, D., YORDANOVA, I.Institute for Cryobiology and Food Technology, Laboratory of Radioecology and Radioisotope Research 7, Shousse Bankya Str, 1080 SOFIA, BULGARIA, e-mail: cbineva@mail.bg; donastaneva@abv.bgManuscript received: December 19, 2004; Reviewed: February 24, 2005; Accepted for publication: March 12, 2005ABSTRACTVegetation pot experiments with spring oats, cultivar Obrazcov Chifl ik – 4, were carried out.  The plants were grown on four different soil types, typical for Bulgaria: Haplustoll, Udolls, Ustifl uvents, Albaqualf /USA. The soils were contaminated with the Cs-134.  It was concluded that the radio-caesium accumulates unevenly in the different plant organs, as its highest concentration was found in the leaves and lowest in the grains of the researched culture.Substantial differences were discovered in the accumulation of caesium –134 in the plants, depending on the soil differences. According to the accumulation of the radio-caesium in the plants, the different soils can be arranged as follows: Albaqualf >Vdolls >Ustifl uvents > Haplustoll.KEYWORDS: Cs-134, plants, soil, factor of transferРЕЗЮМЕПроведени бяха съдови опити с пролетен сорт овес  Образцов Чифлик-4. Растенията бяха отгледани върху орницата на четири почвени различия, харакрерни за България  и контаминирани с радионуклида цезий-134. Експериментите бяха проведени върху почви, различаващи се по механичен и физикохимичен състав: Haplustoll, Udolls, Ustifl uvents, Albaqualf / USA.Констатирано бе, че радиоцезия се натрупва неравномерно в различните органи на растенията, като най-висока концентрация бе установена в листата, а най-ниска в зърната на изследваната култура.Установени бяха съществени различия в усвояването и натрупването на цезий-134 в растенията в зависимост от почвенoтo различиe. Според акумулацията  на радиоцезия от растенията, изследваните почви могат да се подредят в следния ред : канелено подзолиста > сива горска почва > алувиално.ливадна > излужен черноземКЛЮЧОВИ ДУМИ: Cs -134, растения, почва, трансферен фактор92 Journal of Central European Agriculture Vol 6 (2005) No 1BINEVA, TZ. , STANEVA, D., YORDANOVA, I.РАЗШИРЕНО РЕЗЮМЕИзучаването на особеностите в поведението и миграцията  на радионуклидите в системата почва-растение е необходимо за прогнозиране на натрупването им в растенията, животните и човека, а също за разработване на мероприятия, намаляващи радиационната опастност.Проведени бяха съдови опити с пролетен сорт овес Образцов Чифлик-4.Растенията бяха отгледани върху орницата на 4 представителни за България почвени различия: Haplustoll, Udolls, Ustifl uvents, Albaqualf / USA. Експериментите бяха заложени във вегетационни съдове с вместимост 5 кg. почва при контролирани условия. Почвата бе контаминирана с воден разтвор на цезий-134 с активност 0,56 kBq.g-1 почва. Опитът бе проведен в 4 повторения. Растенията  бяха отгледани до фаза пълна зрялост. На въздушно сухата растителна маса / листа, стъбла и зърна / бе извършено гама-спектрометриране.За оценка на преминаването на радионуклида в различните органи на растенията бе използван показателя “ трансферен фактор “, изразяващ отношението на активностите в 1g въздушно суха растителна маса и 1g почва.От получените резултати могат да се направят следните изводи: - Съществуват различия в усвояването и натрупването на цезий-134 в растенията в зависимост от почвенoтo различиe. - Според акумулацията  на радиоцезия от растенията, изследваните почви могат да се подредят в следния ред : канелено подзолиста > сива горска почва > алувиално.