Evaluation of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) Cultivars in Three Growing Seasons

Abstract

Kultivari artičoke za višegodišnji uzgoj porijeklom iz Italije (Romanesco i Catanese), Francuske (Violetto di Provenza) te jedan domaći kultivar (Domaća viška) ispitani su u istraživanju provedenom na području Dalmacije od 1992. do 1995. godine. Sadnja je obavljena 25. kolovoza 1992. na razmak 1.0 m u redu i 1.2 m između redova. Fenofaze, odnos prema niskim temperaturama, rani prinos te komponente prinosa praćeni su kroz tri godine istraživanja. Fenofaze su započinjale u različito vrijeme ovisno o klimatskim uvjetima u pojedinim godinama. Potpuno izumiranje lisne mase svih kultivara zbog niskih temperatura uzrokovalo je prekid vegetacije kultivara Romanesco i Domaća viška, odnosno prekid berbe kultivara Catanese i Violetto di Provenza u 1993. i 1994. godini. Catanese i Violetto di Provenza su rani dok su Romanesco i Domaća viška kasni kultivari. Najveći rani prinos (do 1. svibnja) zabilježen je kod kultivara Catanese (31.32 % od ukupnog prinosa). Kultivar Romanesco imao je opravdano najveći prinos po biljci (0.63 kg) te prosječnu masu primarnih (121.7 g) i sekundarnih (61.7 g) pupova u svim godinama istraživanja. Prinos je svih kultivara rastao sa starošću nasada, a najveći je ostvaren u zadnjoj (trećoj) godini istraživanja.Vegetatively propagated artichoke cultivars originally from Italy (Romanesco and Catanese), France (Violetto di Provenza) and a native cultivar (Domaca viška) were researched in Dalmatian region from 1992 to 1995. Planting was done on August 25, 1992 with the spacing of 1.0 m x 1.2 m. Growth stages, resistance to low temperature, early yield and yield components were surveyed, during three years of researching. Growth stages started in different time regarding to climatic conditions in some year. Complete freezing of all cultivars leaves because of low temperatures caused the vegetation discontinuance with Romanesco and Domaca viška cultivars, and also harvesting discontinuance with Catanese and Violetto di Provenza ones in 1993 and 1994. Catanese and Violetto di Provenza are early, while Romanesco and Domaca viška are late cultivars. The highest early yield (to May 1) was noted with Catanese cultivar (31.32 % of total yield). Romanesco cultivar had significantly the highest yield per plant (0.63 kg) and average weight of primary (121.7 g) and secondary flower heads (61.7 g) in all years of investigation. All cultivar yield increased as the plantation matured, and the highest one was realised in the last (the third) year of experiment

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