Status and Trends of Heat Pumps Exploitation

Abstract

U radu je prikazan povijesni razvitak dizalica topline od 1834. godine do danas. Specificirana su današnja područja uporabe dizalica topline u stambenim i poslovnim zgradama i u industriji. Za područje grijanja/hlađenja prostora prikazana je ovisnost energijske učinkovitosti pojedinih sustava o njihovim radnim temperaturama. Dani su usporedni podatci o rasprostranjenosti korištenja dizalicama topline u nekim europskim zemljama. Analizirani su ekološki i energijski razlozi za uporabu, a na primjeru realiziranoga pilot-projekta iz nacionalnoga energetskog programa pokazana je prednost ove tehnologije. Razmatrani su mogući toplinski izvori i dani su kriteriji za ocjenu njihove valjanosti, uz pregled prihvatljivih novih radnih tvari.This paper deals with historical development of heat pumps from 1834 till today. Present applications of heat pumps in residential and commercial buildings, and in industry are specified. Application in the area of heating/cooling is presented through dependence of energy efficiency of different systems and their working temperatures. Comparison of heat pumps use in various European countries is also presented. Ecological and energy reasons for their use is analysed while advantage of described technology is presented on example of realized pilot project from national energetic program. Potential sources of heat are considered with criteria of their applicability. Convenient new working fluids are reviewed

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