ливадна > излужен чернозем - Цезий-134 се натрупва неравномерно в различните органи на растенията, като най-висока концентрация бе установена в листата, а най-ниска в зърната на изследваната култура.INTRODUCTIONThe investigation of  peculiarities in behavior and migration of radionuclides in the system soil – plant is necessary in order to prognosticate their accumulation in plants, animals and man. It is also needed in the process of developing enterprises decreasing the danger of radioactivity. The movement and migration abilities of radionuclides in the soil depend on the intensity of binding and the absorption mechanisms which is defi ned by their chemical properties, physical and chemical composition of the soil, the characteristics of the type and sort of the plants  [3,4,5,6].The purpose of this investigation was to study the infl uence of different soil types over the entering of radionuclide Cs – 134 from different types of contaminated soils in the plants of oats as well as its accumulation and distribution in the epigeous organs.MATERIAL AND METHODS     Vegetation pot experiments with spring oats, variety Obrazcov Chifl ik – 4, were carried out. The plants were grown on four different soil types, typical for Bulgaria: Haplustoll, Udolls, Ustifl uvents, Albaqualf/USA. The agrochemical characteristics of the examined  soils are presented in table 1.The experiments were set in vegetation vessels with capacity of 5 kg of soil under controlled conditions. The soil was contaminated with water solution of Cs – 134 with activity 0,56 kBq.g-1 soil. The experiment was carried out four times. Fifteen normally developed plants were placed in each vessel. The plants were grown till the state of full ripeness. The air – dried plant material /leaves, stems, grains/ was analyzed by a multi-channel analyzer CANBERRA with a HPGe detector. The miscount did not exceed 5 %. For the estimation of the transition of radionuclide into the different plant organs was used the index “transition factor”. It represents the ratio of the activities in 1g of air – dried plant material and 1g of soil.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONFigure1 represents the data about the stage of radioactive pollution with Cs – 134 in the different organs of oats depending on the type of the soil. It is apparent that at all experimental versions it is found a relatively high level of accumulation of radionuclide in the  vegetative organs of the plants – leaves and stems. The contents of Cs-134 in the leaves is 2 to 2,5 times higher than in the corn . The lowest accumulation was registered in the corn (Tf = 0,02).The infl uence of soil type over the level of extraction of nuclide and accumulation in the plants appears most distinctly at the experimental versions grown in Albaqualf. At all experimental versions was found 5 to 6 times more intensive accumulation of radio-caesium in comparison with this grown in Haplustoll. The highest accumulation of radionuclide was found in the leaves, lower – in the stems and the lowest – in the grains of the plants. The differences in content of radio–caesium in leaves and grains fl uctuate from 100% to 177%. The results obtained are in correspondence with the ACCUMULATION OF CS-134 IN THE OAT DEPENDING ON SOIL CHARACTERISTICS93J. Cent. Eur. Agric. (2005) 6:1, 91-94Table 1: Agrochemical characteristics of the examined soilsТаблица 1: Агрохимически характеристики на изследваните почвиSoil types pHKClHumus%Ca + Mgmeq/100gCameq/100gK2Omg/100gΣ<0.01mmUstifl uvents 5,1 2,4 8,3 7,4 23,2 22,9Udolls 3,8 1,5 14,0 12,8 20,0 43,0Haplustoll 5,2 3,5 24,9 24,0 28,2 56,6Albagualf 3,8 1,7 9,3 20,0 24,2GrainsStemsLeaves00,050,10,150,20,25TfHaplustoll UstifluventsUdollsAlbaqualfFig 1: Accumulation of Cs-134 in different organs of oats depending on the type of the soils. Фиг.1: Усвояване на Cs - 134 в различни органи на овес  в зависимост от почвения     типy = -0,062x + 0,275R2 = 0,898100,050,10,150,20,253,8 3,82 5,1 5,2 pHTfFig. 2:  Accumulation of Cs - 134 in plants of oats depending on the рH of the soil Фиг. 2: Усвояване на Cs - 134 от овес в зависимост от pH на почватаy = -0,062x + 0,275R2 = 0,898100,050,10,150,20,257,19 20 23,2 28,19 K2�TfFig. 3: Accumulation of Cs-134 in plants of oats depending on concentration of К2О in the soil.