Disorders of the Skin and Oral Mucosa

Abstract

Kao u bilo kojoj drugoj grani medicine, tako i u dermatologiji dijagnoza se postavlja na temelju potanke anamneze, kliničkoga pregleda i praćenja promjena na koži i sluznicama. Mnoge morfološki i etiološki različite dermatoze nastaju istodobno na koži i na sluznici usne šupljine. Sluznica usne šupljine i koža razvijaju se u tijeku embrionalnoga razvitka iz ektorderma. Takvo zajedničko podrijetlo odgovorno je za određena zajednička svojstva, te patološki procesi mogu prijeći s kože na sluznicu usne šupljine i obratno. S druge pak strane, sluznica se razlikuje histološki funkcionalno od kože. Prvenstveno na sluznici usne šupljine nedostaje keratinizacija, to jest ako se javlja, drugačijeg je oblika nego na koži. Vezivno tkivo ispod epitela naziva se lamina proprija, a na nekim mjestima, kao što je gingiva i tvrdo nepce, nedostaje submukoza. Funkcionalno sluznica usne šupljine ima znatno veću sposobnost regeneracije baznoga sloja, s visokim mitotskim indeksom, stalno postoji vlaženje površine sluznice slinom, što ima vrlo važnu ulogu u održavanju zdravlja. Bolesti kože koje se često manifestiraju na usnicama i na bukalnoj sluznici uključuju genodermatoze, virusne bolesti, bakterijske i gljivične infekcije, bulozne dermatoze, kolagenoze, alergijske reakcije, benigne i maligne tumore.Like any other branch of medicine, dermatology is a science and diagnosis results from detailed histora-taking, through examinationa and accurate observation, both of skin and mucosa.As on the free surface of the skin, many morphologically and etiologically different dermatoses also develop in the oral cavity, at times exclusively there or sometimes the first lesions appeat in the oral mucosa. The oral mucous membranes have properties in common with the skin because both originate from the ectoderm. Reactability related both to skin and mucosa is the reason for transition of pathological process from skin to mucosa as wel as in the opposite direction. On the other hand, the oral mucosa differs histologically and functionally from the skin. The keratinization of oral mucosa is largely absent or of a different kind. The connective tissue lyving bellow the epithelium is called the lamina propria. The submucosa is missing in some areas, for example, in the gingiva and the hard palate. Functionally oral mucosa has a grater capacity for regeneration of the basal layer, with its high mitotic index, and the constant wetting of its surface with saliva, which plays an important part in maintaining the health of the mucosa. Skin diseases which occur relatively frequently in the region of the lips and oral cavity include genodermatosis, viral diseases, bacterial infections, fungal diseases, bullous dermatises, collagenoses allergic reactions , nevi, benign and malignant tumors