Фиг. 3: Усвояване на Cs-134 от овес в зависимост от съдържанието К2О в почватаy  = -0,062x + 0,275R2 = 0,898100,050,10,150,20,251,46 1,66 2,43 3,55 H umus %T FFig. 4: Accumulation of Cs - 134 in plants of oats depending on the content of humus in the soil  Фиг. 4: Усвояване на Cs-134 от овес в зависимост от съдържанието на хумус в почвата94 Journal of Central European Agriculture Vol 6 (2005) No 1BINEVA, TZ. , STANEVA, D., YORDANOVA, I.conclusion of Gouliakin, Udinceva [1] that at transfer of radionuclides in the epigeous organs of grain crops is observed a general rule – their accumulation in the vegetative mass of the plants.The higher accumulation of Cs-134 at the versions grown in Albaqualf is determined by the relatively low absorption capacity of this type of soil. It is determined also by the lower content of humus and absorptive potassium in it and their increased acidity which contributes to a more intensive entering of radionuclide in the plants.It was established from the carried out correlative analysis that there exists an empirical correspondence between the soil acidity and the transfer factor, which could be described by a linear function. As it is seen in fi g. 2. the correlative function has a high correlative coeffi cient R2 = 0,89. Therefore, a conclusion could be made, that with the increase of pH of the soil the coeffi cients of accumulation in the plants decrease in inverse proportion to the change of level of pH of the soil.As it is seen in fi g.3., there is an inverse proportion between the absorption of Cs – 134 from the soil to the plants and the content of potassium in the soil. This correspondence could be described by a linear function with a high correlation R2 = 0,898. That verifi es the received statistic correspondence. Figure 4 represents the established correspondences between the content of humus in the soil and TF in different organs of oats plants. As it is seen the empirical correspondence could be described by a linear function – there exists an inverse proportion. The correlations –R2= 0,89 verify the established correspondence.Cs-134 accumulates at lowest levels in the reproductive organs of the plants – in the corn, and at higher levels in the vegetative organs – stems and leaves.Radio–caesium accumulates at lowest levels in the plants grown in Haplustoll – a soil rich in colloids and containing great quantities of montmorilonitic clay.It was established a functional inverse proportion with very high coeffi cients of correlation between the accumulation of Cs-134 from the soil into the plants and the concentration of potassium in the soil.It is important that at soils containing high levels of humus – Haplustoll,Resinous soil – the absorption of radio–caesium by the plants is the lowest,while at Vdolls and Albaqualf the coeffi cients of transfer are the highest.An inverse proportion exists therefore between the content of humus and thecoeffi cients of transfer.CONCLUSIONSThe following conclusions could be drawn from the results obtained:Signifi cant differences are established in the absorption and accumulation of Cs – 134 in the plants depending on the soil differences. According to the accumulation of radio–caesium in the plants the examined soils could be arranged as follows: Albaqualf, Vdolls, Ustifl uvents, Haplustoll.Cs – 134 accumulates unevenly in the different plant organs. Its highest concentration was found in the leaves and the lowest – in the grains of the examined crops.REFERENCES[1] Gouliakin, I.V., Udinceva E.V., Agricultural Radiobiology, M., (1973), p.272.(In Russian).[2] Koinov, V., Gurov,G., Kolcheva,B., Soil science, Sofi a, (1980), p.302[3] Mascanzoni D., J of Envir. Radioactivity, (1989), 233-249.[4] Skarlou, V., Nobeli, C., Anoussis, J., Haidouti,C., Papanikolau,E:, J of Envir. Radioactivity, .(1999),V.45, Issue 2, 139-147.[5] Skarlou, V., Massas,L., Haidouti,C., Papateonari Y., XXXII Ann. Meeting of ESNA, (2002),Warsaw, Poland, Sept., 9-14.[6] Staneva D. Soil science, Agrochemistry and Ecology, (2002), vol. 37, № 1-3, 80-82.

English

УСВОЯВАНЕ НА CS-134 В ОВЕС В ЗАВИСИМОСТ ОТ ПОЧВЕНИТЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ

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ORIGINAL PAPER91Volume 6 (2005) No. 1 (91-94)ACCUMULATION OF CS-134 IN THE OAT DEPENDING ON SOIL CHARACTERISTICSУСВОЯВАНЕ НА CS-134 В ОВЕС В ЗАВИСИМОСТ ОТ ПОЧВЕНИТЕ  ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИBINEVA, TZ. , STANEVA, D., YORDANOVA, I.Institute for Cryobiology and Food Technology, Laboratory of Radioecology and Radioisotope Research 7, Shousse Bankya Str, 1080 SOFIA, BULGARIA, e-mail: cbineva@mail.bg; donastaneva@abv.bgManuscript received: December 19, 2004; Reviewed: February 24, 2005; Accepted for publication: March 12, 2005ABSTRACTVegetation pot experiments with spring oats, cultivar Obrazcov Chiﬂ ik – 4, were carried out.  The plants were grown on four different soil types, typical for Bulgaria: Haplustoll, Udolls, Ustiﬂ uvents, Albaqualf /USA. The soils were contaminated with the Cs-134.  It was concluded that the radio-caesium accumulates unevenly in the different plant organs, as its highest concentration was found in the leaves and lowest in the grains of the researched culture.Substantial differences were discovered in the accumulation of caesium –134 in the plants, depending on the soil differences. According to the accumulation of the radio-caesium in the plants, the different soils can be arranged as follows: Albaqualf >Vdolls >Ustiﬂ uvents > Haplustoll.KEYWORDS: Cs-134, plants, soil, factor of transferРЕЗЮМЕПроведени бяха съдови опити с пролетен сорт овес  Образцов Чифлик-4. Растенията бяха отгледани върху орницата на четири почвени различия, харакрерни за България  и контаминирани с радионуклида цезий-134. Експериментите бяха проведени върху почви, различаващи се по механичен и физикохимичен състав: Haplustoll, Udolls, Ustiﬂ uvents, Albaqualf / USA.Констатирано бе, че радиоцезия се натрупва неравномерно в различните органи на растенията, като най-висока концентрация бе установена в листата, а най-ниска в зърната на изследваната култура.Установени бяха съществени различия в усвояването и натрупването на цезий-134 в растенията в зависимост от почвенoтo различиe. Според акумулацията  на радиоцезия от растенията, изследваните почви могат да се подредят в следния ред : канелено подзолиста > сива горска почва > алувиално.ливадна > излужен черноземКЛЮЧОВИ ДУМИ: Cs -134, растения, почва, трансферен фактор92 Journal of Central European Agriculture Vol 6 (2005) No 1BINEVA, TZ. , STANEVA, D., YORDANOVA, I.РАЗШИРЕНО РЕЗЮМЕИзучаването на особеностите в поведението и миграцията  на радионуклидите в системата почва-растение е необходимо за прогнозиране на натрупването им в растенията, животните и човека, а също за разработване на мероприятия, намаляващи радиационната опастност.Проведени бяха съдови опити с пролетен сорт овес Образцов Чифлик-4.Растенията бяха отгледани върху орницата на 4 представителни за България почвени различия: Haplustoll, Udolls, Ustiﬂ uvents, Albaqualf / USA. Експериментите бяха заложени във вегетационни съдове с вместимост 5 кg. почва при контролирани условия. Почвата бе контаминирана с воден разтвор на цезий-134 с активност 0,56 kBq.g-1 почва. Опитът бе проведен в 4 повторения. Растенията  бяха отгледани до фаза пълна зрялост. На въздушно сухата растителна маса / листа, стъбла и зърна / бе извършено гама-спектрометриране.За оценка на преминаването на радионуклида в различните органи на растенията бе използван показателя “ трансферен фактор “, изразяващ отношението на активностите в 1g въздушно суха растителна маса и 1g почва.От получените резултати могат да се направят следните изводи: - Съществуват различия в усвояването и натрупването на цезий-134 в растенията в зависимост от почвенoтo различиe. - Според акумулацията  на радиоцезия от растенията, изследваните почви могат да се подредят в следния ред : канелено подзолиста > сива горска почва > алувиално.ливадна > излужен чернозем - Цезий-134 се натрупва неравномерно в различните органи на растенията, като най-висока концентрация бе установена в листата, а най-ниска в зърната на изследваната култура.INTRODUCTIONThe investigation of  peculiarities in behavior and migration of radionuclides in the system soil – plant is necessary in order to prognosticate their accumulation in plants, animals and man. It is also needed in the process of developing enterprises decreasing the danger of radioactivity. The movement and migration abilities of radionuclides in the soil depend on the intensity of binding and the absorption mechanisms which is deﬁ ned by their chemical properties, physical and chemical composition of the soil, the characteristics of the type and sort of the plants  [3,4,5,6].The purpose of this investigation was to study the inﬂ uence of different soil types over the entering of radionuclide Cs – 134 from different types of contaminated soils in the plants of oats as well as its accumulation and distribution in the epigeous organs.MATERIAL AND METHODS     Vegetation pot experiments with spring oats, variety Obrazcov Chiﬂ ik – 4, were carried out. The plants were grown on four different soil types, typical for Bulgaria: Haplustoll, Udolls, Ustiﬂ uvents, Albaqualf/USA. The agrochemical characteristics of the examined  soils are presented in table 1.The experiments were set in vegetation vessels with capacity of 5 kg of soil under controlled conditions. The soil was contaminated with water solution of Cs – 134 with activity 0,56 kBq.g-1 soil. The experiment was carried out four times. Fifteen normally developed plants were placed in each vessel. The plants were grown till the state of full ripeness. The air – dried plant material /leaves, stems, grains/ was analyzed by a multi-channel analyzer CANBERRA with a HPGe detector. The miscount did not exceed 5 %. For the estimation of the transition of radionuclide into the different plant organs was used the index “transition factor”. It represents the ratio of the activities in 1g of air – dried plant material and 1g of soil.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONFigure1 represents the data about the stage of radioactive pollution with Cs – 134 in the different organs of oats depending on the type of the soil. It is apparent that at all experimental versions it is found a relatively high level of accumulation of radionuclide in the  vegetative organs of the plants – leaves and stems. The contents of Cs-134 in the leaves is 2 to 2,5 times higher than in the corn . The lowest accumulation was registered in the corn (Tf = 0,02).The inﬂ uence of soil type over the level of extraction of nuclide and accumulation in the plants appears most distinctly at the experimental versions grown in Albaqualf. At all experimental versions was found 5 to 6 times more intensive accumulation of radio-caesium in comparison with this grown in Haplustoll. The highest accumulation of radionuclide was found in the leaves, lower – in the stems and the lowest – in the grains of the plants. The differences in content of radio–caesium in leaves and grains ﬂ uctuate from 100% to 177%. The results obtained are in correspondence with the ACCUMULATION OF CS-134 IN THE OAT DEPENDING ON SOIL CHARACTERISTICS93J. Cent. Eur. Agric. (2005) 6:1, 91-94Table 1: Agrochemical characteristics of the examined soilsТаблица 1: Агрохимически характеристики на изследваните почвиSoil types pHKClHumus%Ca + Mgmeq/100gCameq/100gK2Omg/100gΣ<0.01mmUstiﬂ uvents 5,1 2,4 8,3 7,4 23,2 22,9Udolls 3,8 1,5 14,0 12,8 20,0 43,0Haplustoll 5,2 3,5 24,9 24,0 28,2 56,6Albagualf 3,8 1,7 9,3 20,0 24,2GrainsStemsLeaves00,050,10,150,20,25TfHaplustoll UstifluventsUdollsAlbaqualfFig 1: Accumulation of Cs-134 in different organs of oats depending on the type of the soils. Фиг.1: Усвояване на Cs - 134 в различни органи на овес  в зависимост от почвения     типy = -0,062x + 0,275R2 = 0,898100,050,10,150,20,253,8 3,82 5,1 5,2 pHTfFig. 2:  Accumulation of Cs - 134 in plants of oats depending on the рH of the soil Фиг. 2: Усвояване на Cs - 134 от овес в зависимост от pH на почватаy = -0,062x + 0,275R2 = 0,898100,050,10,150,20,257,19 20 23,2 28,19 K2�TfFig. 3: Accumulation of Cs-134 in plants of oats depending on concentration of К2О in the soil.Фиг. 3: Усвояване на Cs-134 от овес в зависимост от съдържанието К2О в почватаy  = -0,062x + 0,275R2 = 0,898100,050,10,150,20,251,46 1,66 2,43 3,55 H umus %T FFig. 4: Accumulation of Cs - 134 in plants of oats depending on the content of humus in the soil  Фиг. 4: Усвояване на Cs-134 от овес в зависимост от съдържанието на хумус в почвата94 Journal of Central European Agriculture Vol 6 (2005) No 1BINEVA, TZ. , STANEVA, D., YORDANOVA, I.conclusion of Gouliakin, Udinceva [1] that at transfer of radionuclides in the epigeous organs of grain crops is observed a general rule – their accumulation in the vegetative mass of the plants.The higher accumulation of Cs-134 at the versions grown in Albaqualf is determined by the relatively low absorption capacity of this type of soil. It is determined also by the lower content of humus and absorptive potassium in it and their increased acidity which contributes to a more intensive entering of radionuclide in the plants.It was established from the carried out correlative analysis that there exists an empirical correspondence between the soil acidity and the transfer factor, which could be described by a linear function. As it is seen in ﬁ g. 2. the correlative function has a high correlative coefﬁ cient R2 = 0,89. Therefore, a conclusion could be made, that with the increase of pH of the soil the coefﬁ cients of accumulation in the plants decrease in inverse proportion to the change of level of pH of the soil.As it is seen in ﬁ g.3., there is an inverse proportion between the absorption of Cs – 134 from the soil to the plants and the content of potassium in the soil. This correspondence could be described by a linear function with a high correlation R2 = 0,898. That veriﬁ es the received statistic correspondence. Figure 4 represents the established correspondences between the content of humus in the soil and TF in different organs of oats plants. As it is seen the empirical correspondence could be described by a linear function – there exists an inverse proportion. The correlations –R2= 0,89 verify the established correspondence.Cs-134 accumulates at lowest levels in the reproductive organs of the plants – in the corn, and at higher levels in the vegetative organs – stems and leaves.Radio–caesium accumulates at lowest levels in the plants grown in Haplustoll – a soil rich in colloids and containing great quantities of montmorilonitic clay.It was established a functional inverse proportion with very high coefﬁ cients of correlation between the accumulation of Cs-134 from the soil into the plants and the concentration of potassium in the soil.It is important that at soils containing high levels of humus – Haplustoll,Resinous soil – the absorption of radio–caesium by the plants is the lowest,while at Vdolls and Albaqualf the coefﬁ cients of transfer are the highest.An inverse proportion exists therefore between the content of humus and thecoefﬁ cients of transfer.CONCLUSIONSThe following conclusions could be drawn from the results obtained:Signiﬁ cant differences are established in the absorption and accumulation of Cs – 134 in the plants depending on the soil differences. According to the accumulation of radio–caesium in the plants the examined soils could be arranged as follows: Albaqualf, Vdolls, Ustiﬂ uvents, Haplustoll.Cs – 134 accumulates unevenly in the different plant organs. Its highest concentration was found in the leaves and the lowest – in the grains of the examined crops.REFERENCES[1] Gouliakin, I.V., Udinceva E.V., Agricultural Radiobiology, M., (1973), p.272.(In Russian).[2] Koinov, V., Gurov,G., Kolcheva,B., Soil science, Soﬁ a, (1980), p.302[3] Mascanzoni D., J of Envir. Radioactivity, (1989), 233-249.[4] Skarlou, V., Nobeli, C., Anoussis, J., Haidouti,C., Papanikolau,E:, J of Envir. Radioactivity, .(1999),V.45, Issue 2, 139-147.[5] Skarlou, V., Massas,L., Haidouti,C., Papateonari Y., XXXII Ann. Meeting of ESNA, (2002),Warsaw, Poland, Sept., 9-14.[6] Staneva D. Soil science, Agrochemistry and Ecology, (2002), vol. 37, № 1-3, 80-82.

УСВОЯВАНЕ НА CS-134 В ОВЕС В ЗАВИСИМОСТ ОТ ПОЧВЕНИТЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ

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